Nanoparticle diffusion within intestinal mucus: Three-dimensional response analysis dissecting the impact of particle surface charge, size and heterogeneity across polyelectrolyte, pegylated and viral particles

In order to improve our basic understanding of the impact-resistant behavior of steelstructures, three-dimensional elasto-plastic FE analysis was conducted for steel portal framesunder impact loading. Here, two rigid portal frames of diﬀerent column size were numericallyanalyzed taking the impact velocity of the falling weight as variable. The results obtained fromthis study are as follows: 1) maximum displacement of the frame increases linearly with eachincrement of the input impact energy; and 2) the bending moment distribution of the wholeframe at the time when the maximum response displacement occurs is similar to that understatic loading.

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Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Automotive Gearbox Casing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.539 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 230-232 ◽

pp. 539-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Yao Zhao ◽

Peng Fu ◽

Shu Wen Zhou ◽

Shan Ge Tong

Keyword(s):

Frequency Response ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Response Characteristic ◽

Harmonic Excitation ◽

Structural Vibration ◽

Weak Links ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Harmonic Response ◽

The Impact

After the three-dimensional solid modeling of the SG135 automobile gearbox, finite element analysis models of static, transient and harmonic response load are built based on correlation theory. On the basis of ADAMS dynamic simulation of different gearbox gears, transient load of the gearbox casing at different working gears is found out. With frequency response characteristic of gearbox casing analyzed at typical working conditions of first gear and reverse gear, the evaluation of some factors such as strength and stiffness are given out, which provides theory basis for further improvement of gearbox casing structure and strengthening weak links. Based on harmonic response analysis, the impact on gearbox casing structural vibration by harmonic excitation of the engine is imitated, and the match relation of frequency response between the gearbox and the engine is analyzed. Improvements about engine operational limits matching and gearbox structural design are proposed.

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Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

ISTFA 2015: Conference Proceedings from the 41st International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0154 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Halit Dogan ◽

Md Mahbub Alam ◽

Navid Asadizanjani ◽

Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽

Domenic Forte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Serial Sectioning ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Flash Memories ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Information ◽

The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

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Numerical simulation of the impact of an integrated renovation project on the Maowei Sea hydrodynamic environment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96441-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cui Wang ◽

Ling Cai ◽

Yaojian Wu ◽

Yurong Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Water Exchange ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Reclamation Project ◽

Hydrodynamic Environment ◽

Sea Area ◽

Water Quality Models ◽

The Impact ◽

Main Factor

AbstractIntegrated renovation projects are important for marine ecological environment protection. Three-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality models are developed for the Maowei Sea to assess the hydrodynamic environment base on the MIKE3 software with high resolution meshes. The results showed that the flow velocity changed minimally after the project, decreasing by approximately 0.12 m/s in the east of the Maowei Sea area and increasing by approximately 0.01 m/s in the northeast of the Shajing Port. The decrease in tidal prism (~ 2.66 × 106 m3) was attributed to land reclamation, and accounted for just 0.86% of the pre-project level. The water exchange half-life increased by approximately 1 day, implying a slightly reduced water exchange capacity. Siltation occurred mainly in the reclamation and dredging areas, amounting to back-silting of approximately 2 cm/year. Reclamation project is the main factor causing the decrease of tidal volume and weakening the hydrodynamics in Maowei Sea. Adaptive management is necessary for such a comprehensive regulation project. According to the result, we suggest that reclamation works should strictly prohibit and dredging schemes should optimize in the subsequent regulation works.

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Mechanical Behavior of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite: Effect of Processing Parameters

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11020213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Hamid Ait Said ◽

Hassan Noukrati ◽

Hicham Ben Youcef ◽

Ayoub Bayoussef ◽

Hassane Oudadesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Composite Effect ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

The Impact

Three-dimensional hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composites were formulated via solid-liquid technic and freeze-drying. The prepared composites had an apatitic nature, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy analyses. The impact of the solid/liquid (S/L) ratio and the content and the molecular weight of the polymer on the composite mechanical strength was investigated. An increase in the S/L ratio from 0.5 to 1 resulted in an increase in the compressive strength for HA-CSL (CS low molecular weight: CSL) from 0.08 ± 0.02 to 1.95 ± 0.39 MPa and from 0.3 ± 0.06 to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa for the HA-CSM (CS medium molecular weight: CSM). Moreover, the increase in the amount (1 to 5 wt%) and the molecular weight of the polymer increased the mechanical strength of the composite. The highest compressive strength value (up to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa) was obtained for HA-CSM (5 wt% of CS) formulated at an S/L of 1. The dissolution tests of the HA-CS composites confirmed their cohesion and mechanical stability in an aqueous solution. Both polymer and apatite are assumed to work together, giving the synergism needed to make effective cylindrical composites, and could serve as a promising candidate for bone repair in the orthopedic field.

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Supply Response Analysis on the Impact of Climate Change on Oil Palm Production in Malaysia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 757 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

W N W M Noor ◽

N M Nawi ◽

K W K Seng ◽

M Buda

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Supply Response ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

The Impact

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Surface charge modulation of rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles to improve antibiotic delivery in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-020-00760-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Da Costa ◽

Chloé Exbrayat-Héritier ◽

Basile Rambaud ◽

Simon Megy ◽

Raphaël Terreux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Particle Migration ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

