Time to integrate biotechnological approaches into fish gut microbiome research

2022 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Gian Marco Luna ◽  
Grazia Marina Quero ◽  
Fotini Kokou ◽  
Konstantinos Kormas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Fish Gut

Gut Feeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
C. Cotta ◽  
G. Jesus ◽  
V. Vila Nova ◽  
C. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mental disorders. Gut microbiota, influenced by environmental factors such as diet and stress, has been proposed as one of the players on a dynamic called gut-brain axis, which is thought to have an influence on behaviour and mental health.Objectives and aimsTo summarize recent evidence on the topic, and its potential role in psychiatric interventions.MethodsThe authors review updated literature collected from online scientific databases.ResultsThe development of the brain itself has been shown to be influenced by the gut microbiome. Research demonstrates that the composition of the microbiota has influence on behaviour through neuroendocrine and other neuroactive messengers production by the bacteria within the gut lumen. Studies in germ-free animals, animals exposed to bacterial infections, probiotic suplements or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. The gut microbiome has been implicated in brain disorders including anxiety and depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism.ConclusionsThe treatment of mental disorders is usually based on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and little attention is given to dietary interventions. The emerging field of research focused on the human microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain development, behaviour and mood in humans, and points new strategies for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Gut Microbiome, Obesity, and Weight Control in Women’s Reproductive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leigh Greathouse ◽  
Mary Ann Faucher ◽  
Marie Hastings-Tolsma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Brain

The microbes residing in the human gut, referred to as the microbiome, are intricately linked to energy homeostasis and subsequently obesity. Integral to the origins of obesity, the microbiome is believed to affect not only health of the human gut but also overall health. This microbiome–obesity association is mediated through the process of energy extraction, metabolism, and cross talk between the brain and the gut microbiome. Host exposures, including diet, that potentially modify genetic predisposition to obesity and affect weight management are reviewed. The higher prevalence of obesity among women and recent evidence linking obesity during pregnancy with offspring health make this topic particularly relevant. Current limitations in microbiome research to address obesity and future advances in this field are described. Applications of this science with respect to applied nursing and overall health care in general are included, with emphasis on the reproductive health of women and their offspring.

Dynamics of the Preterm Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain C Cuna ◽  
Michael J Morowitz ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
Shahid Umar ◽  
Venkatesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health And Disease

Advances in metagenomics have allowed a detailed study of the gut microbiome, and its role in human health and disease. Infants born prematurely possess a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is vulnerable to perturbation. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants are linked to life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset sepsis; and may impact future risk of asthma, atopy, obesity, and psychosocial disease. In this mini review, we summarize recent literature on the origins and patterns of development of the preterm gut microbiome in the perinatal period. The host-microbiome-environmental factors that portend development of dysbiotic intestinal microbial patterns associated with NEC and sepsis are reviewed. Strategies to manipulate the microbiome and mitigate dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics and prebiotics will also be discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges and future directions of gut microbiome research in preterm infants.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals Evidence supporting the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 20200430
Author(s):  
Morgan C. Slevin ◽  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
David J. Bradshaw ◽  
Rindy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Development

Recent research in mammals supports a link between cognitive ability and the gut microbiome, but little is known about this relationship in other taxa. In a captive population of 38 zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we quantified performance on cognitive tasks measuring learning and memory. We sampled the gut microbiome via cloacal swab and quantified bacterial alpha and beta diversity. Performance on cognitive tasks related to beta diversity but not alpha diversity. We then identified differentially abundant genera influential in the beta diversity differences among cognitive performance categories. Though correlational, this study provides some of the first evidence of an avian microbiota–gut–brain axis, building foundations for future microbiome research in wild populations and during host development.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Divergence and Environment Influence the Gut Microbiome in Oregon Threespine Stickleback

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steury ◽  
Currey ◽  
Cresko ◽  
Bohannan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Combine Population ◽  
Natural Ecology

Much of animal-associated microbiome research has been conducted in species for which little is known of their natural ecology and evolution. Microbiome studies that combine population genetic, environment, and geographic data for wild organisms can be very informative, especially in situations where host genetic variation and the environment both influence microbiome variation. The few studies that have related population genetic and microbiome variation in wild populations have been constrained by observation-based kinship data or incomplete genomic information. Here we integrate population genomic and microbiome analyses in wild threespine stickleback fish distributed throughout western Oregon, USA. We found that gut microbiome diversity and composition partitioned more among than within wild host populations and was better explained by host population genetic divergence than by environment and geography. We also identified gut microbial taxa that were most differentially abundant across environments and across genetically divergent populations. Our findings highlight the benefits of studies that investigate host-associated microbiomes in wild organisms.

scholarly journals The Oral and Gut Bacterial Microbiomes: Similarities, Differences, and Connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Maki ◽  
Narjis Kazmi ◽  
Jennifer J. Barb ◽  
Nancy Ames
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Microbiome Research

Background: The oral cavity is associated with local and systemic diseases, although oral samples are not as commonly studied as fecal samples in microbiome research. There is a gap in understanding between the similarities and differences in oral and gut microbiomes and how they may influence each other. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted comparing oral and gut microbiome communities in healthy humans. Results: Ten manuscripts met inclusion criteria and were examined. The oral microbiome sites demonstrated great variance in differential bacterial abundance and the oral microbiome had higher alpha diversity as compared to the gut microbiome. Studies using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis resulted in overall community differences between the oral and gut microbiomes when beta diversity was analyzed. Shotgun metagenomics sequencing increased taxonomic resolution to strain level (intraspecies) and demonstrated a greater percentage of shared taxonomy and oral bacterial translocation to the gut microbiome community. Discussion: The oral and gut microbiome bacterial communities may be more similar than earlier research has suggested, when species strain is analyzed through shotgun metagenomics sequencing. The association between oral health and systemic diseases has been widely reported but many mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. Although future research is needed, the oral microbiome may be a novel interventional target through its downstream effects on the gut microbiome. As nurse scientists are experts in symptom characterization and phenotyping of patients, they are also well posed to lead research on the connection of the oral microbiome to the gut microbiome in health and disease.

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