scholarly journals First law thermodynamic analysis of the recuperated humphrey cycle for gas turbines with pressure gain combustion

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 117492
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos ◽  
Tim Rähse ◽  
Johann Vinkeloe ◽  
Neda Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion

scholarly journals Comprehensive Thermodynamic Analysis of the Humphrey Cycle for Gas Turbines with Pressure Gain Combustion

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Conventional gas turbines are approaching their efficiency limits and performance gains are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) has emerged as a very promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine thermodynamic cycles. Up to date, only very simplified models of open cycle gas turbines with pressure gain combustion have been considered. However, the integration of a fundamentally different combustion technology will be inherently connected with additional losses. Entropy generation in the combustion process, combustor inlet pressure loss (a central issue for pressure gain combustors), and the impact of PGC on the secondary air system (especially blade cooling) are all very important parameters that have been neglected. The current work uses the Humphrey cycle in an attempt to address all these issues in order to provide gas turbine component designers with benchmark efficiency values for individual components of gas turbines with PGC. The analysis concludes with some recommendations for the best strategy to integrate turbine expanders with PGC combustors. This is done from a purely thermodynamic point of view, again with the goal to deliver design benchmark values for a more realistic interpretation of the cycle.

Pressure Gain Combustion Application to Marine and Industrial Gas Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Snyder ◽  
M. Razi Nalim
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Incremental Improvement

Renewed interest in pressure gain combustion applied as a replacement of conventional combustors within gas turbine engines creates the potential for greatly increased capability engines in the marine power market segment. A limited analysis has been conducted to estimate the degree of improvements possible in engine thermal efficiency and specific work for a type of wave rotor device utilizing these principles. The analysis considers a realistic level of component losses. The features of this innovative technology are compared with those of more common incremental improvement types of technology for the purpose of assessing potentials for initial market entry within the marine gas turbine market. Both recuperation and non-recuperation cycles are analyzed. Specific fuel consumption improvements in excess of 35% over those of a Brayton cycle are indicated. The technology exhibits the greatest percentage potential in improving efficiency for engines utilizing relatively low or moderate mechanical compression pressure ratios. Specific work increases are indicated to be of an equally dramatic magnitude. The advantages of the pressure gain combustion approach are reviewed as well as its technology development status.

scholarly journals Pressure gain combustion advantage in land-based electric power generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. K4MD26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfettin C. Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Plant Efficiency

AbstractThis article evaluates the improvement in gas turbine combined cycle power plant efficiency and output via pressure gain combustion (PGC). Ideal and real cycle calculations are provided for a rigorous assessment of PGC variants (e.g., detonation and deflagration) in a realistic power plant framework with advanced heavy-duty industrial gas turbines. It is shown that PGC is the single-most potent knob available to the designers for a quantum leap in combined cycle performance.

Pulsed Impingement Turbine Cooling and its Effect on the Efficiency of Gas Turbines With Pressure Gain Combustion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Neumann ◽  
Dieter Peitsch ◽  
Arne Berthold ◽  
Frank Haucke ◽  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Abstract Performance improvements of conventional gas turbines are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to achieve. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) has emerged as a promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine cycle. Previous cycle analyses considering turbine cooling methods have shown that the application of pressure gain combustion may require more turbine cooling air. This has a direct impact on the cycle efficiency and reduces the possible efficiency gain that can potentially be harvested from the new combustion technology. Novel cooling techniques could unlock an existing potential for a further increase in efficiency. Such a novel turbine cooling approach is the application of pulsed impingement jets inside the turbine blades. In the first part of this paper, results of pulsed impingement cooling experiments on a curved plate are presented. The potential of this novel cooling approach to increase the convective heat transfer in the inner side of turbine blades is quantified. The second part of this paper presents a gas turbine cycle analysis where the improved cooling approach is incorporated in the cooling air calculation. The effect of pulsed impingement cooling on the overall cycle efficiency is shown for both Joule and PGC cycles. In contrast to the authors’ anticipation, the results suggest that for relevant thermodynamic cycles pulsed impingement cooling increases the thermal efficiency of Joule cycles more significantly than it does in the case of PGC cycles. Thermal efficiency improvements of 1.0 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.5 p.p. for combined convective and film with TBC are observed for Joule cycles. But just up to 0.5 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.3 p.p. for combined convective and film cooling with TBC are recorded for PGC cycles.

