Economic Aspects in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Italy: Cost Consequences of an Early Long-acting Injectable Anti-Psychotics (lais) Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S272-S272
Author(s):  
A. Marcellusi ◽  
F.S. Mennini ◽  
R. Brugnoli ◽  
C. Rapinesi ◽  
G.D. Kotzalidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Cost Reductions ◽  
Long Acting

PurposeThe aim of this analysis was to evaluate the economic consequences of a new treatment approach in the treatment of schizophrenia in the Italian setting. In terms of direct costs, in Italy was estimated that the main driver were represented by hospitalization and residential cost (71% of total direct cost per patient), followed by semi-residential services (13%), anti-psychotic and other drugs (8%) and ambulatory services (8).MethodsA probabilistic cost consequence model was developed to estimate the potential cost reductions derived from an early treatment with atypical long-acting injectable anti-psychotics (aLAIs) drugs. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify direct and indirect costs associated to the management of schizophrenic patients in Italy. The model projects a scenario analysis in order to estimate potential cost reductions applying a new model management (MoMa) based on patient recovery and early aLAIs treatment.ResultsOverall, the total economic burden associated with schizophrenia was estimated at €2.7 billion per year. A total of 50.5% of the economic burden was related to indirect costs and 49.5% to direct costs. Drug costs correspond to 10% of the total expenditure in terms of direct costs, while hospitalization and residential costs accounts for 81%. Scenario analysis demonstrate a potential cost reduction between 200 million and 300 million based on the effects of MoMa over the reduction of hospitalization and residential costs.ConclusionsThis analysis was the first attempt to translate clinical management aspects in economic consequences and will be a useful instruments for decision maker.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on the distribution of the costs associated with cancer of prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebisile Ngcamphalala ◽  
Ellinor Ostensson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Despite the well-documented information on cancer prevention and management, among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), globally, cancer continues to be the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality with devastating economic consequences. The burden is disproportionately more among developing countries and the extent of evidence available on the economic consequences (direct and indirect costs) of cancer remains unknown in low-income countries particularly in the sub-Saharan region. Understanding the costs of illness is important to inform decision-making on setting up health care policies and informing economic evaluation of interventions. This study aims to map evidence on the distribution of the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) associated with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of three predominant cancers: prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL (via EBSCOhost platform), Science Direct, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Africa-Wide Information, Google Scholar, and WHO Library. We will perform hand-searching of the reference lists of included studies and other relevant documents. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. We will include primary studies from all study designs reporting costs associated with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., thematic analysis) methods. A narrative summary of findings will be presented. Discussion This review will map the extent of information available on the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Further guidance for future research in the subject area will be discussed. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework

scholarly journals A prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate the economic burden of patients diagnosed with depression in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
D. K. Dhodi ◽  
S. R. Sinha ◽  
F. Dawer ◽  
M. S. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Hospitalisation Cost ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Record

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost of care of depression in terms of direct and indirect costs.Methods: 150 patients diagnosed with depression attending psychiatry OPD at Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were explained about the study. Written informed consent were taken. Direct and Indirect costs were recorded in structured case record forms by interviewing the patients. Cost driving factors were identified.Results: Total annual direct cost were INR 6,378.16 which included drug costs, travel expenses, physician’s consultation, cost of investigations, hospitalisation cost while total Indirect costs were INR 16,860 which included days of work both of the patient and the caretaker.Conclusions: The indirect cost was almost thrice the direct costs. Hospitalisation cost and loss of working days due to depression was contributed the most to the direct costs and indirect costs respectively. Economic burden of depression is found out to be 16.30% of per capita gross domestic product in year 2018-19.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of HIV/AIDS Infection in Iran; a Modelling Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Ghiasvand ◽  
Jebreil Shamseddin ◽  
Akbar Biglarian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing and poor countries. It may potentially lead to economic burden on health system. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection in is a debatable issue among researchers, and as our best knowledge, there is lack in economic evidence in this regard in Iran. The purpose of this study is calculating the economic burden of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran in 2016. Methods We used a societal perspective to capture the direct and indirect costs attributed to HIV/AIDS infection in until end of 2016. We used a prevalence model based approach to estimate the costs of the infection in Iran. For developing our model, we used the Iran Ministry of Health National Guideline for Managing of the infection of Iran by health and medical practitioners. We analysed the HIV/AIDS Surveillance System in three base case, optimistic and pessimistic approaches as our sensitivity analysis. Results Total direct costs and indirect costs attributed to the HIV/AIDS infection were 7,946,530 and 1,288,586 US$ until end of 2016. In addition, the total cost is 8,785,116. Conclusions Direct costs form approximately 85% of total costs of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran. However, we should consider that these costs are just for about 14.3% of diagnosed people who are under Antiretroviral Therapy, therefor if the government wants to scale up ART to large proportion of the population, it expectedly will raise.

