Aquatic bacterial populations and heavy metals—II. Influence of chemical content of aquatic environments on bacterial uptake of chemical elements

<p>Chemical bond plays a central role in the description of the physicochemical properties of molecules and solids and it is essential to several fields in science and engineering, governing the material’s mechanical, electrical, catalytic and optoelectronic properties, among others. Due to this indisputable importance, a proper description of chemical bond is needed, commonly obtained through solving the Schrödinger equation of the system with either molecular orbital theory (molecules) or band theory (solids). However, connecting these seemingly different concepts is not a straightforward task for students and there is a gap in the available textbooks concerning this subject. This work presents a chemical content to be added in the physical chemistry undergraduate courses, in which the framework of molecular orbitals was used to qualitatively explain the standard state of the chemical elements and some properties of the resulting material, such as gas or crystalline solids. Here in Part 1, we were able to show the transition from Van der Waals clusters to metal in alkali and alkaline earth systems. In Part 2 and 3 of this three-part work, the present framework is applied to main group elements and transition metals. The original content discussed here can be adapted and incorporated in undergraduate and graduate physical chemistry and/or materials science textbooks and also serves as a conceptual guide to subsequent disciplines such as quantum chemistry, quantum mechanics and solid-state physics.</p>

Download Full-text

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-4-400-410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 400-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. A. Mikhailova ◽

M. A. Solodukhina ◽

O. G. Alekseeva ◽

N. M. Burlaka ◽

S. E. Lapa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Contamination ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Entire Area ◽

Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

Download Full-text

A Comprehensive Review of Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Saffron

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201023666220104142531 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Sayyed Mohammad Ali Noori ◽

Mohammad Hashemi ◽

Sajjad Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World

Abstract: Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world, and its popularity as a tasty food additive is spreading rapidly through many cultures and cuisines. Minerals and heavy metals are minor components found in saffron, which play a key role in the identification of the geographical origin, quality control, and food traceability, while they also affect human health. The chemical elements in saffron are measured using various analytical methods, such as techniques based on spectrometry or spectroscopy, including atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to review the published articles about heavy metals and minerals in saffron across the world. To date, 64 chemical elements have been found in different types of saffron, which could be divided into three groups of macro-elements, trace elements, and heavy metals (trace elements with a lower gravity/greater than five times that of water and other inorganic sources). Furthermore, the chemical elements in the saffron samples of different countries have a wide range of concentrations. These differences may be affected by geographical condition such as physicochemical properties of the soil, weather and other environmental conditions like saffron cultivation and its genotype.

Download Full-text

Establishing the limits of the permissible content of chemical elements in the wool of representatives of the family Hamster Cricetidae using centile scales

Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202009008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

M. V. Stepanova ◽

◽

V. A. Ostapenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Copper Content ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Federal District ◽

The Body ◽

Average Content ◽

Absorption Method ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

The Family ◽

Heavy Metals And Arsenic

The aim of the study was to study the content of some heavy metals and arsenic in members of the Cricetidae family of hamsters and to develop centile scales for assessing the level of accumulation of these elements for the Central Federal District. In 2018–2020, hamster`s wool was studied for the accumulation of zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium and arsenic by the atomic absorption method. The data on the characteristics of the content of chemical elements in different sexes of animals are given. In the course of the study, it was found that, according to the value of the average content in the wool of animals of the family, the studied elements form the following decreasing series: Fe> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd> As. When studying the features of the accumulation of chemical elements by different sexes, a significant increase in the concentration of zinc, iron, cadmium and arsenic in the wool of males was established, compared with females, depending on the species, from 1,38 to 3,98; from 1,28 to 1,52; from 2,00 to 304,00 times, respectively. With regard to the accumulation of copper in the body, the opposite trend is observed. In females, its concentration is 1,5–3,19 times higher. In the studied sample of animals, an increase in copper content was revealed in 44,83% of individuals and a decrease in cadmium in 44,82%.

