scholarly journals Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Is Marked by Systemic Oxidative Stress: A Pilot Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Larissa E. van Eijk ◽  
Adriana Tami ◽  
Jan-Luuk Hillebrands ◽  
Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen ◽  
Martin H. de Borst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Discriminative Performance ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Thiol ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may therefore be considered as a relevant therapeutic target. Serum free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups) comprise a robust marker of systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, serum free thiol concentrations were measured in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were examined. Serum free thiol concentrations were measured colorimetrically (Ellman’s method) in 29 non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 30 age-, sex-, and body-mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls and analyzed for associations with clinical and biochemical disease parameters. Additional free thiol measurements were performed on seven serum samples from COVID-19 subjects who required hospitalization to examine their correlation with disease severity. Non-hospitalized subjects with COVID-19 had significantly lower concentrations of serum free thiols compared to healthy controls (p = 0.014), indicating oxidative stress. Serum free thiols were positively associated with albumin (St. β = 0.710, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with CRP (St. β = −0.434, p = 0.027), and showed significant discriminative ability to differentiate subjects with COVID-19 from healthy controls (AUC = 0.69, p = 0.011), which was slightly higher than the discriminative performance of CRP concentrations regarding COVID-19 diagnosis (AUC = 0.66, p = 0.042). This study concludes that systemic oxidative stress is increased in patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. This opens an avenue of treatment options since free thiols are amenable to therapeutic modulation.

scholarly journals Serum Free Thiols Are Superior to Fecal Calprotectin in Reflecting Endoscopic Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno R. Bourgonje ◽  
Ruben Y. Gabriëls ◽  
Martin H. de Borst ◽  
Marian L. C. Bulthuis ◽  
Klaas Nico Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Thiol ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Serum free thiols (R-SH) reliably reflect systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive species. Here, we aimed to establish concentrations of serum free thiols in IBD and assessed their discriminating capacity regarding endoscopic disease activity. Albumin-adjusted serum free thiol concentrations were measured in 78 IBD patients (31 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 47 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) and 50 healthy controls and analyzed for associations with disease parameters and their discriminative value regarding endoscopic disease activity (n = 54) or fecal calprotectin (n = 36) in patients for which those data were available. Mean serum free thiol concentrations were significantly lower in both CD and UC as compared to healthy controls (19.4 ± 3.1 and 17.8 ± 3.4 vs. 21.1 ± 1.9 µmol/g albumin, P < 0.001). Free thiols highly accurately discriminated between mild and moderate-to-severe disease activity, better than fecal calprotectin (FC) levels (AUC = 0.87, P < 0.001 vs. AUC = 0.76, P < 0.05, respectively) and this was maintained after cross-validation (AUC = 0.89, P < 0.001). Serum free thiols are reduced in IBD as compared to healthy controls and strongly correlate with the degree of endoscopic disease activity. Quantifying systemic redox status in IBD may be a promising, minimally invasive strategy to monitor IBD disease activity.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Postmenopausal Women and Independently Associates with Homocysteine Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Arno R. Bourgonje ◽  
Amaal Eman Abdulle ◽  
Areej M. Al-Rawas ◽  
Muna Al-Maqbali ◽  
Mohsin Al-Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Thiol ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of developing CVD due to decreased estrogen availability, which is accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Serum free thiols (R-SH) provide a robust and powerful read-out of systemic oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to establish serum levels of free thiols and explore associations between free thiols and demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters related to obesity and the risk for developing CVD in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Serum free thiols were measured in a cohort consisting of healthy pre- (n = 223) and postmenopausal (n = 118) Omani women. Postmenopausal women had significantly lower levels of serum free thiols as compared to premenopausal women (762.9 ± 85.3 vs. 780 ± 80.9 μM, age-adjusted p < 0.001). Women′s age was positively associated with serum free thiol levels in premenopausal women (β = 0.36, p = 0.002), whereas an inverse association was observed in postmenopausal women (β = −0.29, p = 0.002). Homocysteine levels were significantly inversely associated with serum free thiol levels in both pre- (β = −0.19, p = 0.005) and postmenopausal (β = −0.20, p = 0.032) women, independent from known cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, we show that postmenopausal women are affected by increased systemic oxidative stress, which independently associates with homocysteine levels.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress, Aging and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in the General Female Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Bourgonje ◽  
Arno R. Bourgonje ◽  
Amaal E. Abdulle ◽  
Lyanne M. Kieneker ◽  
Sacha la Bastide-van Gemert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Thiol ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
End Stage

