Structural changes in cell wall of Japanese radish accompanied by release of rhamnogalacturonan during pressure cooker heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 129117
Author(s):  
Mitose Tsuchida ◽  
Hideyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Norihisa Katayama ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Wakano Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Japanese Radish

scholarly journals Valorization of sugarcane bagasse by chemical pretreatment and enzyme mediated deconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vihang S. Thite ◽  
Anuradha S. Nerurkar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract After chemical pretreatment, improved amenability of agrowaste biomass for enzymatic saccharification needs an understanding of the effect exerted by pretreatments on biomass for enzymatic deconstruction. In present studies, NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments effectively changed visible morphology imparting distinct fibrous appearance to sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Filtrate analysis after NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments yielded release of soluble reducing sugars (SRS) in range of ~0.17–0.44%, ~0.38–0.75% and ~2.9–8.4% respectively. Gravimetric analysis of pretreated SCB (PSCB) biomass also revealed dry weight loss in range of ~25.8–44.8%, ~11.1–16.0% and ~28.3–38.0% by the three pretreatments in the same order. Release of soluble components other than SRS, majorly reported to be soluble lignins, were observed highest for NaOH followed by H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Decrease or absence of peaks attributed to lignin and loosened fibrous appearance of biomass during FTIR and SEM studies respectively further corroborated with our observations of lignin removal. Application of commercial cellulase increased raw SCB saccharification from 1.93% to 38.84%, 25.56% and 9.61% after NaOH, H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Structural changes brought by cell wall degrading enzymes were first time shown visually confirming the cell wall disintegration under brightfield, darkfield and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic evidence and saccharification results proved that the chemical treatment valorized the SCB by making it amenable for enzymatic saccharification.

Cell Wall Permeability of Pinto Bean Cotyledon Cells Regulates In Vitro Fecal Fermentation and Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Huang ◽  
Sushil Dhital ◽  
Feitong Liu ◽  
Xiong Fu ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Cell Wall Permeability ◽  
Cotyledon Cells ◽  
Whole Foods

Processing induced structural changes of whole foods on regulation of colonic fermentation rate and microbiota composition are least understood and often overlooked. In the present study, intact cotyledon cells from...

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Lettuce Seed During Germination at High Temperature Altered by Genotype, Seed Maturation Temperature, and Seed Priming

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sung ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Russell T. Nagata ◽  
Warley M. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Dark Green

To investigate thermotolerance in seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), primed, nonprimed, or seeds matured at 20/10 and 30/20 °C (day/night on a 12-h photoperiod) were imbibed at 36 °C for various periods and then dissected. Structural changes in seed coverings in front of the radicle tip were observed during germination at high temperature. Thermotolerant genotypes, ‘Everglades’ and PI 251245, were compared with a thermosensitive cultivar, ‘Dark Green Boston’. In all seeds that germinated, regardless of seed maturation temperature or priming, a crack appeared on one side of the cap tissue (constriction of the endosperm membrane near the basal end of the seed) at the micropylar region and the endosperm separated from the integument in front of the radicle tip. Additional changes took place during imbibition in these seeds; the protein bodies in the vacuoles enlarged and gradually depleted, large empty vacuoles formed, the cytoplasm condensed, the endosperm shrank, the endosperm cell wall dissolved and ruptured, and then the radicle elongated toward this ruptured area. The findings suggested that the endosperm layer presented mechanical resistance to germination in seeds that could not germinate at 36 °C. Weakening of this layer was a prerequisite to radicle protrusion at high temperature. Seeds of ‘Dark Green Boston’, ‘Everglades’, and PI 251245 matured at 30/20 °C had greater thermotolerance than those matured at 20/10 °C. Results of the anatomical study indicated that the endosperm cell walls in front of the radicle of seeds matured at 30/20 °C were more readily disrupted and ruptured during imbibition than seeds matured at 20/10 °C, suggesting a reason why these seeds could germinate quickly at supraoptimal temperatures. Similar endosperm structural alterations also were observed in primed seeds. Priming led to rapid and uniform germination, circumventing the inhibitory effects of high temperatures. From anatomical studies conducted to identify and characterize thermotolerance in lettuce seed germination, we observed that genotype, seed maturation temperature, or seed priming had the ability to reduce physical resistance of the endosperm by weakening the cell wall and by depleting stored reserves leading to cell collapse.

