Institutions and performance of regulated firms: Evidence from electricity distribution in India

Efficient and uninterrupted energy supply plays a crucial role in the quality of modern daily life, while it is obvious that the efficiency and performance of energy supply companies has a significant impact on energy supply itself and on determining and finetuning the future roadmap of the sector. In this study, the performance and efficiency of energy supply companies with respect to productivity is investigated with reference to a case study of an electricity distribution company in Turkey. The factors affecting the company’s performance and their corresponding weight have been determined and obtained using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Fuzzy AHP methods, two well-known multi-criteria decision-making methods, which are widely used in the literature. The results help demonstrate that the criteria obtained to evaluate the company’s energy supply performance play a crucial role in developing strategies, policies and action plans to achieve continuous improvement and consistent development.

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أثر دور الحوافز المادية والمعنوية في تحسين أداء العاملين في شركة الكهرباء- محافظات غزة

مجلة كلية فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث والدراسات ◽

10.47641/jrs.2016-3-1.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 106-135

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Electricity Distribution ◽

Distribution Company ◽

Study Population ◽

Job Title ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الحوافز المادية والمعنوية في تحسين أداء العاملين في شركة الكهرباء -محافظات غزة. وقد استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ لمناسبة هذا المنهج لمثل هذا النوع من الدراسات. وقد تكون مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين في شركة توزيع الكهرباء- محافظات غزة. وقد قام الباحثون باستخدام طريقة العينة العشوائية ، حيث تم توزيع (150) استبانة على عينة الدراسة وقد تم استرداد ((144 استبانة بنسبة استرداد (96%). وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج الآتية : وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05 ≤ α) بين الحوافز المادية وأداء العاملين في شركة توزيع الكهرباء – محافظات غزة. وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05 ≤ α) بين الحوافز المعنوية وأداء العاملين في شركة توزيع الكهرباء – محافظات غزة. وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05 ≤ α) بين الإنصاف في الحوافز المادية والمعنوية وأداء العاملين في شركة توزيع الكهرباء محافظات غزة. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0.05 ≤ α) بين الحوافز وأداء العاملين في شركة توزيع الكهرباء محافظات غزة تعزى للمتغيرات التالية (العمر، المؤهل العلمي ، المسمى الوظيفي). بينما يوجد فروق تعزى لسنوات الخبرة.توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة توصيات أهمها: ضرورة أن تهتم الشركة بزيادة المكافآت المادية لتحسين المردود الأدنى للعاملين فيها. تشجيع العاملين في حال تحقيق الأهداف المطلوبة وذلك بمنحهم العمولات على ذلك. العمل على تقديم مزايا معنوية إضافية للعاملين لتحفيزهم على العمل. الاهتمام بتنمية روح التقدير والاحترام بين العاملين لتحفيزهم على العمل. ضرورة السعي لتحقيق الإنصاف في منح الحوافز المعنوية والمادية للعاملين. ضرورة اتباع نظام حوافز وترقيات عادل من خلال التدرج الوظيفي. Abstract The study aimed to identify The impact of material and moral incentives on the performance of employees in the provinces of Gaza electricity distribution company . Study Method:The researchers used the descriptive analytical method; the most appropriate approach for the study.The study population: 150employees at Gaza electricity distribution company.The study sample: The researchers used Random Sampling Method, 150 questionnaire papers were distributed of which 144 were retained, which means that the return rate was (96%). Study Findings:The presence of a statistically significant relationship at the level of (0.05 ≤ α) between physical incentives and the performance of employees in the provinces of Gaza electricity distribution company.The presence of a statistically significant relationship at the level of (0.05 ≤ α) between moral incentives and performance of employees in the provinces of Gaza electricity distribution company.The presence of a statistically significant relationship at the level of (0.05 ≤ α) between the equity in physical and moral incentives and the performance of employees in the provinces of Gaza electricity distribution company. No statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05 ≤ α) between incentives and performance of employees in the provinces of Gaza electricity distribution company. That’s because of the following variables (age, educational qualification, job title). While there are differences due to years of experience Recommendations:The need for the company to be interested in increasing material rewards to improve the minimum output of the workers. Encouraging employees when the desired objectives are achieved by giving them commissions on it.Working to provide additional moral advantages for employees to motivate them to work.Paying attention to the development of the spirit of appreciation and respect among employees to motivate them to work. The need to strive to achieve fairness in the granting the moral and physical incentives for employees.The need for a system of incentives and fair promotions through career gradation .