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Options to Break 60% Electric Efficiency in Combined Cycle Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Ennio Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Large Size

All major manufacturers of large size gas turbines are developing new techniques aimed at achieving net electric efficiency higher than 60% in combined cycle applications. An essential factor for this goal is the effective cooling of the hottest rows of the gas turbine. The present work investigates three different approaches to this problem: (i) the most conventional open-loop air cooling; (ii) the closed-loop steam cooling for vanes and rotor blades; (iii) the use of two independent closed-loop circuits: steam for stator vanes and air for rotor blades. Reference is made uniquely to large size, single shaft units and performance is estimated through an updated release of the thermodynamic code GS, developed at the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano. A detailed presentation of the calculation method is given in the paper. Although many aspects (such as reliability, capital cost, environmental issues) which can affect gas turbine design were neglected, thermodynamic analysis showed that efficiency higher than 61% can be achieved in the frame of current, available technology.

Thermodynamic Analysis of “Inter-Turbine” and “Intra-Turbine” Reheat for Marine Gas Turbines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knox T. Millsaps ◽  
Bruce Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Component Technology ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mission Profile

This paper presents thermodynamic analyses of two types of reheat combustion cycles in gas turbines and provides an evaluation of their usefulness in marine power and propulsion applications. Specifically, baseline cycles, using components of various technology levels, were compared to cycles with single-stage reheat (inter-turbine reheat), and continuous or constant temperature reheat (intra-turbine reheat). the results of this primary flow path analysis show that reheat can greatly increase the power density, while reducing the total fuel consumption over a standard warship mission profile. These trends are strongest at lower technology levels, but are also present at higher component technology levels.

scholarly journals THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN COGENERATION SYSTEMS ON FPSO AIMING TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
A. G. Gallego ◽  
A. C. C. Souza ◽  
P. H. Morais ◽  
M. Modesto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Electric Power Production ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines ◽  
Production Technologies

Oil platforms are complex structures used to host workers and equipmentneeded in offshore exploration. This study focuses on the platform's heatand electricity cogeneration plant, which supplies a process heat exchangersnet, and provides the necessary electricity for all the equipment used for theprocess and worker's accommodation in the platform. The platform demandwith maximum load is 75 MW, which could be achieved using four gasturbines (25 MW each), one of which is kept for backup purposes or usingsix dual-fuel engines diesel/natural gas (15 MW each), one of which is alsokept for backup purposes. Therefore, the thermodynamic analysis wasperformed - considering five specific demand points of the platform -comparing the two traditional configurations (gas turbines and dual-fuelengines diesel/natural gas) and a combined configuration. The combinedconfiguration is composed of three gas turbines and two dual-fuel enginesdiesel/natural gas (one of the gas turbines kept for backup purposes). Theconfigurations presented respectively 35.5%, 48.4% and 42.6% at highestoverall efficiency; 611.34 g/kWh, 373.45 g/kWh, 472.74 g/kWh at lowestCO2 emissions considering full attendance of electrical and thermaldemands. The configurations using only gas turbines and the combinedfully attended the thermal demand of the platform without using auxiliarypieces of equipment. Therefore, it was possible to observe that thecombined configuration presented several advantages concerning isolatedsystems, proving to be an excellent option for sustainable energygeneration, reducing emissions of polluting gases and greater flexibility ofits operation concerning to configuration only with turbines, and physicaloccupation in relation to configuration only with engines.

