CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN THE BRAIN OF RATS DURING MEMORY ACQUISITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 113599
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Pershina ◽  
Tatyana P. Kulagina ◽  
Tatyana A. Savina ◽  
Alexander V. Aripovsky ◽  
Sergey G. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Memory Acquisition ◽  
The Brain

THE HYDROLYSIS OF MONOPHOSPHOINOSITIDE BY EXTRACTS OF BRAIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Diffusible Factor ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain

The hydrolysis of monophosphoinositide by soluble extracts from rat brain is described. Diglyceride and inositol monophosphate are liberated along with a small amount of free fatty acids. Hydrolysis of the lipid is optimal at pH 5.4 in acetate buffer. The reaction is stimulated by calcium ions or by high concentration of monovalent cations and, to a less extent, by long-chain cationic amphipathic compounds. Enzyme activity is lost on dialysis of the brain extract and can be restored by diffusible factor(s). Some differences in the conditions for hydrolysis of mono- and tri-phosphoinositides are noted.

scholarly journals Utilization in vivo of glucose and volatile fatty acids by sheep brain for the synthesis of acidic amino acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M O'Neal ◽  
R E Koeppe ◽  
E I Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
The Brain

1. Free glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid from glutamine and, in some instances, the glutamic acid from glutathione and the aspartic acid from N-acetyl-aspartic acid were isolated from the brains of sheep and assayed for radioactivity after intravenous injection of [2-(14)C]glucose, [1-(14)C]acetate, [1-(14)C]butyrate or [2-(14)C]propionate. These brain components were also isolated and analysed from rats that had been given [2-(14)C]propionate. The results indicate that, as in rat brain, glucose is by far the best precursor of the free amino acids of sheep brain. 2. Degradation of the glutamate of brain yielded labelling patterns consistent with the proposal that the major route of pyruvate metabolism in brain is via acetyl-CoA, and that the short-chain fatty acids enter the brain without prior metabolism by other tissue and are metabolized in brain via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. When labelled glucose was used as a precursor, glutamate always had a higher specific activity than glutamine; when labelled fatty acids were used, the reverse was true. These findings add support and complexity to the concept of the metabolic; compartmentation' of the free amino acids of brain. 4. The results from experiments with labelled propionate strongly suggest that brain metabolizes propionate via succinate and that this metabolic route may be a limited but important source of dicarboxylic acids in the brain.

scholarly journals Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in grey and white matter regions of the brain metabolize fatty acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Hofmann ◽  
Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Anne Gaebler ◽  
Núria Casals ◽  
Anja Scheller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
White Matter ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Lipid Transport and Metabolism at the Blood-Brain Interface: Implications in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pifferi ◽  
Benoit Laurent ◽  
Mélanie Plourde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

Many prospective studies have shown that a diet enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can improve cognitive function during normal aging and prevent the development of neurocognitive diseases. However, researchers have not elucidated how n-3 PUFAs are transferred from the blood to the brain or how they relate to cognitive scores. Transport into and out of the central nervous system depends on two main sets of barriers: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) between peripheral blood and brain tissue and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) between the blood and the CSF. In this review, the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers to reach the CNS is presented and discussed. Implications of these processes in health and disease, particularly during aging and neurodegenerative diseases, are also addressed. An assessment provided here is that the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers in humans is limited, which hence potentially restrains our capacity to intervene in and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Determining the Bioenergetic Capacity for Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Mammalian Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory J. White ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Joseph Choi ◽  
Tiffany Chu ◽  
Susanna Scafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT The metabolic state of the brain can greatly impact neurologic function. Evidence of this includes the therapeutic benefit of a ketogenic diet in neurologic diseases, including epilepsy. However, brain lipid bioenergetics remain largely uncharacterized. The existence, capacity, and relevance of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in the brain are highly controversial, with few genetic tools available to evaluate the question. We have provided evidence for the capacity of brain FAO using a pan-brain-specific conditional knockout (KO) mouse incapable of FAO due to the loss of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, the product of an obligate gene for FAO (CPT2B−/−). Loss of central nervous system (CNS) FAO did not result in gross neuroanatomical changes or systemic differences in metabolism. Loss of CPT2 in the brain did not result in robustly impaired behavior. We demonstrate by unbiased and targeted metabolomics that the mammalian brain oxidizes a substantial quantity of long-chain fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. Loss of CNS FAO results in robust accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in the brain, suggesting that the mammalian brain mobilizes fatty acids for their oxidation, irrespective of diet or metabolic state. Together, these data demonstrate that the mammalian brain oxidizes fatty acids under normal circumstances with little influence from or on peripheral tissues.

scholarly journals Lipids Nutrients in Parkinson and Alzheimer’s Diseases: Cell Death and Cytoprotection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Nury ◽  
Gérard Lizard ◽  
Anne Vejux
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, have common features: protein accumulation, cell death with mitochondrial involvement and oxidative stress. Patients are treated to cure the symptoms, but the treatments do not target the causes; so, the disease is not stopped. It is interesting to look at the side of nutrition which could help prevent the first signs of the disease or slow its progression in addition to existing therapeutic strategies. Lipids, whether in the form of vegetable or animal oils or in the form of fatty acids, could be incorporated into diets with the aim of preventing neurodegenerative diseases. These different lipids can inhibit the cytotoxicity induced during the pathology, whether at the level of mitochondria, oxidative stress or apoptosis and inflammation. The conclusions of the various studies cited are oriented towards the preventive use of oils or fatty acids. The future of these lipids that can be used in therapy/prevention will undoubtedly involve a better delivery to the body and to the brain by utilizing lipid encapsulation.

The effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation of ewes on neonatal lamb vigour, lamb growth and colostrum parameters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Capper ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
S. E. Pattinson ◽  
A. M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are the most abundant fatty acids in the brain and are vital for its correct development and for that of the nervous system (Huang and Craig-Schmidt, 1996). Ruminant diets are low in DHA and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, dietary PUFAs are substantially hydrogenated in the rumen. Consequently, it may be argued that the diets of pregnant and lactating ewes may be deficient in DHA and that a response to supplementation may be observed. Studies involving the supplementation of pregnant ewes with supraoptimal levels of vitamin E have shown that lambs born to supplemented dams are more vigorous immediately after birth and have higher liveweight gains (Merrell, 1998). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary long-chain PUFA in combination with vitamin E supplementation of ewes on ewe and lamb performance.

scholarly journals n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Joffre ◽  
Anne-Laure Dinel ◽  
Mathilde Chataigner ◽  
Véronique Pallet ◽  
Sophie Layé
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
The Brain

Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.

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