Introduction: Menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, in which oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Systemic oxidative stress is reflected by decreased levels of free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), which are key components of the extracellular antioxidant machinery. In this study, we investigated the relation between serum free thiols as marker of oxidative stress and the female cardiovascular phenotype, as well as potential associations with the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in pre- and postmenopausal women from the general population.Methods: Female participants (n = 2,980) of the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort study were included. Serum free thiol concentrations were analyzed for associations with demographic, clinical, biochemical, and gynecological parameters, as well as with menopausal status and, prospectively, with the risk of CV events.Results: Postmenopausal women had significantly reduced levels of serum free thiols (4.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.2 ± 1.0 μmol/g, P &lt; 0.001) compared to reproductive women. In multivariable analyses, serum free thiols were significantly associated with menopausal status (OR 0.70 [0.49–0.98], P = 0.039), even when adjusted for potential confounding factors, except for age (P = 0.550). Prospectively, serum free thiols were significantly associated with the risk of CV events (HR 0.52 [0.27–0.97], P = 0.040), even with covariate adjustment, although this disappeared when correcting for age.Conclusion: In this study, we revealed serum free thiols to be strongly associated with the female cardiovascular phenotype as well as with female risk of CV events, where the influence of age itself seemed to outweigh that of female menopause. Future studies are warranted to further unravel the clinical utility of serum free thiol levels in the context of female cardiovascular risk management.

scholarly journals Sustained Elevation of Systemic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Exacerbation and Remission of Asthma

ISRN Allergy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. W. Mak ◽  
Siu P. Ho ◽  
Alice S. S. Ho ◽  
Barbara K. W. Law ◽  
Amy H. K. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Valid Index ◽  
Zymographic Analysis ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. We aimed at investigating the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in patients with asthma in acute exacerbation and remission. We recruited 18 asthmatics admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation and 18 healthy nonsmoking controls matched for age. We evaluated plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, C-reactive protein (CRP) and total matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 by ELISA, and MMP-9 activity by zymographic analysis. Plasma levels of 8-isoprostane and CRP were significantly elevated in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls. The activities of pro-MMP-9 were also significantly higher in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls in parallel to plasma levels of total MMP-9. These data suggest that overproduction of MMP-9 along with highly elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation is implicated in asthma exacerbation and that measurements of these biomarkers can be a valid index in its management.

Evaluation of the oxidative stress level and serum prolidase activity in patients with sleep bruxism

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Ozcan-Kucuk ◽  
Bilal Ege ◽  
Mahmut Koparal ◽  
Ataman Gonel ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prolidase Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Aims and Objective: Sleep bruxism is a complicated disease, and its cause remains controversial.If the aetiology of bruxism is resolved, the treatment can be adjusted to the prevailing aetiological factor.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress level and serum prolidase activity in patients with sleep bruxism. Materials and Methods: Seventy healthy subjects and 51 patients with sleep bruxism were included in this study, and blood samples from all patients were collected. Serum samples were analysed for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and prolidase activity. Results: The prolidase,TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in patients with bruxism than in the healthy controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). The TAS level was significantly lower in bruxism patientsthan in the healthy controls (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The increased TOS, OSI and prolidase levels and decreased TAS levels could be assumed to result in oxidative injury in patients with sleep bruxism. However, the study could not determine whether oxidative imbalance and increased serum prolidase levels could be a cause or a result of bruxism.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress and Conversion to Dementia of Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cervellati ◽  
Arianna Romani ◽  
Davide Seripa ◽  
Eleonora Cremonini ◽  
Cristina Bosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
By Products

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a prodromal phase of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). It has been proposed that oxidative stress (OxS) might be implicated in the pathogenesis of LOAD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a redox imbalance measured as serum level of hydroperoxides (i.e., by-products of lipid peroxidation) and/or serum antioxidant capacity might be predictive of the clinical progression of MCI to LOAD. The levels of these two markers were measured in 111 patients with MCI (follow-up:2.0 ± 0.6years), 105 patients with LOAD, and 118 nondemented healthy controls. Multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities, showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in baseline levels of OxS in MCI and LOAD as compared to cognitive healthy controls. No differences in either of OxS markers were found by comparing MCI patients who converted (n = 29) or not converted (n = 82) to LOAD. Overall, these results suggest that systemic OxS might be a precocious feature of MCI and LOAD. However, the role of OxS as an early prognostic marker of progression to LOAD needs further investigations.

