Serum Protein Carbonyl Level Is Higher in AL Amyloidosis Patients Versus Healthy Controls – Evidence of Systemic Oxidative Stress

Abstract- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer. Since oxidative stress is believed to be one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in BCC formation, understanding the probable relation of inflammatory, oxidative factors, such as serum protein carbonyl and total antioxidant capacity, to BCC can help identify other pathogenic aspects of this tumor. Forty cases of BCC and forty cases of healthy controls without BCC or any other systemic disease were included in this study. After 5-ml venous blood samples were obtained from each patient, the separated serum fractions were stored at -70° C until analysis. Serum protein carbonyl level in the BCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls ((5.86±3.25 µM vs. 0.86±0.20 µM, P<0.001). The average serum total antioxidant capacity was 3.41±0.05 mM in the BCC group and 1.15±0.03 mM in the control group (statistically significant at P<001). Oxidative stress might play a role in the pathogenesis of BCC.

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Sustained Elevation of Systemic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Exacerbation and Remission of Asthma

ISRN Allergy ◽

10.1155/2013/561831 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Judith C. W. Mak ◽

Siu P. Ho ◽

Alice S. S. Ho ◽

Barbara K. W. Law ◽

Amy H. K. Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽

Valid Index ◽

Zymographic Analysis ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. We aimed at investigating the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in patients with asthma in acute exacerbation and remission. We recruited 18 asthmatics admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation and 18 healthy nonsmoking controls matched for age. We evaluated plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, C-reactive protein (CRP) and total matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 by ELISA, and MMP-9 activity by zymographic analysis. Plasma levels of 8-isoprostane and CRP were significantly elevated in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls. The activities of pro-MMP-9 were also significantly higher in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls in parallel to plasma levels of total MMP-9. These data suggest that overproduction of MMP-9 along with highly elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation is implicated in asthma exacerbation and that measurements of these biomarkers can be a valid index in its management.

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Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Is Marked by Systemic Oxidative Stress: A Pilot Study

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10122022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2022

Author(s):

Larissa E. van Eijk ◽

Adriana Tami ◽

Jan-Luuk Hillebrands ◽

Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen ◽

Martin H. de Borst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Critical Role ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Discriminative Performance ◽

Serum Free ◽

Free Thiol ◽

Systemic Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may therefore be considered as a relevant therapeutic target. Serum free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups) comprise a robust marker of systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, serum free thiol concentrations were measured in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were examined. Serum free thiol concentrations were measured colorimetrically (Ellman’s method) in 29 non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 30 age-, sex-, and body-mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls and analyzed for associations with clinical and biochemical disease parameters. Additional free thiol measurements were performed on seven serum samples from COVID-19 subjects who required hospitalization to examine their correlation with disease severity. Non-hospitalized subjects with COVID-19 had significantly lower concentrations of serum free thiols compared to healthy controls (p = 0.014), indicating oxidative stress. Serum free thiols were positively associated with albumin (St. β = 0.710, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with CRP (St. β = −0.434, p = 0.027), and showed significant discriminative ability to differentiate subjects with COVID-19 from healthy controls (AUC = 0.69, p = 0.011), which was slightly higher than the discriminative performance of CRP concentrations regarding COVID-19 diagnosis (AUC = 0.66, p = 0.042). This study concludes that systemic oxidative stress is increased in patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. This opens an avenue of treatment options since free thiols are amenable to therapeutic modulation.

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Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress

10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anitra C. Carr ◽

Emma Spencer ◽

Liane Dixon ◽

Steve Chambers

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Elevated Protein ◽

Vitamin C Supplementation ◽

Tract Infections

Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the intensive care unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and haematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, a marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs 56 ± 24 µmol/L, P <0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs 24 ± 14 µmol/L, P = 0.02). The total pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples form 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1-7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (P = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Due to the important roles that vitamin C plays in the immune system, low vitamin C status is possibly both a cause and a consequence of the disease. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.