scholarly journals Economic burden of schizophrenia in Italy: a probabilistic cost of illness analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marcellusi ◽  
Gianluca Fabiano ◽  
Raffaella Viti ◽  
Pier Cesare Francesa Morel ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Illness Model ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesSchizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disease with highly variable treatment pathways and consequent economic impacts on resource utilisation. The aim of the study was to estimate the economic burden of schizophrenia in Italy for both the societal and Italian National Healthcare perspective.MethodsA probabilistic cost of illness model was applied. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify epidemiological and economic data. Direct costs were calculated in terms of drugs, hospitalisations, specialist services, residential and semiresidential facilities. Indirect costs were calculated on the basis of patients’ and caregivers’ loss of productivity. In addition, the impact of disability compensation was taken into account using a database from the Italian National Social Security Institute —Italy (INPS).ResultsOverall, 303 913 prevalent patients with schizophrenia were estimated. Of these, 212 739 (70%) were diagnosed and 175 382 (82%) were treated with antipsychotics. The total economic burden was estimated at €2.7 billion (95% CI €1771.93 to €3988.65), 50.5% due to indirect costs and 49.5% to direct costs. Drugs corresponded to 10% of direct costs and hospitalisations (including residential and semiresidential facilities) accounted for 81%.ConclusionsThis study highlighted that indirect costs and hospitalisations (including residential and semiresidential facilities) play a major role within the expenses associated with schizophrenia in Italy, and this may be considered as a tool for public decision-makers.

scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Cancers Attributable to Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Prevalence-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7592
Author(s):  
Thi Xuan Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Minji Han ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Young Ae Kim ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Future Income ◽  
The Republic

Infection is a major cause of cancers. We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to infection in 2014 in Korea, where cancer causing infection is prevalent, but the economic burden of it has never been examined. Cancer patients were defined as those having made medical claims as recorded by the National Health Insurance Service, which is a mandatory insurance for all citizen. We multiplied the costs by the population-attributable fraction for each type of cancer. The study included direct and indirect costs, where direct costs comprised direct medical and non-medical costs of inpatients and outpatients, while indirect costs were estimated by identifying future income loss due to premature death, productivity loss during hospitalization/outpatient visits, and job loss. In 2014, there were 100,054 infection-related cancer patients, accounting for 10.7% of all Korean cancer cases for that year. Direct costs of cancers associated with infection stood at nearly USD 676.9 million, while indirect costs were much higher at USD 2.57 billion. The average expenditure of a typical patient was USD 32,435. Economic burden of cancers attributable to infection is substantial in Korea, accounting for 0.23% of the national gross domestic product and 1.36% of national healthcare expenditure in 2014.

scholarly journals Economic burden of Huntington’s disease in Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Silva-Paredes ◽  
Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido ◽  
Miguel Inca-Martinez ◽  
Danielle Rabinowitz ◽  
Mario R. Cornejo-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Abstract Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive disability, and over time to total dependence. The economic impact of HD on patients living in developing countries like Peru is still unknown. This study aims to estimate the economic burden by estimating direct and indirect costs of Huntington’s disease in Peru, as well as the proportion of direct costs borne by patients and their families. Methods Disease-cost cross-sectional study where 97 participants and their primary caregivers were interviewed using a common questionnaire. Prevalence and human capital approaches were used to estimate direct and indirect costs, respectively. Results The average annual cost of HD reached USD 8120 per patient in 2015. Direct non-healthcare costs represented 78.3% of total cost, indirect costs 14.4% and direct healthcare costs the remaining 7.3%. The mean cost of HD increased with the degree of patient dependency: from USD 6572 for Barthel 4 & 5 (slight dependency and total independency, respectively) to USD 23,251 for Barthel 1 (total dependency). Direct costs were primarily financed by patients and their families. Conclusions The estimated annual cost of HD for Peruvian society reached USD 1.2 million in 2015. The cost impact of HD on patients and their families is very high, becoming catastrophic for most dependent patients, and thus making it essential to prioritize full coverage by the State.

