SECONDARY METABOLITES | Culinary Uses and Nutritional Value

Polyphenols are the most prominent natural antioxidants found numerously in nature. They are secondary metabolites recognized for having high health benefits for consumers, even if the exploitation of these remarkable natural compounds is still a challenge. Moreover, there is a dilemma over the nutritional value of polyphenols. Hence, this paper seeks to review the classification, sources, anti-browning effect, antioxidant activity, nutritional property and anti-disease effect of polyphenols for better understanding the issues which need to be addressed in the valorization of these natural compounds.

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Lichentherapy: Highlights on the Pharmaceutical Potentials of Lichens

Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology ◽

10.23880/oajmb-16000190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Elkhateeb WA

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Air Quality Monitoring ◽

Alternative Product ◽

Lichen Substances ◽

History Of

Lichens exist in every continent and have a history of being used as food, medicine, a source of dyes and animal feed. Lichens are now being used as natural indicators of climate change and for air quality monitoring worldwide. Lichens play an important role in many ecosystems and exist as a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This symbiosis results in the production of unique secondary metabolites known as lichen substances, which arise within the thalli and are typically in crystal form on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Recently, lichens and their secondary metabolites have been receiving increased attention due to their nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. This review aims to highlight on the importance and variety of common lichen substances (secondary metabolites). Finally, the commercialization of lichens is growing but, in the future, metabolic and biotechnological approaches can be used as an alternative product to overcome the limited availability of biologically active, commercially valuable and medicinally important secondary metabolite components.

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Secondary Metabolites in Edible Species: Looking beyond Nutritional Value

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1131

Author(s):

Ana M. L. Seca ◽

Antoaneta Trendafilova

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Organic Molecules ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Biosynthetic Pathways ◽

Edible Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Living Being

Secondary metabolites are organic molecules of low molecular weight, biosynthesized by any living being using a wide range of biosynthetic pathways, known as secondary metabolism [...]

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Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and Secondary Metabolites of Three Medicinal Wild Fagonia Species

Food Biology ◽

10.25081/fb.0.v0.6290 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Mustafa M. El-Zayat ◽

Yasser Ahmed El-Amier ◽

El-Sayed F. El-Halawany ◽

Iman A. Abo Aisha

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Micro Elements

Proximate composition of the aerial parts of three Fagonia species (Fagonia arabica L., F. mollis Delile and F. cretica L.) collected from different habitats were analyzed. Macro- and micro-elements as well as some secondary metabolites were estimated. The obtained results revealed that F. creticus contains appreciable levels of nutritive components considering that its nutritional value (351.06 kcal/100g dry wt.) was remarkably higher than that of F. arabica and F. mollis (327.99 and 293.07 kcal/100g dry wt., respectively). The concentration of Na was relatively the highest among the other estimated macroelements in the studied species followed by K, Ca and Mg, respectively while Fe was the highest microelement followed by Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. The phytochemical composition revealed that methanolic extract of F. creticus was the richest in total alkaloids and flavonoids, while F. arabica found to be the richest in total phenolics and tannins.

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Coculture, An Efficient Biotechnology for Mining the Biosynthesis Potential of Macrofungi via Interspecies Interactions

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.663924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Guihong Yu ◽

Yuman Sun ◽

Heyang Han ◽

Xiu Yan ◽

Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Interspecies Interactions ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Silent Genes ◽

Gene Functions ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Natural Living

Macrofungi, which are also known as mushrooms, can produce various bioactive constituents and have become promising resources as lead drugs and foods rich in nutritional value. However, the production of these bioactive constituents under standard laboratory conditions is inefficiency due to the silent expression of their relevant genes. Coculture, as an important activation strategy that simulates the natural living conditions of macrofungi, can activate silent genes or clusters through interspecific interactions. Coculturing not only can trigger the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites and enzymes of macrofungi, but is also useful for uncovering the mechanisms of fungal interspecific interactions and novel gene functions. In this paper, coculturing among macrofungi or between macrofungi and other microorganisms, the triggering and upregulation of secondary metabolites and enzymes, the potential medicinal applications, and the fungal–fungal interaction mechanisms are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in further advancing coculture systems are discussed.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Ekstrak Daun Gayam (Inocarpus Fagifer Fosb) dengan Menggunakan KLT

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v6i2.2129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 125-129

Author(s):

