A comprehensive method of evaluating the impact of drought and salt stress on tomato growth and fruit quality based on EPIC growth model

The photosynthetic potential and underlying internal metabolism of a plant are some of the most commonly affected physiological functions as a direct consequence of stresses due to salt and water resulting in hindering plant growth and productivity. Under the influence of such detrimental stresses, a drastic alteration in a plant's osmotic requirements, hormonal production, shedding of leaves, and closure of stomata, along with a lessening in the diffusion and transportation of CO2 and H2O are commonly seen. This review unfolds with a description of the basic methodology involved in the proteomic analysis of various proteins involved in stress response along with a brief idea on identifying and obtaining a genomic sequence for proteomic studies. It then dives deep into understanding the impact of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and high temperatures on cereal crops such as rice and sorghum as well as the internal dynamics of tolerance mechanism unfolding during stresses have also been described. Extensive literature describing the proteomic and physiological responses to primary and secondary effects of salt stress in cereal crops emphasizing on ROS production and apoptosis, the role of osmolytes as ROS scavengers during osmotic stress and vacuolar antiporters in ionic stress along with the responses during drought stress such as the accumulation of LEA proteins and ABA-based signaling has been reviewed and critically discussed. The study also sheds light on some experimental proteomic studies conducted on the seedlings, root tissues, and shoots of rice cultivars.

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Application of drought and salt stress can improve tomato fruit quality without jeopardising production

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2017.1170.92 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 729-736

Author(s):

B.A.E. Van de Wal ◽

L. Van Meulebroek ◽

K. Steppe

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Drought And Salt Stress

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GhWRKY46 from Upland Cotton positively Regulates the Drought and Salt stress Responses in Plant

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104438

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Shengting Li ◽

Cuiling Yang ◽

Qunying Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Drought And Salt Stress

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R&D Heterogeneity and the Impact of R&D Subsidies*

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/ueab021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sigurd M⊘lster Galaasen ◽

Alfonso Irarrazabal

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Growth Model ◽

Relative Size ◽

Schumpeterian Growth ◽

Size Dependent ◽

Investment Growth ◽

The Impact ◽

D Investment ◽

Model Fits

Abstract This paper studies the determinants of R&D heterogeneity and the economic impact of R&D subsidies. We estimate a Schumpeterian growth model featuring firms with heterogeneous innovation efficiencies. The model fits well the R&D investment distribution, and the frequency and relative size of R&D performers. Using the model we study the impact of a Norwegian R&D reform targeting firms with R&D spending below a certain threshold. The size-dependent subsidy increases aggregate R&D investment by 11.7%, but reduces growth and welfare. In contrast, a uniform subsidy stimulates investment, growth and welfare.

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Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 657

Author(s):

Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽

Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽

Rania S. Shehata

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Shikimic Acid ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Content Index ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Total Free Amino Acids ◽

The Impact

Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.

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Evaluation of Indigenous Olive Biocontrol Rhizobacteria as Protectants against Drought and Salt Stress

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1209

Author(s):

Nuria Montes-Osuna ◽

Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás ◽

Antonio Valverde-Corredor ◽

Garikoitz Legarda ◽

Pilar Prieto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Acds Gene ◽

Drought And Salt Stress ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Stress caused by drought and salinity may compromise growth and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crops. Several studies have reported the use of beneficial rhizobacteria to alleviate symptoms produced by these stresses, which is attributed in some cases to the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACD). A collection of beneficial olive rhizobacteria was in vitro screened for ACD activity. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 displayed this phenotype and sequencing of its genome confirmed the presence of an acdS gene. In contrast, the well-known root endophyte and biocontrol agent Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 was defective in ACD activity, even though the presence of an ACD-coding gene was earlier predicted in its genome. In this study, an unidentified deaminase was confirmed instead. Greenhouse experiments with olive ‘Picual’ plants inoculated either with PICF6 or PICF7, or co-inoculated with both strains, and subjected to drought or salt stress were carried out. Several physiological and biochemical parameters increased in stressed plants (i.e., stomatal conductance and flavonoids content), regardless of whether or not they were previously bacterized. Results showed that neither PICF6 (ACD positive) nor PICF7 (ACD negative) lessened the negative effects caused by the abiotic stresses tested, at least under our experimental conditions.

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Expression Analyses of Soybean VOZ Transcription Factors and the Role of GmVOZ1G in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21062177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Jia-Cheng Zheng ◽

Ting-Ting Wang ◽

Dong-Hong Min ◽

Wen-Liang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Drought And Salt Stress

Vascular plant one-zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factor, a plant specific one-zinc-finger-type transcriptional activator, is involved in regulating numerous biological processes such as floral induction and development, defense against pathogens, and response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Six VOZ transcription factor-encoding genes (GmVOZs) have been reported to exist in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. In spite of this, little information is currently available regarding GmVOZs. In this study, GmVOZs were cloned and characterized. GmVOZ genes encode proteins possessing transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. GmVOZ1E, GmVOZ2B, and GmVOZ2D gene products were widely dispersed in the cytosol, while GmVOZ1G was primarily located in the nucleus. GmVOZs displayed a differential expression profile under dehydration, salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress conditions. Among them, GmVOZ1G showed a significantly induced expression in response to all stress treatments. Overexpression of GmVOZ1G in soybean hairy roots resulted in a greater tolerance to drought and salt stress. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) soybean hairy roots suppressing GmVOZ1G were more sensitive to both of these stresses. Under drought treatment, soybean composite plants with an overexpression of hairy roots had higher relative water content (RWC). In response to drought and salt stress, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in soybean composite seedlings with an overexpression of hairy roots. The opposite results for each physiological parameter were obtained in RNAi lines. In conclusion, GmVOZ1G positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean hairy roots. Our results will be valuable for the functional characterization of soybean VOZ transcription factors under abiotic stress.

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Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Assessment of Drought and Salt Stress in Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Jose Alvarez ◽

Elvira Martinez ◽

Belén Diezma

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

Human Observer ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Data Variability ◽

Drought And Salt Stress ◽

The One ◽

Almost All ◽

Germination Parameters

Hyperspectral imaging is an appropriate method to thoroughly investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous agro-food products. By using hyperspectral technology, identifying stress symptoms associated with salinity, before a human observer, is possible, and has obvious benefits. The objective of this paper was to prove the suitability of this technique for the analysis of Triticale seeds subjected to both magneto-priming and drought and salt stress conditions, in terms of image differences obtained among treatments. It is known that, on the one hand, drought and salt stress treatments have negative effects on seeds of almost all species, and on the other hand, magneto-priming enhances seed germination parameters. Thus, this study aimed to relate hyperspectral imaging values—neither positive nor negative in themselves—to the effects mentioned above. Two main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the hyperspectral application is a feasible method for exploring the Triticale structure and for making distinctions under different drought and salt stress treatments, in line with the data variability obtained. Secondly, the lower spectral reflectance in some treatments—in the 400–1000 nm segment—is the result of a great number of chemical compounds in the seed that could be related to magneto-priming.

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