Reducing endogenous estrogen during development alters hormone production by porcine Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeman E. At-Taras ◽  
In Cheul Kim ◽  
Trish Berger ◽  
Alan Conley ◽  
Janet F. Roser
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Endogenous Estrogen

"STEROID-CELL" ANTIBODY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kamp ◽  
Per Platz ◽  
Jørn Nerup
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

ABSTRACT By means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 116 patients with Addison's disease, an equal number of age and sex matched controls and 97 patients with other endocrine diseases were examined for the occurrence of antibody to steroid-producing cells in ovary, testis and adrenal cortex. Fluorescent staining was observed in the theca cells of growing follicles, the theca lutein cells, testicular Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells, i. e. cells which contain enzyme systems used in steroid hormone production. The "steroid-cell" antibody was present in 24 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, equally frequent in males and females, and in 17 % of the patients with tuberculous Addison's disease, but was rarely found in controls, including patients with other endocrine diseases. Female hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism made an exception, since the "steroid-cell" antibody was found in about half the cases with this condition.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

A review of drug-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat and some comparisons with man

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Prentice ◽  
AW Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Func Tion

This paper describes control of normal Leydig cell func tion and testosterone production. The macroscopic and histopathological appearances of spontaneous Leydig cell hyperplasias and tumors (LCT) in the rat are reviewed together with their incidence and hormonal status. Drugs which induce LCTs in chronic studies are discussed and include busereline, carbamazepine, cimetidine, finas teride, flutamide, gemfibrozil, histrelin, hydralazine, indomethacin, isradipine, lactitol, leuprolide, metronida zole, mesulergine, nafarelin, norprolac and vidarabine. The known mechanisms of LCT induction in the rat are reviewed together with other possible etiological factors. The incidence, clinical picture and etiological factors of LCTs in man are also surveyed. Hormone production in Leydig cells and LCTs in rats and man are compared. Differences between the two species are considered, par ticularly with regard to Leydig cell control mechanisms. The paper concludes that drug-induced LCTs in rats are most probably not predictive for man and their occurrence has little relevance in human safety assessment.

Sex chimaerism, fertility and sex determination in the mouse

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Patek ◽  
J.B. Kerr ◽  
R.G. Gosden ◽  
K.W. Jones ◽  
K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coelomic Epithelium

Adult intraspecific mouse chimaeras, derived by introducing male embryonal stem cells into unsexed host blastocysts, were examined to determine whether gonadal sex was correlated with the sex chromosome composition of particular cell lineages. The fertility of XX in equilibrium XY and XY in equilibrium XY male chimaeras was also compared. The distribution of XX and XY cells in 34 XX in equilibrium XY ovaries, testes and ovotestes was determined by in situ hybridisation using a Y-chromosome-specific probe. Both XX and XY cells were found in all gonadal somatic tissues but Sertoli cells were predominantly XY and granulosa cells predominantly XX. The sex chromosome composition of the tunica albuginea and testicular surface epithelium could not, in general, be fully resolved, owing to diminished hybridisation efficiency in these tissues, but the ovarian surface epithelium (which like the testicular surface epithelium derives from the coelomic epithelium) was predominantly XX. These findings show that the claim that Sertoli cells were exclusively XY, on which some previous models of gonadal sex determination were based, was incorrect, and indicate instead that in the mechanism of Sertoli cell determination there is a step in which XX cells can be recruited. However, it remains to be established whether the sex chromosome constitution of the coelomic epithelium lineage plays a causal role in gonadal sex determination. Male chimaeras with XX in equilibrium XY testes were either sterile or less fertile than chimaeras with testes composed entirely of XY cells. This impaired fertility was associated with the loss of XY germ cells in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Since this progressive lesion was correlated with a high proportion of XX Leydig cells, we suggest that XX Leydig cells are functionally defective, and unable to support spermatogenesis.

Inhibitory Effect of Tributyltin on Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes in Mouse Testis

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suel-Kee Kim ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
Yong-Dal Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Tributyltin (TBT) is known to disrupt the development of reproductive organs, thereby reducing fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of TBT on the testicular development and steroid hormone production. Immature (3-week-old) male mice were given a single administration of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of TBT by oral gavage. Lumen formation in seminiferous tubule was remarkably delayed, and the number of apoptotic germ cells found inside the tubules was increased in the TBT-exposed animals, whereas no apoptotic signal was observed in interstitial Leydig cells. Reduced serum testosterone concentration and down-regulated expressions of the mRNAs for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (P45017α), 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) were also observed after TBT exposure. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that exposure to TBT is associated with induced apoptosis of testicular germ cells and inhibition of steroidogenesis by reduction in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in interstitial Leydig cells. These adverse effects of TBT would cause serious defects in testicular development and function.

HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL HUMAN TESTES

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. BAILLIE ◽  
W. S. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

SUMMARY 3α-, 3β-, 11β-, 16β-, 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases have been localized histochemically in the Leydig cells of prepubertal and adult human testes; 3α-, 16β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were present in the seminiferous tubules also. A similar pattern was found in cryptorchid testes. In addition 3β-sulphoxy steroids, including DHA sulphate, gave a good colour reaction in human Leydig cells. Testes from oestrogen-treated subjects had no histochemically demonstrable hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and this applied also to infarcted testes. Testes from a case of Klinefelter's syndrome were found to lack 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the Leydig cells. The biochemical significance of these results is discussed.

scholarly journals Microscopic Features of Gonadally Inactive Testis of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Papia Khatun ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Shonkor Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
One Year ◽  
Khaki Campbell Ducks ◽  
First Time

The microscopic features of the testis were studied in gonadally inactive Khaki Campbell duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy & Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Five adult healthy birds of one-year-old were used for this study. The testes were collected immediately after ethical killing of the birds for histological observations. The collected tissue samples were then processed and stained with Hematoxylene & Eosin (H & E) stain for histological observations. The seminiferous tubules showed considerable involution with cessation of spermatogenesis. The basal lamina of the seminiferous tubules was irregular in outline and was invaginated into the germinal epithelium in the form of finger-like plicae or folds. Most of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules was empty and all generation of germ cells were not present in most of the seminifeous tubules. The interstitium showed a relative increase in volume and interstitial tissue consisted of loose connective tissue, interstitial cells (Leydig cells), few connective cells and blood vessels. This study first time described the microscopic features of testis of Khaki Campbell ducks in Bangladesh during inactive phases of the reproductive cycle.

Carcinoma of the Horn in a Cryptorchid Bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Naik ◽  
H.P. Randelia ◽  
R.D Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Significant Difference

The first histologically confirmed case of carcinoma of the horn in a bilaterally cryptorchid Malvi bull, detected during an epidemiological survey, is reported. Examinations of 78,024 bullocks and 1,468 bulls, belonging to 7 different Zebu breeds revealed horn cancer in 793 bullocks and 1 cryptorchid bull but not in a normal bull. Histologically cryptorchid testes were devoid of spermatogenesis and had hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The remnant of castrated testes had only seminiferous tubules with coagulative necrosis and were devoid of spermatogenesis and Leydig cells. The significant difference in the incidence of HC in bullocks and cows and its absence in bulls is discussed in the light of the role of hormone in the causation of HC.

scholarly journals Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Development and Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Park ◽  
J. Larry Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Main Cell

The embryonic gonad is undifferentiated in males and females until a critical stage when the sex chromosomes dictate its development as a testis or ovary. This binary developmental process provides a unique opportunity to delineate the molecular pathways that lead to distinctly different tissues. The testis comprises three main cell types: Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. The Sertoli cells and germ cells reside in seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs. The Leydig cells populate the interstitial compartment and produce testosterone. The ovary also comprises three main cell types: granulosa cells, theca cells, and oocytes. The oocytes are surrounded by granulosa and theca cells in follicles that grow and differentiate during characteristic reproductive cycles. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways that regulate the distinct differentiation of these cell types in the developing testis and ovary. In particular, we focus on the transcription factors that initiate these cascades. Although most of the early insights into the sex determination pathway were based on human mutations, targeted mutagenesis in mouse models has revealed key roles for genes not anticipated to regulate gonadal development. Defining these molecular pathways provides the foundation for understanding this critical developmental event and provides new insight into the causes of gonadal dysgenesis.

Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of a histone H1 variant from the mouse testis

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
B.K. Rasheed ◽  
E.C. Whisenant ◽  
R.D. Ghai ◽  
V.E. Papaioannou ◽  
Y.M. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Early Primary

An H1 histone variant, H1a, has been isolated and purified from the mouse testis. Biochemical and amino acid analyses indicate its similarity with the rat testis H1a. Specific antibodies against the purified H1a have been generated in rabbits and used to study its tissue and species distribution using protein blotting procedures. We have also used the immunocytochemical technique to determine in situ distribution of H1a in spermatogenic cells and somatic tissues of the mouse. A non-random distribution of H1a has been noted in the nuclei of certain somatic cell types such as Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and neurons. By contrast, hepatocyte nuclei lacked detectable levels of H1a. In adult seminiferous tubules, the early primary spermatocyte nuclei displayed a greater level of immunoreactivity relative to other cell types. Developmental studies indicate its initial expression in the 7-day-old mouse testis concomitant with the appearance of intermediate and type B spermatogonia.

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