Cultivation processes to select microorganisms with high accumulation ability

Abstract Background Some neuropsychological diseases are associated with abnormal thiamine metabolism, including Korsakoff–Wernicke syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in vivo detection of the status of brain thiamine metabolism is still unavailable and needs to be developed. Methods A novel PET tracer of 18F-deoxy-thiamine was synthesized using an automated module via a two-step route. The main quality control parameters, such as specific activity and radiochemical purity, were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Radiochemical concentration was determined by radioactivity calibrator. Metabolic kinetics and the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in brains of mice and marmosets were studied by micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In vivo stability, renal excretion rate, and biodistribution of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the mice were assayed using HPLC and γ-counter, respectively. Also, the correlation between the retention of cerebral 18F-deoxy-thiamine in 60 min after injection as represented by the area under the curve (AUC) and blood thiamine levels was investigated. Results The 18F-deoxy-thiamine was stable both in vitro and in vivo. The uptake and clearance of 18F-deoxy-thiamine were quick in the mice. It reached the max standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 4.61 ± 0.53 in the liver within 1 min, 18.67 ± 7.04 in the kidney within half a minute. The SUV dropped to 0.72 ± 0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.35 after 60 min of injection in the liver and kidney, respectively. After injection, kidney, liver, and pancreas exhibited high accumulation level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine, while brain, muscle, fat, and gonad showed low accumulation concentration, consistent with previous reports on thiamine distribution in mice. Within 90 min after injection, the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the brain of C57BL/6 mice with thiamine deficiency (TD) was 1.9 times higher than that in control mice, and was 3.1 times higher in ICR mice with TD than that in control mice. The AUC of the tracer in the brain of marmosets within 60 min was 29.33 ± 5.15 and negatively correlated with blood thiamine diphosphate levels (r = − 0.985, p = 0.015). Conclusion The 18F-deoxy-thiamine meets the requirements for ideal PET tracer for in vivo detecting the status of cerebral thiamine metabolism.

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Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03084-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guanghui An ◽

Jiongjiong Chen

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Color Variation ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Promoter Sequences ◽

Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. Result In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c. Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.

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Depositional setting and limiting factors of early Late Cretaceous glaucony formation: implications from Cenomanian glauconitic strata (Elbtal Group, Germany)

Facies ◽

10.1007/s10347-021-00627-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Markus Wilmsen ◽

Udita Bansal

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Time Scales ◽

Late Cretaceous ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Facies Types ◽

Facies Succession ◽

Early Late

AbstractCenomanian strata of the Elbtal Group (Saxony, eastern Germany) reflect a major global sea-level rise and contain, in certain intervals, a green authigenic clay mineral in abundance. Based on the integrated study of five new core sections, the environmental background and spatio-temporal patterns of these glauconitic strata are reconstructed and some general preconditions allegedly needed for glaucony formation are critically questioned. XRD analyses of green grains extracted from selected samples confirm their glauconitic mineralogy. Based on field observations as well as on the careful evaluation of litho- and microfacies, 12 glauconitc facies types (GFTs), broadly reflecting a proximal–distal gradient, have been identified, containing granular and matrix glaucony of exclusively intrasequential origin. When observed in stratigraphic succession, GFT-1 to GFT-12 commonly occur superimposed in transgressive cycles starting with the glauconitic basal conglomerates, followed up-section by glauconitic sandstones, sandy glauconitites, fine-grained, bioturbated, argillaceous and/or marly glauconitic sandstones; glauconitic argillaceous marls, glauconitic marlstones, and glauconitic calcareous nodules continue the retrogradational fining-upward trend. The vertical facies succession with upwards decreasing glaucony content demonstrates that the center of production and deposition of glaucony in the Cenomanian of Saxony was the nearshore zone. This time-transgressive glaucony depocenter tracks the regional onlap patterns of the Elbtal Group, shifting southeastwards during the Cenomanian 2nd-order sea-level rise. The substantial development of glaucony in the thick (60 m) uppermost Cenomanian Pennrich Formation, reflecting a tidal, shallow-marine, nearshore siliciclastic depositional system and temporally corresponding to only ~ 400 kyr, shows that glaucony formation occurred under wet, warm-temperate conditions, high accumulation rates and on rather short-term time scales. Our new integrated data thus indicate that environmental factors such as great water depth, cool temperatures, long time scales, and sediment starvation had no impact on early Late Cretaceous glaucony formation in Saxony, suggesting that the determining factors of ancient glaucony may be fundamentally different from recent conditions and revealing certain limitations of the uniformitarian approach.

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Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer as Analytic Targets for Nanomediated Imaging and Therapy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3083

Author(s):

Cristiana Maria Grapa ◽

Lucian Mocan ◽

Dana Crisan ◽

Mira Florea ◽

Teodora Mocan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Toxicity ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Tumor Stroma ◽

Chemotherapy Response ◽

Rising Incidence ◽

Tumor Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Ability

As the increase in therapeutic and imaging technologies is swiftly improving survival chances for cancer patients, pancreatic cancer (PC) still has a grim prognosis and a rising incidence. Practically everything distinguishing for this type of malignancy makes it challenging to treat: no approved method for early detection, extended asymptomatic state, limited treatment options, poor chemotherapy response and dense tumor stroma that impedes drug delivery. We provide a narrative review of our main findings in the field of nanoparticle directed treatment for PC, with a focus on biomarker targeted delivery. By reducing drug toxicity, increasing their tumor accumulation, ability to modulate tumor microenvironment and even improve imaging contrast, it seems that nanotechnology may one day give hope for better outcome in pancreatic cancer. Further conjugating nanoparticles with biomarkers that are overexpressed amplifies the benefits mentioned, with potential increase in survival and treatment response.