The Impact ◽

Positively Charged ◽

Antibiotic Delivery

Abstract Background After the golden age of antibiotic discovery, bacterial infections still represent a major challenge for public health worldwide. The biofilm mode of growth is mostly responsible for chronic infections that current therapeutics fail to cure and it is well-established that novel strategies must be investigated. Particulate drug delivery systems are considered as a promising strategy to face issues related to antibiotic treatments in a biofilm context. Particularly, poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles present a great interest due to their ability to migrate into biofilms thanks to their submicronic size. However, questions still remain unresolved about their mode of action in biofilms depending on their surface properties. In the current study, we have investigated the impact of their surface charge, firstly on their behavior within a bacterial biofilm, and secondly on the antibiotic delivery and the treatment efficacy. Results Rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles were synthetized by nanoprecipitation and characterized. A high and superficial loading of rifampicin, confirmed by an in silico simulation, enabled to deliver effective antibiotic doses with a two-phase release, appropriate for biofilm-associated treatments. These nanoparticles were functionalized with poly-l-lysine, a cationic peptide, by surface coating inducing charge reversal without altering the other physicochemical properties of these particles. Positively charged nanoparticles were able to interact stronger than negative ones with Staphylococcus aureus, under planktonic and biofilm modes of growth, leading to a slowed particle migration in the biofilm thickness and to an improved retention of these cationic particles in biofilms. While rifampicin was totally ineffective in biofilms after washing, the increased retention capacity of poly-l-lysine-coated rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles has been associated with a better antibiotic efficacy than uncoated negatively charged ones. Conclusions Correlating the carrier retention capacity in biofilms with the treatment efficacy, positively charged rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles are therefore proposed as an adapted and promising approach to improve antibiotic delivery in S. aureus biofilms.

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Impact of inter-reader contouring variability on textural radiomics of colorectal liver metastases

European Radiology Experimental ◽

10.1186/s41747-020-00189-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Rizzetto ◽

Francesca Calderoni ◽

Cristina De Mattia ◽

Arianna Defeudis ◽

Valentina Giannini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Metastases ◽

Hausdorff Distance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Liver Lesion ◽

Dice Coefficient ◽

Rf Values ◽

Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽

Relative Change ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Radiomics is expected to improve the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed at evaluating the impact of liver lesion contouring as a source of variability on radiomic features (RFs). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, 70 liver metastases in 17 CRC patients were segmented on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans by two residents and checked by experienced radiologists. RFs from grey level co-occurrence and run length matrices were extracted from three-dimensional (3D) regions of interest (ROIs) and the largest two-dimensional (2D) ROIs. Inter-reader variability was evaluated with Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance, whilst its impact on RFs was assessed using mean relative change (MRC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For the main lesion of each patient, one reader also segmented a circular ROI on the same image used for the 2D ROI. Results The best inter-reader contouring agreement was observed for 2D ROIs according to both Dice coefficient (median 0.85, interquartile range 0.78–0.89) and Hausdorff distance (0.21 mm, 0.14–0.31 mm). Comparing RF values, MRC ranged 0–752% for 2D and 0–1567% for 3D. For 24/32 RFs (75%), MRC was lower for 2D than for 3D. An ICC > 0.90 was observed for more RFs for 2D (53%) than for 3D (34%). Only 2/32 RFs (6%) showed a variability between 2D and circular ROIs higher than inter-reader variability. Conclusions A 2D contouring approach may help mitigate overall inter-reader variability, albeit stable RFs can be extracted from both 3D and 2D segmentations of CRC liver metastases.

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3DIV update for 2021: a comprehensive resource of 3D genome and 3D cancer genome

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkaa1078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (D1) ◽

pp. D38-D46

Author(s):

Kyukwang Kim ◽

Insu Jang ◽

Mooyoung Kim ◽

Jinhyuk Choi ◽

Min-Seo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Cancer Genome ◽

Structural Variations ◽

3D Genome ◽

Tightly Coupled ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

The Impact

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) genome organization is tightly coupled with gene regulation in various biological processes and diseases. In cancer, various types of large-scale genomic rearrangements can disrupt the 3D genome, leading to oncogenic gene expression. However, unraveling the pathogenicity of the 3D cancer genome remains a challenge since closer examinations have been greatly limited due to the lack of appropriate tools specialized for disorganized higher-order chromatin structure. Here, we updated a 3D-genome Interaction Viewer and database named 3DIV by uniformly processing ∼230 billion raw Hi-C reads to expand our contents to the 3D cancer genome. The updates of 3DIV are listed as follows: (i) the collection of 401 samples including 220 cancer cell line/tumor Hi-C data, 153 normal cell line/tissue Hi-C data, and 28 promoter capture Hi-C data, (ii) the live interactive manipulation of the 3D cancer genome to simulate the impact of structural variations and (iii) the reconstruction of Hi-C contact maps by user-defined chromosome order to investigate the 3D genome of the complex genomic rearrangement. In summary, the updated 3DIV will be the most comprehensive resource to explore the gene regulatory effects of both the normal and cancer 3D genome. ‘3DIV’ is freely available at http://3div.kr.

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The effect of the outlet angle β2 on the thermomechanical behavior of a centrifugal compressor blade

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials ◽

10.1515/jmbm-2020-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ahmed Allali ◽

Sadia Belbachir ◽

Ahmed Alami ◽

Belhadj Boucham ◽

Abdelkader Lousdad

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Centrifugal Compressor ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Complex Form ◽

Compressor Blade ◽

Stress Fields ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Mechanical Fatigue ◽

Outlet Angle ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this work lies in the three-dimensional study of the thermo mechanical behavior of a blade of a centrifugal compressor. Numerical modeling is performed on the computational code "ABAQUS" based on the finite element method. The aim is to study the impact of the change of types of blades, which are defined as a function of wheel output angle β2, on the stress fields and displacements coupled with the variation of the temperature.This coupling defines in a realistic way the thermo mechanical behavior of the blade where one can note the important concentrations of stresses and displacements in the different zones of its complex form as well as the effects at the edges. It will then be possible to prevent damage and cracks in the blades of the centrifugal compressor leading to its failure which can be caused by the thermal or mechanical fatigue of the material with which the wheel is manufactured.

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