scholarly journals Aeroelastic assessment of a highly loaded high pressure compressor exposed to pressure gain combustion disturbances

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. F72OUU
Author(s):  
Victor Bicalho Civinelli de Almeida ◽  
Dieter Peitsch
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Aerodynamic Damping ◽  
High Pressure Compressor ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Pressure Compressor ◽  
Highly Loaded

A numerical aeroelastic assessment of a highly loaded high pressure compressor exposed to flow disturbances is presented in this paper. The disturbances originate from novel, inherently unsteady, pressure gain combustion processes, such as pulse detonation, shockless explosion, wave rotor or piston topping composite cycles. All these arrangements promise to reduce substantially the specific fuel consumption of present-day aeronautical engines and stationary gas turbines. However, their unsteady behavior must be further investigated to ensure the thermodynamic efficiency gain is not hindered by stage performance losses. Furthermore, blade excessive vibration (leading to high cycle fatigue) must be avoided, especially under the additional excitations frequencies from waves traveling upstream of the combustor. Two main numerical analyses are presented, contrasting undisturbed with disturbed operation of a typical industrial core compressor. The first part of the paper evaluates performance parameters for a representative blisk stage with high-accuracy 3D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations. Isentropic efficiency as well as pressure and temperature unsteady damping are determined for a broad range of disturbances. The nonlinear harmonic balance method is used to determine the aerodynamic damping. The second part provides the aeroelastic harmonic forced response of the rotor blades, with aerodynamic damping and forcing obtained from the unsteady calculations in the first part. The influence of blade mode shapes, nodal diameters and forcing frequency matching is also examined.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Semi-Closed Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With High Temperature Diluted Air Combustion

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Camporeale ◽  
B. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mild Combustion ◽  
Exergy Losses

In the last years many research studies have been focused on the features of MILD (Moderate and Intensive Low oxygen Diluted) or Flameless combustion, that is a stable form of combustion characterized by low flame temperature and, consequently, low Nox emissions. Early studies showed that flameless conditions can be obtained using high temperature air diluted with a large amount of exhaust gas. MILD combustion is presently applied in industrial furnaces where ceramic regenerators provide to raise the temperature of the entering diluted air, the main advantages being high efficiency and low emissions. Attractive features of MILD combustion (low NOx emissions, stable combustion) addressed in the last years towards investigations about new combustors suitable for applications in gas turbines. Although there is an intense activity aiming at better understanding the features of this form of combustion, there is a limited research effort to understand which could be the power cycles that could be better suitable to the application of MILD combustion. MILD combustion allows for increasing the temperature of the entering reactants beyond the self-ignition temperature thus decreasing combustion exergy losses. High temperature of the reactants can be obtained through recuperative heat exchangers. Recirculation, on the other hand, is the origin of new losses that may reduce partially the advantages produced in the combustion process. The oxidizer and flue gas can be mixed at different points influencing the final cycle efficiency. The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of semi-closed Joule-Brayton cycles with high temperature diluted air and flue gas recirculation at intermediate pressure. This arrangement shows some favorable characteristics: reduction of the combustion exergy losses due to the increase of the temperature of the oxidizer, limited dimensions of the recuperative heat exchanger, efficient part load operation, favorable conditions for CO2 separation. The effects of the main cycle parameters on the plant efficiency are presented in order to outline the best trade-off that can be reached between the advantages given by high temperature of the reactants and the penalties caused by the recirculation of the flue gas. The combination of the semi-closed cycle with a bottoming steam plant is then examined, assuming state-of-the-art technologies. As applications, two plant configurations are considered. The first one, suitable for small plants using low calorific fuels, is characterized by lower combustor outlet temperature and simple air cooling technology for the turbine blades. The second one, suitable for large power plants, is characterized by higher turbine outlet temperature and steam cooling of the turbine blades. Advantages and disadvantages in comparison modern conventional CCGT power plant fueling natural gas are discussed.

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