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Recognizing Factors Affecting Manpower Productivity Based on Kano Model

International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management ◽

10.4018/ijabim.2017070101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nazanin Hashemi ◽

Naser Khani

Keyword(s):

Performance Feedback ◽

Electricity Distribution ◽

Kano Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Distribution Company ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

And Performance ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

Smirnov Test

The main purpose of this study was to recognize, classify and determine priority of factors affecting human resource productivity in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Electricity Distribution Company using Kano model. This study is applied and is descriptive-survey research that is done cross-sectional. Sample size was estimated as 92 personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Electricity Distribution Company using Morgan Table. Classified random sampling was used in order to select sample and distribute questionnaires. Questionnaire stability was calculated as 0.89 using Cranach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics, single sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Friedman test. Over all, the obtained results prove that 15 out of 11 noticed factors are one- dimensional, 2 are indifferent and 2 are attractive factors. Personnel performance evaluation, meritocracy and performance feedback have first, second and third priority.

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Privatisation and Performance of Electricity Distribution Companies in Nigeria

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v7i3.11168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Adebayo Olumide Adedeji

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Linear Perspective ◽

Electricity Distribution ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

Public Enterprises ◽

Privatisation Process ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Improved Performance ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance

Privatisation of public enterprises is a complex phenomenon as the process is affected by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Advocates of privatisation of public enterprises in Developing countries tend to have a linear perspective that it will result in efficiency and improved performance of these firms. However, several studies have shown that this is not always the outcome. This paper examined the privatisation and performance of Electricity Distribution Companies in Nigeria and concluded that the outcome was determined more by the form and nature of the government than by the process of privatisation. Therefore, there is a need for further research to identify factors that could enhance or inhibit the success of the privatisation process in Developing countries.

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Elicitation of the Factors Affecting Electricity Distribution Efficiency using Fuzzy AHP Method: A Case Study

10.20944/preprints202012.0091.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vecihi Yigit ◽

Nazli Nisa Demir ◽

Hisham Alidrisi ◽

Mehmet Emin Aydin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Electricity Distribution ◽

Ahp Method ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Hierarchical Structure ◽

Distribution Company ◽

And Performance

Energy consumption constantly increases day-by-day, which enforces suppliers and consumers in to plan the needs for the short and long terms. This obliges studying to device useful and accurate ways to predict the need for use in corresponding periods of the time. One of these fields of study is the efficient and uninterrupted energy supply over distribution infrastructures. It is obvious that the efficiency and performance of energy supply companies plays an important role in energy supply itself and has a critical value in determining and finetuning the future roadmap of the sector. In this study, the performance and efficiency of energy supply companies with respect to productivity is investigated over a case study of an electricity distribution company in Turkey. The factors affecting the company’s performance and their corresponding weights have been determined and elicited using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Fuzzy AHP methods, as two well-known multi-criteria decision-making methods. The AHP method differs from other methods in that it can evaluate qualitative and quantitative expressions together, calculate the consistency rate, and show the hierarchical structure between sub-criteria and alternatives depending on the criteria. In addition, it is a decision-making method that is widely used in the literature. The Fuzzy AHP method, on the other hand, reflects the evaluations of people better than the classical AHP method and provides convenience during the evaluation. The results help demonstrate that the criteria elicited to evaluate the company’s energy supply performance plan a crucial role in developing strategies, policies and action plans to achieve continuous improvement and consistent development.

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Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095509 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

H. M. Thieringer

Keyword(s):

Objective Lens ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Image Recording ◽

Mode Of Operation ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

And Performance ◽

Convergent Beam ◽

Ray Path ◽

Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 370-371

Author(s):

Huang Min ◽

P.S. Flora ◽

C.J. Harland ◽

J.A. Venables

Keyword(s):

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Detection System ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Cylindrical Mirror ◽

Inner Radius ◽

Channel Plate ◽

And Performance ◽

Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

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Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156985 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

Joe A. Mascorro ◽

Gerald S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Succinic Anhydride ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Mass Density ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Base Resin ◽

And Performance ◽

Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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Trace nanoanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172437 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 940-941

Author(s):

D. E. Newbury ◽

R. D. Leapman

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

Volume Element ◽

And Performance ◽

Trace Constituents ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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