Rohama Rohama ◽

Zainuddin Zainuddin

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Test Results ◽

Common People ◽

Bowel Movements ◽

Color Reagent ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

The Common ◽

Boiled Water

The Gayam tree is widespread in the territory of Indonesia, the Gayam plant (Inocarfus Fegifer Fosb) is also used as a medicine for bloody bowel movements in the community by boiling the stems and drinking boiled water. Besides having medicinal properties, Gayam is also used as food in the community in the Banjarmasin area. The common people certainly do not know the benefits of gayam and its nutritional value. Research on the identification of secondary metabolite compounds in Gayam leaf extract (Inocarpus Fagifer Fosb) using TLC where Gayam Leaves (Inocarpus Fagifer Fosb) was extracted by maceration method, the thick extract obtained was then carried out by testing the identification of secondary metabolites with color reagent and TLC. The results of the identification of the compound metabolite of gayam leaves (Inocarfus Fegifer Fosb) by color reagent and TLC test showed positive test results for alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins.

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Characterization of the secondary metabolites in the seeds of nine native bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus) from Querétaro, Mexico

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1930 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 650 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcela Quiróz-Sodi ◽

Sandra Mendoza-Díaz ◽

Luis Hernández-Sandoval ◽

Israel Carrillo-Ángeles

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

High Performance ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Bootstrap Method ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Metabolite Content

Background: Beans (Phaseolus spp.) are one of the most important legumes due to their high nutritional value. The type and amount of beans’ secondary metabolites varies according to their domestication status, species, and the site where they are grown. In the sate of Querétaro, the most commonly cultivated species are P. vulgaris L. and P. coccineus L., both of which can also be found in wild and disturbed areas.Hypothesis: The aim of this project was to characterize the secondary metabolites in the seeds of the aforementioned species of Phaseolus with different domestication stages and from different geographical areas. The hypothesis is that wild beans collected in Mexican Plateau will have higher concentrations of secondary metabolites.Study site and period of research: The seeds of six samples of domesticated P. vulgaris and three of wild and weedy P. coccineus populations were collected from the Mexican Plateau and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Querétaro, between 2013 and 2016.Methods: It was an experiment with one factor and two levels (bean species) sampled randomized. The experimental unit was each sample, which was studied to obtain 17 chemical parameters, mainly secondary metabolites. From each sample 5 g were selected, minced and parameters were measured twice employing spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Data was analyzed using a bootstrap method, discriminant analysis and by establishing simple correlations.Results: The content of secondary metabolites from cultivated P. vulgaris seeds was higher, probably due to its favorable growth environmental and domestication status. Also, beans from the Mexican Plateau had a higher content of secondary metabolites than those from the Sierra Gorda. The analysis of these metabolites allowed for the identification of bean samples with the highest gallic, ellagic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids and vainillin content.Conclusion: The studied samples had different metabolite content according to their species, domestication status and site of growth.

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Mysterious World of Lichens: Highlights on Their History, Applications, and Pharmaceutical Potentials

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315510666200128123237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽

Ghoson M. Daba ◽

Donia Sheir ◽

The-Duy Nguyen ◽

Kalani K. Hapuarachchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lichen Substances ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Background: Lichens play an important role in many ecosystems and exist as a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This symbiosis results in production of unique secondary metabolites known as lichen substances, which arise within the thalli and are typically in crystal form on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Recently, lichens and their secondary metabolites have been receiving increased attention due to their nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. Objectives: This review aims to cast a light on the importance and variety of common lichen substances (secondary metabolites), which are investigated along with their historical and contemporary applications, use in environmental research and discussion of the commercialisation of lichens-based products. Methods: The literature, including research and reviews articles, was analysed and the information was compiled to provide a complete review of Lichens. A desk-based study to elucidate the role of lichens in commercial products was also undertaken. Results: Analysis of metabolites, mostly secondary metabolites, have yielded a wide range of interesting compounds with biological activities from antimicrobial to anticancer. 31 of these compounds are discussed in detail. Further, the nutritional value of lichens is identified alongside a role in environmental monitoring and a number of commercialised lichen-based products are located. Conclusions: Lichens are found on every continent and have a history of use as food, medicine, dyes and livestock feed. The pharmaceutical potential of lichens is high and several companies are now attempting to commercialise these unique attributes.

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