P3812The economic burden of heart failure in Denmark from 1998 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Bundgaard ◽  
U M Mogensen ◽  
S Christensen ◽  
U M Ploug ◽  
R Roerth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Background Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) imposes a large burden on the individual as well as society and the aim of this study was to investigate the economic burden attributed to direct and indirect costs of patients with HF before, at, and after time of diagnosis. Methods Using Danish nationwide registries we identified all patients >18 years with a first-time diagnosis of HF from 1998–2016 and matched them 1:1 with a control group from the background population on age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The economic analysis of the total costs after diagnosis was based on direct costs including hospitalization, procedures, medication, and indirect costs including social welfare and lost productivity to estimate the annual cost of HF. Results We included a total of 176,067 HF patients with a median age of 76 years, and 55% were male. Patients with HF incurred an average of €17,039 in sum of total annual direct (€11,926) and indirect (€5,113) health-care costs peaking at year of diagnosis compared to €5,936 in the control group with the majorityattributable to inpatient admissions. The total annual net costs including social transfer after index HF were €11,957 higher in patients with HF compared to controls and the economic consequences increased markedly 2 years prior to the diagnosis of HF (Figure 1). Conclusion Patients with HF impose significantly higher total annual health-care costs compared to a matched control group with findings evident more than 2 years prior to HF diagnosis Acknowledgement/Funding Novartis

The economic burden of depression in Sweden from 1997 to 2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Sobocki ◽  
Ingrid Lekander ◽  
Fredrik Borgström ◽  
Oskar Ström ◽  
Bo Runeson
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
The Cost

AbstractBackgroundDepression is one of the most common causes of disability and is associated with substantial reductions in the individual's quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of depression to Swedish society from 1997 to 2005.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in a cost-of-illness framework, measuring both the direct cost of providing health care to depressive patients, and the indirect costs as the value of production that is lost due to morbidity or mortality. The costs were estimated by a prevalence and top-down approach.ResultsThe cost of depression increased from a total of €1.7 billion in 1997 to €3.5 billion in 2005, representing a doubling of the burden of depression to society. The main reason for the cost increase is found in the significant increase in indirect costs due to sick leave and early retirement during the past decade, whereas direct costs were relatively stable over time. In 2005, indirect costs were estimated at €3 billion (86% of total costs) and direct costs at €500 million (16%). Cost of drugs was estimated at €100 million (3% of total cost).ConclusionThe cost of depression is substantial to society and the main cost driver is indirect costs due to sick leave and early retirement. The cost of depression has doubled during the past eight years making it a major public health concern for the individuals afflicted, carers and decision makers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of economic burden with biologic treatments in Crohn’s disease patients: A mirror image study using an insurance database in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254807
Author(s):  
Celine Miyazaki ◽  
Nagano Katsumasa ◽  
Kuan Chih Huang ◽  
Yan Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilization ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Before And After

Biologics are recommended in Japan to treat moderate to severe Crohn’s Disease (CD). Although CD is associated with high direct costs in Japan, updated information after ustekinumab’s approval is unavailable. We aimed to evaluate the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and associated direct costs from the payer’s perspective in Japan. Claims data (2010–2018) were retrospectively analyzed to identify patients with CD. HRU and associated costs were evaluated for 12 months before and after biologic initiation and followed-up till 36 months post-initiation. Outcomes were reported using descriptive statistics. Among the included patients (n = 3,496), 1,783 were on biologics and 1,713 were on non-biologics. Mean (SD) age was 36.4 (13.2) years and patients were predominantly male (76.1%). Patients aged 18–39 years were affected with CD the most (55.3%). Biologic initiation was associated with a reduction in inpatient stay, length of stay, outpatient visits, and associated costs; and an increase in pharmacy costs and total costs after 12 months. Extended follow-up showed a decreasing trend in HRU and costs till 24 months but an increase after 36 months. These findings demonstrated reduction in clinical burden and slight increase in economic burden with biologics. However, indirect costs also need to be evaluated.

The Manifold Economic Impact of Multiple Sclerosis – Indirect and Direct Costs of Managing Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ((Suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Brandes ◽  
Peter Rieckmann ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Working Age

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a significant economic burden, not only in terms of direct costs (drugs, hospital admissions, healthcare aids), but also indirect costs including loss of income, reduction of productivity, burden on caregivers and family members, and a reduction in patient quality of life (QoL). The disease has a marked effect on employment, with less than 20 % of patients of working age in employment at higher disability levels (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 6.8–8.0). Disabilities, fatigue, cognitive impairments, transportation difficulties, speech impairments and bladder and bowel problems all impact on the patient’s ability to work and their QoL. The economic costs of MS do not just impact the patient. The stress and physical burden of caring for a friend or relative with MS may also impact on the finances and health of caregivers and increase their own requirement for healthcare resources. The increasing availability of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) and earlier diagnosis of the condition has resulted in an increase in the direct costs of MS related to expenditure on DMDs. However, due to the significant increase in costs that are associated with increasing disease severity, interventions aimed at delaying disease progression may help to reduce the economic burden of MS. This article will review the direct, indirect and intangible costs of MS and discuss the economic impact of drug development on these costs.

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