scholarly journals An Insight into Giant Cell Arteritis Pathogenesis: Evidence for Oxidative Stress and SIRT1 Downregulation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ianni ◽  
Poonam Kumari ◽  
Shahriar Tarighi ◽  
Flavia Rita Argento ◽  
Eleonora Fini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sirt1 Expression ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Infraction

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), medium and large vessel granulomatous vasculitis affecting the elderly, is characterized by a multitude of vascular complications, including venous thrombosis, myocardial infraction and stroke. The formation of granulomatous infiltrates and the enhanced accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines are typical features of this condition. The GCA pathogenesis remains largely unknown, but recent studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress, mainly sustained by an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immature neutrophils. On this basis, in the present study, we intended to evaluate, in GCA patients, the presence of systemic oxidative stress and possible alterations in the expression level of nuclear sirtuins, enzymes involved in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. Thirty GCA patients were included in the study and compared to 30 healthy controls in terms of leukocyte ROS production, oxidative stress and SIRT1 expression. Our results clearly indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) both in the ROS levels in the leukocyte fractions and plasma oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity) in the GCA patients compared to the healthy controls. In PBMCs from the GCA patients, a significant decrease in SIRT1 expression (p < 0.05) but not in SIRT6 and SIRT7 expression was found. Taken together, our preliminary findings indicate that, in GCA patients, plasma oxidative stress is paralleled by a reduced SIRT1 expression in PBMC. Further studies are needed to highlight if and how these alterations contribute to GCA pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Lowered Plasma-Free Thiol Levels

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Lisanne Boekhoud ◽  
Jacqueline Koeze ◽  
Elisabeth C. van der Slikke ◽  
Arno R. Bourgonje ◽  
Jill Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Free Thiol ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with the abrupt loss of kidney function. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Free thiols (R-SH) are crucial components of the extracellular antioxidant machinery and reliably reflect systemic oxidative stress. Lower levels of thiols represent higher levels of oxidative stress. In this preliminary study, we hypothesized that plasma-free thiols are associated with AKI upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, 301 critically ill patients were included. Plasma samples were taken upon admission, and albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were determined. Albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were lower in patients with AKI (n = 43, median (interquartile range) 7.28 µmol/g (3.52, 8.95)) compared to patients without AKI (8.50 μmol/g (5.82, 11.28); p < 0.05) upon admission to the ICU. Higher age (B = −0.72), higher levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (B = −0.002), creatinine (B = −0.01) and lower serum albumin (B = 0.47) were associated with lower free thiol levels. Further, albumin-adjusted free thiol levels were significantly reduced in patients with sepsis (8.30 (5.52–10.64) µmol/g) compared to patients without sepsis (6.95 (3.72–8.92) µmol/g; p < 0.05). Together, albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were significantly reduced in patients with AKI and patients with sepsis compared with patients without AKI and sepsis.

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of F2-Isoprostanes and 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hemodialysis Patients in Relation to Inflammation and Renal Anemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Wiswedel ◽  
Daniela Peter ◽  
Andreas Gardemann ◽  
Francesco Carluccio ◽  
Hannelore Hampl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Anemia ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Heart Insufficiency ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Routine Assay ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are apparently exposed to enhanced oxidative stress and to inflammation. It was the aim of this study to characterize the state of systemic oxidative stress of ESRD patients before and following HD using highly specific biomarkers, F2-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Furthermore the question should be answered, if there are associations between inflammation and systemic oxidative stress and/or between systemic oxidative stress and renal anemia, which is more or less typical for HD patients. Patients and methods Concentrations of F2-isoprostanes, HNE, C-reactive protein (CRP) as marker of inflammation, and hemoglobin were measured in serum samples of patients with ESRD before and after HD and of healthy control persons for comparison. Total (esterified plus free) F2-isoprostanes were quantified by highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, HNE by thin layer chromatography and HPLC/UV detection, CRP by immunoturbidimetry and hemoglobin by clinico-chemical routine assay. Results 1. HD patients showed significantly higher serum concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and HNE than healthy human control subjects. 2. Total (esterified plus free) F2-isoprostane levels before HD were not significantly different from those after HD, whereas HNE levels were significantly decreased in patients after HD. 3. F2-isoprostane concentrations in HD patients correlated with the levels of CRP, whereas HNE concentrations inversely correlated with the content of hemoglobin. Conclusion Both, F2-isoprostanes and HNE serum concentrations are useful oxidative stress parameters in ESRD patients undergoing HD. Whereas HNE strongly correlates with the severity of renal anemia, leading to left heart insufficiency, F2-isoprostanes (sum of free plus esterified) highly correlate with the degree of inflammation.

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