A low cost waste treatment method for the disposal of distillery waste (spent wash)

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Waste

Treatment of Lead Contaminated Soil using Solidification/Stabilization Method Incorporated with Sugarcane Bagasse

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Benlamoudi ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mihail Aurel Titu ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Stabilization Method ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

In recent years, tremendous researches have been carried out for solid waste treatment using the solidification/stabilization (S/S) method incorporated with agricultural wastes after the incineration process. These researches, although they showed efficient results, but they may be expensive due to the incineration procedure cost. In the current research, the treatment of lead (Pb) contaminated soil was studied by the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse in its fibrous state into the S/S method. Chemical properties of the materials used were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test. Some mechanical tests like density, water absorption and compressive strength were conducted in order to meet the regulatory limits for disposing the treated waste. Some leaching tests were also conducted, to measure the leachability of lead (Pb) from the matrices. Solidification/stabilization was found as an effective method that was able to reduce more than 99% of leachability of Pb from polluted soil. Moreover, this method can incorporate until 10% of sugarcane bagasse into the matrices. Although incorporation of sugarcane bagasse up to 10% decreases the strength of the samples and increase the leachability of Pb, but they still fit to the standard. Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse waste in its fibrous state into the solidification/stabilization method may provide an alternative low cost treatment method for Pb polluted soils and may eliminate huge amounts of this waste from the environment.

Ecological Waste Treatment and Utilization Systems on Low-Cost, Energy-Saving/Generating and Resources Recoverable Technology for Water Pollution Control in China

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Utilization Of Wastes

Various ecological waste treatment and utilization systems (EWTUS) available in urban and rural areas in China are described, among which are land treatment and utilization systems (LTUS), eco-pond systems mainly consisting of macrohydrophytes-growing ponds, fish ponds and duck/geese ponds, and comprehensive circulation eco–systems for the treatment and utilization of wastes in rural areas, such as semi–closed eco–system in fish ponds, “rice–fish” and “rice–azolla–fish” symbiotic systems, recycling eco–systems with methane-generating digesters as central link, and comprehensive recycling eco–systems with digesters and eco–ponds as central link. In the various EWTUS, the sewage and wastewaters and other wastes are utilized and converted into various forms of recoverable resources and/or energy, while they are being purified to good quality effluents, meeting their respective discharge standards, and hence acceptable to receiving waters.

scholarly journals Screening of Effective Media for Black Soldier Fly Larvae Used in Food Waste Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
Chul-Hwan Kim ◽  
Kwanyoung Ko ◽  
Jongkeun Lee ◽  
Haegeun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
By Products ◽  
Bean Sprouts

Objectives : Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are organisms that effectively decompose various types of organic waste including food waste, and food waste treatment using BSFL is attracting attention as a sustainable waste treatment method. However, food waste discharged from Korea has a wide variety of properties, and its high salt concentration limits its treatment by BSFL. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of food waste treatment using BSFL, it is necessary to increase the quality of food waste as a production medium for BSFL. In this study, the ratio of protein and fat was adjusted by adding bean sprouts and wheat brans to food wastes treated at high temperature under vacuum, and whether such medium is suitable for rearing BSFL was investigated.Methods : To improve the medium, the ratio of protein and fat was adjusted to approximately 2:1 by adding bean sprouts and bran residue to food waste. Subsequently, the growth and development rate of BSFL reared on chicken feed, food waste, food waste + bean sprouts, food waste + wheat bran were measured. Also, the decomposition rate of each medium was analyzed.Results and Discussion : The growth rate of BSFL grown on food waste + wheat bran medium was similar to that of BSFL reared on chicken feed. The speed of development at day 7 was also the fastest for BSFL reared with food waste + wheat bran medium and chicken feed. These results suggest that the mixed medium to which wheat bran has been added to food waste has the potential to be used as a commercial medium for BSFL production. The survival rate of BSFL was 89% or higher in all media.Conclusions : When food waste was used alone, BSFL development was poor compared to that in media combined with agricultural by-products such as bean sprouts and wheat bran. Therefore, to use food waste as a rearing medium of BSFL, it is necessary to adjust the ratio of protein and fat by adding various agricultural by-products and reduce salinity. For the improvement of food waste treatment technology using BSFL, mass rearing of useful insects such as BSFL, and promotion of the use of agricultural by-products, additional research is needed to optimize the composition of rearing medium based on food waste.

scholarly journals Assessing Options for Remediation of Contaminated Mine Site Drainage Entering the River Teign, Southwest England

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Jordan ◽  
Rachel Hill ◽  
Adrienne Turner ◽  
Tyrone Roberts ◽  
Sean Comber
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Mine Sites

The river Teign in Devon has come under scrutiny for failing to meet environmental quality standards for ecotoxic metals due to past mining operations. A disused mine known as Bridford Barytes mine, has been found to contribute a significant source of Zn, Cd and Pb to the river. Recently, studies have been focused on the remediation of such mine sites using low-cost treatment methods to help reduce metal loads to the river downstream. This paper explores the metal removal efficiency of red mud, a waste product from the aluminium industry, which has proven to be an attractive low-cost treatment method for adsorbing toxic metals. Adsorption kinetics and capacity experiments reveal metal removal efficiencies of up to 70% within the first 2 h when red mud is applied in pelletized form. Further, it highlights the potential of biochar, another effective adsorbent observed to remove >90% Zn using agricultural feedstock. Compliance of the Teign has been investigated by analysing dissolved metal concentrations and bioavailable fractions of Zn to assess if levels are of environmental concern. By applying a real-world application model, this study reveals that compressed pellets and agricultural biochar offer an effective, low-cost option to reducing metal concentrations and thus improving the quality of the river Teign.

