Improving wear resistance of cBN-based cutting tools using TiN coating on cBN powder surface

This article deals with improving the wear resistance of multilayer coatings as a fundamental problem in metal surface treatment, strengthening elements of cutting tools, and ensuring the reliability of machine parts. It aims to evaluate the wear depth for multilayer coatings by the mass loss distribution in layers. The article’s primary purpose is to develop a mathematical method for assessing the value of wear for multilayer steel-based coatings. The study material is a multilayer coating applied to steel DIN C80W1. The research was performed using up-to-date laboratory equipment. Nitrogenchroming has been realized under overpressure in two successive stages: nitriding for 36 h at temperature 540 °C and chromizing during 4 h at temperature 1050 °C. The complex analysis included several options: X-ray phase analysis, local micro-X-ray spectral analysis, durometric analysis, and determination of wear resistance. These analyses showed that after nitrogenchroming, the three-layer protective coating from Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and Cr2N was formed on the steel surface. Spectral analysis indicated that the maximum amount of chromium 92.2% is in the first layer from Cr23C6. The maximum amount of carbon 8.9% characterizes the layer from Cr7C3. Nitrogen is concentrated mainly in the Cr2N layer, and its maximum amount is 9.4%. Additionally, it was determined that the minimum wear is typical for steel DIN C80W1 after nitrogenchroming. The weight loss of steel samples by 25 mg was obtained. This value differs by 3.6% from the results evaluated analytically using the developed mathematical model of wear of multilayer coatings after complex metallization of steel DIN C80W1. As a result, the impact of the loading mode on the wear intensity of steel was established. As the loading time increases, the friction coefficient of the coated samples decreases. Among the studied samples, plates from steel DIN C80W1 have the lowest friction coefficient after nitrogenchroming. Additionally, a linear dependence of the mass losses on the wearing time was obtained for carbide and nitride coatings. Finally, an increase in loading time leads to an increase in the wear intensity of steels after nitrogenchroming. The achieved scientific results are applicable in developing methods of chemical-thermal treatment, improving the wear resistance of multilayer coatings, and strengthening highly loaded machine parts and cutting tools.

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Wear Resistance of (Ti,Al)N Metallic Coatings for Extremal Working Conditions

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11020157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Jarosław Mikuła ◽

Daniel Pakuła ◽

Ludwina Żukowska ◽

Klaudiusz Gołombek ◽

Antonín Kříž

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Tool Life ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Hard Coatings ◽

Metallographic Analysis ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Tool Materials ◽

Coated Materials ◽

Wide Range

The article includes research results for the functional properties achieved for a wide range of sintered tool materials, including sintered carbides, cermets and three types of Al2O3 oxide tool ceramics ((Al2O3 + ZrO2, Al2O3 + TiC and Al2O3 + SiC(w)) with (Ti,Al)N coating deposited in the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE-PVD) method and comparison with uncoated tool materials. For all coated samples, a uniform wear pattern on tool shank was observed during metallographic analysis. Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) metallographic analysis, it was found that the most common types of tribological defects identified in tested materials are: mechanical defects and abrasive wear of the tool side, crater formation on the tool face, cracks on the tool side, chipping on the cutting edge and built-up edge from chip fragments. Deposition of (Ti,Al)N coating on all tested substrates increases the wear resistance and also limits the exceeding of critical levels of permanent stresses. It even increases the tool life many times over. Such a significant increase in tool life results, among other things, from a large increase in microhardness of PVD coated materials compared to uncoated samples, increased resistance to thermal and chemical abrasion, improved chip formation and removal process conditions. Use of hard coatings applied to sintered tool materials is considered to be one of the most important achievements in improving the functional properties of cutting tools and can still be developed by improving the coating structure solutions (sorted and nanocrystalline structures) and extending the range of coating applications (Ti,Al)N in a variety of substrates.

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Cutting Performance and Wear Mechanism of Si3N4-Based Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.324 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 443 ◽

pp. 324-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Zou ◽

Chuan Zhen Huang ◽

Han Lian Liu ◽

Jin Peng Song

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Wear Mechanism ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Cutting Performance ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Ceramic Tool ◽

Tool Materials ◽

High Cutting Speed ◽

The Matrix

Si3N4/TiN nanocomposite tool and Si3N4/Ti(C7N3) nanocomposite tool were prepared. The cutting performance and wear mechanism of Si3N4-based nanocomposite ceramic tool was investigated by comparison with a commercial sialon ceramic tool in machining of 45 steel. Si3N4-based nanocomposite ceramic tool exhibits the better wear resistance than sialon at the relatively high cutting speed. The increased cutting performance of Si3N4-based nanocomposite ceramic tool is ascribed to the higher mechanical properties. Nano-particles can refine the matrix grains and improve the bonding strength among the matrix grains of Si3N4-based nanocomposite ceramic tool materials. It contributes to an improved wear resistance of the cutting tools during machining.