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Systemic Oxidative Stress and Conversion to Dementia of Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/309507 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Carlo Cervellati ◽

Arianna Romani ◽

Davide Seripa ◽

Eleonora Cremonini ◽

Cristina Bosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Late Onset ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Prodromal Phase ◽

Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽

By Products

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a prodromal phase of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). It has been proposed that oxidative stress (OxS) might be implicated in the pathogenesis of LOAD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a redox imbalance measured as serum level of hydroperoxides (i.e., by-products of lipid peroxidation) and/or serum antioxidant capacity might be predictive of the clinical progression of MCI to LOAD. The levels of these two markers were measured in 111 patients with MCI (follow-up:2.0 ± 0.6years), 105 patients with LOAD, and 118 nondemented healthy controls. Multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities, showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in baseline levels of OxS in MCI and LOAD as compared to cognitive healthy controls. No differences in either of OxS markers were found by comparing MCI patients who converted (n = 29) or not converted (n = 82) to LOAD. Overall, these results suggest that systemic OxS might be a precocious feature of MCI and LOAD. However, the role of OxS as an early prognostic marker of progression to LOAD needs further investigations.

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Plasma Protein Oxidation and Triglyceride Levels in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.2578.2578 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 2578-2578

Author(s):

Yesim Oztas ◽

Selma Unal ◽

Nuriman Ozgunes

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Sickle Cell Anemia ◽

Protein Oxidation ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Lipid Balance

Abstract Abstract 2578 Poster Board II-555 Introduction: A mutant and unstable hemoglobin is characteristic in sickle cell anemia (SCA) with an increased formation of methemoglobin, hemichrome and haemin. Increased oxidative stress and altered lipid balance in the plasmas of SCA patients have been documented previously. Lower total plasma cholesterol (TC) and higher-than-avarage triglyceride (TG) levels have also been reported in SCA patients compared to healthy controls. Plasma phospholipids (PL) were normal or increased according to various studies. However, to our knowledge only a few reports documented the plasma protein oxidation in SCA patients. In this study protein oxidation, lipid levels, bilurubin levels and their probable correlation were investigated in the plasmas of SCA patients, carriers and healthy controls. Patient and Methods: 15 SCA patients, 10 carriers and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients had not been transfused and hospitalized and had no crisis for the last three months. The oxidation status of plasma and its proteins were detirmined by total sulfhydryl (T-SH) and protein carbonly levels respectively. TC, TG and bilurubin levels were detirmined in the plasma and PL levels were detirmined in the lipid extract from plasma. Results: SCA patients had lower T-SH levels compared to controls (p=0.003) and higher protein carbonyl levels compared to carriers (p=0.001) and healthy children (p=0.032). T-SH values were 417.41±77.90 μM, 457.46±106.26 μM, 522.59±77.18 μM and protein carbonyl levels were 0.93±0.15 nmol/mg protein, 0.74±0.08 nmol/mg protein , 0.82±0.05 nmol/mg protein for patients, carriers and controls respectively. Significantly lower mean TC levels than controls (p<0.0001) and higher TG levels than carriers (p=0.001) were observed in SCA patients. TC levels were 116.67±23.60, 127.53±22.40, 151.62±16.53 and TG levels were 89.31±23.50 mg/dl, 60.94±9.18 mg/dl, 82.96±21.06 mg/dl for patients, carriers and controls respectively. Phospholipid levels were not different between the groups. TG levels were positively correlated to protein carbonyl levels (p=0.002) and to bilirubin levels (p=0.033). Bilurubin levels and protein carbonyl levels are also positively correlated (p<0,0001). Conclusions: Alteration of lipid balance besides protein oxidation and hemolysis were observed in the plasmas of SCA patients compared to the carriers and healthy group. The positive correlation between total bilurubin, TG and carbonyl levels indicates that oxidative stress may affect the SCA plasma extensively, ie. lipids, proteins and erythrocytes are all affected. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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An Insight into Giant Cell Arteritis Pathogenesis: Evidence for Oxidative Stress and SIRT1 Downregulation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Alessandro Ianni ◽

Poonam Kumari ◽

Shahriar Tarighi ◽

Flavia Rita Argento ◽

Eleonora Fini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Giant Cell Arteritis ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

The Elderly ◽

Ros Production ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Sirt1 Expression ◽

Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽

Myocardial Infraction

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), medium and large vessel granulomatous vasculitis affecting the elderly, is characterized by a multitude of vascular complications, including venous thrombosis, myocardial infraction and stroke. The formation of granulomatous infiltrates and the enhanced accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines are typical features of this condition. The GCA pathogenesis remains largely unknown, but recent studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress, mainly sustained by an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immature neutrophils. On this basis, in the present study, we intended to evaluate, in GCA patients, the presence of systemic oxidative stress and possible alterations in the expression level of nuclear sirtuins, enzymes involved in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. Thirty GCA patients were included in the study and compared to 30 healthy controls in terms of leukocyte ROS production, oxidative stress and SIRT1 expression. Our results clearly indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) both in the ROS levels in the leukocyte fractions and plasma oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity) in the GCA patients compared to the healthy controls. In PBMCs from the GCA patients, a significant decrease in SIRT1 expression (p < 0.05) but not in SIRT6 and SIRT7 expression was found. Taken together, our preliminary findings indicate that, in GCA patients, plasma oxidative stress is paralleled by a reduced SIRT1 expression in PBMC. Further studies are needed to highlight if and how these alterations contribute to GCA pathogenesis.