Synthesis, Structural and Morphological Properties of Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal Treatment Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif Mohammed Al-Hada ◽  
Elias B. Saion ◽  
Abdul H. Shaari ◽  
Mazliana A. Kamarudeen ◽  
Moayad Husein Flaifel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cadmium Oxide ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Metal Nitrate ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cdo Nanoparticles

Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles was synthesized from an aqueous solution containing metal nitrate as a precursor and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent by simple thermal-treatment method. The as-synthesized sample has been calcined at various temperatures from 500 to 650 °C to remove the organic matters. The structure and morphology of the calcined oxide nanoparticles have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results obtained supports the fact that the thermal treatment method utilized for the synthesis of CdO nanoparticles is certainly a very simple and low cost technique that requires no additional chemicals.

Influence of CF on PTC Properties of LDPE/Carbon Fiber Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long Zhang ◽  
Yu Ping Wan ◽  
Ya Jie Dai ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Positive Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Cost Characteristics

PO/CB (Polyolefin/Carbon Black) PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) composite with easy processing, low cost characteristics has been applied widely. But it suffered from a relatively short lifespan because of its NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) effect and low PTC intensity. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the CF was calcination-treated to prepare LDPE/CF (Low Density Polyethylene/Carbon Fiber) PTC composite. Influence of length, content and treatment method of CF on PTC properties of composites was investigated. Results showed that 0.5mm length CF in composites had higher PTC intensity than that of 2mm length CF. PTC intensity of the composites was enhanced more effectively by calcination treated CF compared to the untreated CF. The maximum PTC intensity was 8.1 when CF’s content was at 8wt%.

scholarly journals A Modeled Analysis of Telehealth Methods for Treating Pressure Ulcers after Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Smith ◽  
Michelle L. Hill ◽  
Karen L. Hopkins ◽  
B. Jenny Kiratli ◽  
Ruth C. Cronkite
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Entire Treatment Period ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Cord Injury

Home telehealth can improve clinical outcomes for conditions that are common among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, little is known about the costs and potential savings associated with its use. We developed clinical scenarios that describe common situations in treatment or prevention of pressure ulcers. We calculated the cost implications of using telehealth for each scenario and under a range of reasonable assumptions. Data were gathered primarily from US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative records. For each scenario and treatment method, we multiplied probabilities, frequencies, and costs to determine the expected cost over the entire treatment period. We generated low-, medium-, and high-cost estimates based on reasonable ranges of costs and probabilities. Telehealth care was less expensive than standard care when low-cost technology was used but often more expensive when high-cost, interactive devices were installed in the patient’s home. Increased utilization of telehealth technology (particularly among rural veterans with SCI) could reduce the incidence of stage III and stage IV ulcers, thereby improving veterans' health and quality of care without increasing costs. Future prospective studies of our present scenarios using patients with various healthcare challenges are recommended.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CHLORIDES AND SULPHATES ON QUALITY OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ENZYME PREPARATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Skaisgiriene ◽  
Pertas Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

The biological treatment method is widely used in Lithuania due to its high efficiency, low cost and suitability for treating various types of wastewater. After technological processes various mineral substances, such as chlorides and sulphates, get into water bodies. These substances are not removed from wastewater by the biological treatment method. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of chlorides and sulphates, investigate the influence of enzyme preparations upon quality and energy consumption and assess energy changes in the trophic food chain during biological treatment. To analyse the mineral salt influence of the biooxidation process a series of laboratory tests was carried out: biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), activated sludge concentration and other indexes. It is found experimentally that a 400 mg/1 concentration of chlorides disarranges the activity of microorganisms, and at a 700 mg/1 concentration active sludge is no longer suitable for biological treatment. Also, we investigated the effect of a ferment preparation “Roebic” on effluence of sewage treatment. In a tank with an enzyme the total amount of energy after treatment increases by 5–30 %. It is determined by calculating the accumulation of energy in an active‐sludge system that an enzyme preparation increases the energy levels of the system.

scholarly journals Treatment of herpetic stomatitis by low temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
S. I. Tokmakova ◽  
T. N. Ul’ko ◽  
O. V. Bondarenko ◽  
O. V. Sysoyeva ◽  
T. V. Voblova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Titanium Nickelide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Porous Titanium Nickelide

The efficiency of treatment of herpetic stomatitis by autonomous porous titanium nickelide applicators with the use of liquid nitrogen was assessed. In 43 patients, the Hossley-Bergman pain index and erosion epithelization terms after the cryo treatment compared to traditional methods were taken into account. The developed treatment method is characterized by the simplicity, low cost, absence of contraindication and side effects.

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