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UCNP@BSA@Ru nanoparticles with tumor-specific and NIR-triggered efficient PACT activity in vivo

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/d1dt00777g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Xusheng Guo ◽

Xuwen Da ◽

Yishan Yao ◽

Haihua Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Short Wavelength ◽

Ru Nanoparticles ◽

Wavelength Absorption ◽

Tumor Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Ability

Ru(II)-based photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agents are promising, however, the short wavelength absorption (generally < 550 nm) and poor tumor accumulation ability limit their in vivo applications. Herein bovine serum albumin...

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High Accumulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (ecNOS):A Gene Polymorphism in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000045069 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 360-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Keitaro Yokoyama ◽

Toshihiko Tsukada ◽

Hiroaki Matsuoka ◽

Sigeko Hara ◽

Akira Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

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Ligand-Mediated Assembly and Real-Time Cellular Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor α-Coactivator Complexes in Living Cells

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.21.13.4404-4412.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4404-4412 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

David L. Stenoien ◽

Anne C. Nye ◽

Maureen G. Mancini ◽

Kavita Patel ◽

Martin Dutertre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Real Time ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽

Steroid Receptor ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Living Cells ◽

Live Cells ◽

Creb Binding Protein ◽

High Accumulation

ABSTRACT Studies with live cells demonstrate that agonist and antagonist rapidly (within minutes) modulate the subnuclear dynamics of estrogen receptor α (ER) and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). A functional cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-taggedlac repressor-ER chimera (CFP-LacER) was used in live cells to discretely immobilize ER on stably integratedlac operator arrays to study recruitment of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-steroid receptor coactivators (YFP–SRC-1 and YFP-CREB binding protein [CBP]). In the absence of ligand, YFP–SRC-1 is found dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm, with a surprisingly high accumulation on the CFP-LacER arrays. Agonist addition results in the rapid (within minutes) recruitment of nucleoplasmic YFP–SRC-1, while antagonist additions diminish YFP–SRC-1–CFP-LacER associations. Less ligand-independent colocalization is observed with CFP-LacER and YFP-CBP, but agonist-induced recruitment occurs within minutes. The agonist-induced recruitment of coactivators requires helix 12 and critical residues in the ER–SRC-1 interaction surface, but not the F, AF-1, or DNA binding domains. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching indicates that YFP–SRC-1, YFP-CBP, and CFP-LacER complexes undergo rapid (within seconds) molecular exchange even in the presence of an agonist. Taken together, these data suggest a dynamic view of receptor-coregulator interactions that is now amenable to real-time study in living cells.

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Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000002768 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 43 (143) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

V.I. Morgan ◽

C.W. Wookey ◽

J. Li ◽

T.D. van Ommen ◽

W. Skinner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ice Core ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Ice Flow ◽

Ice Cap ◽

Basal Ice ◽

Inland Ice ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Initial Results ◽

The Last Glacial

AbstractThe aim of deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica, has been to exploit the special characteristics of Law Dome summit, i.e. low temperature and high accumulation near an ice divide, to obtain a high-resolution ice core for climatic/environmental studies of the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Drilling was completed in February 1993, when basal ice containing small fragments of rock was reached at a depth of 1196 m. Accurate ice dating, obtained by counting annual layers revealed by fine-detail δ18О, peroxide and electrical-conductivity measurements, is continuous down to 399 m, corresponding to a date of AD 1304. Sulphate concentration measurements, made around depths where conductivity tracing indicates volcanic fallout, allow confirmation of the dating (for Agung in 1963 and Tambora in 1815) or estimates of the eruption date from the ice dating (for the Kuwae, Vanuatu, eruption ~1457). The lower part of the core is dated by extrapolating the layer-counting using a simple model of the ice flow. At the LGM, ice-fabric measurements show a large decrease (250 to 14 mm2) in crystal size and a narrow maximum in c-axis vertically. The main zone of strong single-pole fabrics however, is located higher up in a broad zone around 900 m. Oxygen-isotope (δ18O) measurements show Holocene ice down to 1113 m, the LGM at 1133 m and warm (δ18O) about the same as Holocene) ice near the base of the ice sheet. The LGM/Holocene δ18O shift of 7.0‰, only ~1‰ larger than for Vostok, indicates that Law Dome remained an independent ice cap and was not overridden by the inland ice sheet in the Glacial.

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Modeling the density variation in the shallow firn layer

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756404781814988 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

H. Jay Zwally

Keyword(s):

Temperature Gradient ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Greenland Ice Sheet ◽

Densification Rate ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Overburden Pressure ◽

Annual Variations ◽

Transfer Processes ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Vapor Transfer

AbstractVapor-transfer theory is incorporated into a previous firn-densification model to investigate the effect of vapor-transfer processes on densification in firn within 10 m of the surface. The densification rate in the model is governed by the change of overburden pressure (determined by the accumulation rate), the firn temperature, and the temperature gradient. The time of exposure to temperature gradients at shallow depths is a critical factor determining the importance of vapor-transfer processes. In high-accumulation and high-temperature conditions such as for the Greenland ice sheet, the temperature gradient and vapor transfer are less important due to the shorter exposure times. The high summer temperatures dominate the rate of densification and annual variations in density. In low-accumulation and low-temperature conditions, such as for inland Antarctica, the vapor transfer driven by the temperature gradient has a stronger effect on the densification rate, and temperature-driven processes are less important. These factors determine both the rate of density increase with depth and the amplitudes of annual variations in density with depth.

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