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Impaired oxidative-antioxidative balance during migraine attack

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v6i2.522 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 2996-3002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alireza Khosravi ◽

Alireza Nakhaee ◽

Abdoreza Ghoreishi ◽

Zahra Arefpoor ◽

Masoud Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Stress Index ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Antioxidative Status ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Migraine Group

Background: Recent evidence has suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative-antioxidative status in sera of migraine patients from an Iranian population during migraine attacks. Methods: This study recruited 46 migraine patients with or without aura and 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The levels of protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidants status (TOS) were measured as the indicators of oxidative stress. The levels of total thiols (T-SH), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined as markers of antioxidant status. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by dividing TOS to TAC. Results: The serum levels of MDA (4.10 +/- 0.70 vs. 3.20 +/- 0.62, P = 0.003), TOS (18.46 +/- 4.06 vs. 16.21 +/- 3.67, P = 0.007) and OSI (1.54 +/- 0.60 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.46, P = 0.006) were significantly higher in migraine group compared to controls, however, no statistically significant differences of PC levels were found between migraine patients and controls (0.615 +/- 0.161 vs. 0.517 +/- 0.126, P = 0.1). In contrast, the levels of T-SH (273 +/- 51.71 vs. 310.88 +/- 53.32, P = 0.001), GSH (28.08 +/- 6.20 vs. 32.13 +/- 5.8, P = 0.002) and TAC (1.27 +/- 0.226 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.26, P = 0.01) were significantly lower in migraine patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study showed higher levels of oxidative stress and lower levels of antioxidant status in migraine group compared to controls, which indicates the possible role of oxidative stress in triggering migraine attacks.

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Cross-Sectional Associations between Dietary Daily Nicotinamide Intake and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Survivors, 2 to 10 Years Post-Diagnosis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3707

Author(s):

Wenbo Wu ◽

Martijn J. L. Bours ◽

Annaleen Koole ◽

Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis ◽

Simone J.P.M. Eussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Serum Protein ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Colorectal Cancer Survivors ◽

Patient Reported

Supplementation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors including dietary nicotinamide has been found to boost tissue NAD+ levels and ameliorate oxidative stress-induced damage that contributes to aging and aging-related diseases. The association between dietary NAD+ precursors and patient-reported health-related outcomes in cancer survivors has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine associations of dietary nicotinamide intake with different patient-reported outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors, 2 to 10 years post-diagnosis. A total of 145 eligible participants were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Dietary nicotinamide intake level was calculated based on data from 7-day food diaries. Fatigue was assessed with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), which is a subscale of the cancer-specific European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC), and anxiety and depression were assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Oxidative stress marker serum protein carbonyl contents and serum NAD+ levels were measured. A hierarchical linear regression model with confounder adjustment was performed to analyze the association of nicotinamide intake, serum protein carbonyl contents, and NAD+ levels with patient-reported outcomes. The median values of daily nicotinamide intake for male and female participants were 19.1 and 14.4 mg, respectively. Daily dietary nicotinamide intake was associated with a lower level of fatigue (β: −14.85 (−28.14, −1.56)) and a lower level of anxiety and depression (β: −4.69 (−8.55, −0.83)). Subgroup analyses by sex showed that a beneficial association between nicotinamide intake and patient-reported outcomes was mainly found in men. To conclude, our findings suggested that higher dietary NAD+ precursor nicotinamide intake was cross-sectionally associated with less patient-reported outcomes in CRC survivors.

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Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anitra C. Carr ◽

Emma Spencer ◽

Liane Dixon ◽

Stephen T. Chambers

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Vitamin C Supplementation ◽

Tract Infections

Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the Intensive Care Unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and hematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, an established marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs. 56 ± 24 µmol/L, p < 0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs. 24 ± 14 µmol/L, p = 0.02). The pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples from 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1–7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (p = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease excessive oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.

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