Download Full-text

It’s Time to Replace the Term “Heavy Metals” with “Potentially Toxic Elements” When Reporting Environmental Research

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4446 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olivier Pourret ◽

Andrew Hursthouse

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Toxic Element ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Environmental Sciences ◽

Common Term ◽

Pollution Impacts

Even if the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements is relatively well defined, some controversial terms are still in use. Indeed, the term “heavy metal” is a common term used for decades in the natural sciences, and even more in environmental sciences, particularly in studies of pollution impacts. As the use of the term appears to have increased, we highlight the relevance of the use of the term “Potentially Toxic Element(s)”, which needs more explicit endorsement, and we illustrate the chemical elements that need to be considered.

Download Full-text

Application of carboxymethyl polysaccharides as bio-sorbents for the sequestration of heavy metals in aquatic environments

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 116142 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Herbert Musarurwa ◽

Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Aquatic Environments

Download Full-text

Effect of alkaline treatment of wooden sawdust for the removal of heavy metals from aquatic environments

10.5004/dwt.2019.24053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 155 ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefan Demcak ◽

Magdalena Balintova ◽

Maria Demcakova ◽

Kornel Csach ◽

Inga Zinicovscaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals

Download Full-text

The chemical fractionation and potential source identification of Cu, Zn and Cd on urban watershed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.355 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 1428-1436 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Pei Hua ◽

Peter Krebs

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Source Identification ◽

Primary Source ◽

Principal Component ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Brake Pad ◽

Urban Watershed ◽

Potential Source

This study showcases the chemical fractionation and primary source identification of Cu, Zn and Cd in road-deposited sediment. Results show that Zn and Cd were identified as easily mobilised and biologically available metals that pose high risks to the receiving aquatic environments. However, Cu was released in substantial amounts only under relatively extreme conditions. With the assistance of principal component analysis and chemical fractionation, two primary contributors to heavy metals in road-deposited sediment were tentatively identified as vehicle-related sources (especially, auto brake pad erosion for Cu and tyre debris for Zn) and atmospheric deposition (especially for Cd).

Download Full-text

THE ROLE OF PH IN HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF URBAN SOIL

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2013.872117 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 311-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Asta KAZLAUSKAITĖ-JADZEVIČĖ ◽

Jonas VOLUNGEVIČIUS ◽

Virginija GREGORAUSKIENĖ ◽

Saulius MARCINKONIS

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Urban Soil ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Chemical Reactivity ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Parent Material ◽

Ph Level

The aim of this study to assess interdependence between urban soil pH and its accumulation of heavy metals. The article meant to be a contribution to a better knowledge of peculiarities and diagnostics of urban soil and its anthropogenic transformation. The hypothesis assumes that relationship between urban soil pH and its accumulation of heavy metals may be determined by the origin and age of parent material as well as the nature and degree of the anthropogenic impact. The spatial variability of topsoil pH level was performed in 100 points in eldership of Šnipiškės of the city Vilnius. Laboratory analysis was based on ISO 10390:2005. Samples were collected from 20 cm topsoil layer in the same sampling points where have been analysed concentrations of topsoil chemical elements using optical atomic emission spectrophotometry. The contamination of urban soils exhibits somewhat different compared to agricultural soils. In contradiction to earlier studies in Lithuanian agricultural soils where strong correlation between soil pH and Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zd found, the conducted analysis shows a statistically reliable, but very weak (<0.3) correlation between the soil pH and concentration of contaminants. The proof to this correlation is provided by an existing relationship between pH and the concentration of copper (r = 0.20), mercury (r = 0.15), strontium (r = –0.12) and the overall contamination index (r = 0.12). The applied statistical analysis, however, failed to reveal the nature of interdependence between the soil pH and its contamination with studied heavy metals there concentration of contaminant chemical elements depends on the pH range of the soil and, conversely, the chemical reactivity of the soil changes affect on the concentration of studied chemical elements.

Download Full-text