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Pulsed electron-beam treatment of WC–TiC–Co hard-alloy cutting tools: wear resistance and microstructural evolution

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00569-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (1-3) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Y.F. Ivanov ◽

V.P. Rotshtein ◽

D.I. Proskurovsky ◽

P.V. Orlov ◽

K.N. Polestchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Hard Alloy ◽

Microstructural Evolution ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Electron Beam Treatment ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Tools Wear

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Performance characteristics of steel 1.2842 after nitridation

Science & Military ◽

10.52651/sam.a.2021.1.43-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Michal Krbaťa ◽

◽

Jana Escherová ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽

Structure Thickness ◽

Pin On Disc

The paper deals with the change in mechanical properties and wear of 1.2842 universal tool steel after plasma nitriding, which is widely used to produce cutting tools with good durability and low operating costs. Plasma nitriding was performed at a temperature of 500 °C for 10-hour period in a standard N2 /H2 atmosphere with 1:3 gases ratio. Microstructure, phase structure, thickness of a nitriding layer and surface roughness of samples were measured with optical microscopes and a profilometer. Verification of a chemical composition was carried out on the BAS TASMAN Q4 device. Wear resistance was measured on a universal TRIBOLAB UTM 3 tribometer, through a, “pin on disc“ method. The results of experiments have shown that plasma nitriding process, significantly improves the mechanical and tribological properties of selected materials.

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Tribological properties of ion-modified composite coatings

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2059/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2059 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

M Sh Migranov ◽

A M Migranov ◽

S R Shekhtman

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Tool Life ◽

High Speed ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

High Speed Steel ◽

Hard Coating ◽

Ion Nitriding ◽

Additional Layer ◽

Nitrided Surface

Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of one of the ways to increase the wear resistance of “duplex” coatings applied to cutting tools, which are due to preliminary diffusion saturation of the tool surface with nitrogen (known as ion nitriding) followed by physical deposition of a hard coating (Ti, Cr) N. The proposed coating also contains an additional layer with an impurity of ions, deposited on a preliminary nitrided surface of high speed steel before the deposition of a hard coating. Tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of these modified layers on the tool life of the HSS tool. The greatest wear resistance after "triplex" - treatment was achieved during ion implantation of titanium into a pre-nitrided surface. The coefficient of friction of the modified layer was studied at different contact temperatures. Ionic mixing contributes to the appearance of a thin surface layer with an amorphous-like structure, which prolongs the stage of normal wear, which significantly increases the tool life as a result of the self-organization process.

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Reamers cutting edge preparation for improvement the GGG 40 machining

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201817801014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 178 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Ioan-Doru Voina ◽

Stefan Sattel ◽

Glad Contiu ◽

Adrian Faur ◽

Bogdan Luca

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Abrasive Jet Machining ◽

Edge Wear ◽

Solid Carbide ◽

Cutting Edge Preparation ◽

Machining Strategies ◽

Edge Preparation

The improvement of the microgeometry became a subject of a great interest in cutting tools optimization. This paper approaches the process of cutting edge preparation of solid carbide reamers. It has been analyzed the evolution of cutting edge wear resistance in the material GGG 40 using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The work also compared the rounded cutting edge reamers realized using wet abrasive jet machining with standard unprepared cutting edge. To obtain different microgeometries were experienced a number of machining strategies, which resulted in four combinations of roundness and forms for the cutting edge. In order to validate the results, the author studied the wear resistance during the reaming tests, the influence of prepared surface of the cutting edge on metallic coating layer adhesion. The final purpose was to determinate the optimal strategy of cutting edge preparation considering the evolution of wear during the reaming process.

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Wear Behaviour of Two Different Cemented Carbide Grades in Turning 316 L Stainless Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 2367-2372 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Saketi ◽

Ulf Bexell ◽

Jonas Östby ◽

Mikael Olsson

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Cemented Carbide ◽

Wear Behaviour ◽

Binder Phase ◽

Mechanical Wear ◽

Cutting Insert

Cemented carbides are the most common cutting tools for machining various grades of steels. In this study, wear behavior of two different cemented carbide grades with roughly the same fraction of binder phase and carbide phase but different grain size, in turning austenitic stainless steel is investigated. Wear tests were carried out against 316L stainless steel at 180 and 250 m/min cutting speeds.The worn surface of cutting tool is characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and 3D optical profiler.The wear of cemented carbide in turning stainless steel is controlled by both chemical and mechanical wear. Plastic deformation, grain fracture and chemical wear is observed on flank and rake face of the cutting insert. In the case of fine-grained, the WC grains has higher surface contact with the adhered material which promotes higher chemical reaction and degradation of WC grains, so chemical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are larger. The hardness of cemented carbide increase linearly by decreasing grain size, therefore mechanical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are smaller.

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