scholarly journals The endogenous galactofuranosidase GlfH1 hydrolyzes mycobacterial arabinogalactan

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (15) ◽  
pp. 5110-5123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shen ◽  
Albertus Viljoen ◽  
Sydney Villaume ◽  
Maju Joe ◽  
Iman Halloum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Mycobacterial Protein

Despite impressive progress made over the past 20 years in our understanding of mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) biogenesis, the mechanisms by which the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts its cell wall structure and composition to various environmental conditions, especially during infection, remain poorly understood. Being the central portion of the mAGP complex, arabinogalactan (AG) is believed to be the constituent of the mycobacterial cell envelope that undergoes the least structural changes, but no reports exist supporting this assumption. Herein, using recombinantly expressed mycobacterial protein, bioinformatics analyses, and kinetic and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the AG can be remodeled by a mycobacterial endogenous enzyme. In particular, we found that the mycobacterial GlfH1 (Rv3096) protein exhibits exo-β-d-galactofuranose hydrolase activity and is capable of hydrolyzing the galactan chain of AG by recurrent cleavage of the terminal β-(1,5) and β-(1,6)-Galf linkages. The characterization of this galactosidase represents a first step toward understanding the remodeling of mycobacterial AG.

Similarities between nonsporulated yeast cells and asci

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1616
Author(s):  
S. D. Steele ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Vegetative Cells

Yeast cells which did not sporulate in sporulation medium underwent some marked structural changes. Numerous vacuoles filled with material, possibly lipid, accumulated in the cytoplasm; the cell wall thickened and differentiated into an outer fibrillar and an inner particulate zone. The nonsporulated cells were viable but required 4–6 h at 27° to produce buds. In these respects the nonsporulated cells resembled asci or ascospores rather than vegetative cells.

An extensin peroxidase is associated with white-light inhibition of lupin (Lupinus albus) hypocotyl growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jackson ◽  
S. Paulo ◽  
C. P. P. Ricardo ◽  
M. Brownleader ◽  
P. O. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
White Light ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The spatial distribution of the major basic (B2; pI 8.8) peroxidase of the intercellular fluid has an inverse relation with extension rate in etiolated hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L., suggesting its possible role in the control of cell expansion. White-light irradiation of etiolated hypocotyls resulted in growth inhibition and the induction of B2 and acidic (A2, pI 4.7–5.2) isoperoxidases (EC 1.1.11.7) to higher physiological activities. However, only the activities of the B2 isoperoxidases underwent quantitative changes in both space and time which suggested their role in growth-retardation. We have purified the B2 and A2 (pI 5.2) peroxidases to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. To corroborate evidence obtained elsewhere that growth cessation coincides with cell wall structural changes and cell wall rigidification, we have shown that the B2 peroxidase, and not A2 peroxidase, cross-links tomato extensin in vitro. The B2 peroxidase may therefore catalyse the developmentally and light regulated formation of a covalently cross-linked cell wall extensin matrix in lupin hypocotyls. The cell wall would be more rigid or more recalcitrant to wall-loosening and subsequently contribute to the control of cell expansion.

scholarly journals An In Silico Study for the Identification of Novel Putative Compounds Against the Wild and Mutant Type Penicillin Binding Protein 2 of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8996-9006
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
In Silico Study

Penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) is an enzyme crucial for cell wall biosynthesis during cell proliferation of N. gonorrhoeae. In the present work, the crystal structures of wild and mutant type PBP2 were analyzed to identify structural changes leading to antibiotic resistance. Other than these two targets, three other targets were generated by analyzing possible hot spots for mutations in PBP2. By using a reverse screening approach, fifteen molecules were screened and processed for ligand binding analysis with all five targets. The analysis of the above studies suggested that two compounds Guanosine 5’-diphosphate and Thymidine 3', 5’-diphosphate show the good binding affinity than Ceftriaxone and other compounds. Further, we have generated ten novel compounds using Ceftriaxone, Guanosine 5’-diphosphate, and Thymidine 3', 5’-diphosphate. To identify the novel findings, all novel compounds were docked against aforesaid five targets. The studies resulted in the finding of three best molecules that may be considered as suitable, potent, and generic inhibitors against N. gonorrhoeae other than Ceftriaxone.

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