Effect of deacetylation degree on properties of Chitosan films using electrostatic spraying technique

Chitosan was used as a protective matrix for the photosensitive dye-squaraine (2,4-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]cyclobutane-1,3-diol). The physicochemical properties of the obtained systems, both in solution and in a solid-state, were investigated. However, it was found that diluted chitosan solutions with a few percent additions of dye show an intense fluorescence, which is suppressed in the solid-state. This is related to the morphology of the heterogeneous modified chitosan films. The important advantage of using a biopolymer matrix is the prevention of dye degradation under the influence of high energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation while the dye presence improves the chitosan heat resistance. It is caused by mutual interactions between macromolecules and dye. Owing to the protective action of chitosan, the dye release in liquid medium is limited. Chitosan solutions with a few percent additions of squaraine can be used in biomedical imaging thanks to the ability to emit light, while chitosan films can be protective coatings resistant to high temperatures and UV radiation.

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Performance evaluation of composite electrostatic spraying (CES) in milling process

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-021-07737-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Su ◽

Xiaorong Hu ◽

Dongdong Zhang ◽

Hai Jiang ◽

Zhiqiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Milling Process ◽

Electrostatic Spraying

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Chitosan Films Obtained from Brachystola magna (Girard) and Its Evaluation on Quality Attributes in Sausages during Storage

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1782

Author(s):

Juan Manuel Tirado-Gallegos ◽

Paul Baruk Zamudio-Flores ◽

Miguel Espino-Díaz ◽

René Salgado-Delgado ◽

Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Meat Products ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Biodegradable Films ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Chitosan Films

High molecular weight chitosan (≈322 kDa) was obtained from chitin isolated from Brachystola magna (Girard) to produced biodegradable films. Their physicochemical, mechanical and water vapor permeability (WVP) properties were compared against commercial chitosan films with different molecular weights. Brachystola magna chitosan films (CFBM) exhibited similar physicochemical and mechanical characteristics to those of commercial chitosans. The CFBM films presented lower WVP values (10.01 × 10−11 g/m s Pa) than commercial chitosans films (from 16.06 × 10−11 to 64.30 × 10−11 g/m s Pa). Frankfurt-type sausages were covered with chitosan films and stored in refrigerated conditions (4 °C). Their quality attributes (color, weight loss, pH, moisture, texture and lipid oxidation) were evaluated at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Sausages covered with CFMB films presented the lowest weight loss (from 1.24 to 2.38%). A higher increase in hardness (from 22.32 to 30.63 N) was observed in sausages covered with CFMB films. Compared with other films and the control (uncovered sausages), CFMB films delay pH reduction. Moreover, this film presents the lower lipid oxidation level (0.10 malonaldehyde mg/sample kg). Thus, chitosan of B. magna could be a good alternative as packaging material for meat products with high-fat content.

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Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4417

Author(s):

Veronica Vendramin ◽

Gaia Spinato ◽

Simone Vincenzi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

Chitin Content ◽

Deacetylation Degree ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Fungal Chitosan ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

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Chitosan-Based Adhesive: Optimization of Tensile Shear Strength in Dry and Wet Conditions

Polysaccharides ◽

10.3390/polysaccharides2010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

Maisa Abdelmoula ◽

Hajer Ben Hlima ◽

Frédéric Michalet ◽

Gérard Bourduche ◽

Jean-Yves Chavant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Tensile Shear Strength ◽

Tensile Shear ◽

Spread Rate ◽

Assembly Time ◽

Deacetylation Degree ◽

Dry And Wet Conditions

Commercial adhesives present a high bond strength and water resistance, but they are considered non-healthier products. Chitosan can be considered as an interesting biosourced and biodegradable alternative, despite its low water resistance. Here, its wood bonding implementation and its tensile shear strength in dry and wet conditions were investigated depending on its structural characteristics. Firstly, the spread rate, open assembly time, drying pressure, drying temperature, and drying time have been determined for two chitosans of European pine double lap specimens. An adhesive solution spread rate of 1000 g·m−2, an open assembly time of 10 min, and a pressure temperature of 55 °C for 105 min led to a bond strength of 2.82 MPa. Secondly, a comparison between a high molecular weight/low deacetylation degree chitosan and a lower molecular weight/higher deacetylation degree chitosan was conducted. Tests were conducted with beech simple lap specimens in accordance with the implementation conditions and the conditioning treatments in wet and dry environments required for thermoplastic wood adhesive standards used in non-structural applications (EN 204 and EN 205). The results clearly revealed the dependence of adhesive properties and water resistance on the structural features of chitosans (molecular weight and deacetylation degree), explaining the heterogeneity of results published notably in this field.

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Understanding the Barrier and Mechanical Behavior of Different Nanofillers in Chitosan Films for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13050721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João Pires ◽

Camila Damásio de Paula ◽

Victor Gomes Lauriano Souza ◽

Ana Luísa Fernando ◽

Isabel Coelhoso

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Functional Attributes ◽

Chitosan Films ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Innovative Techniques

The continuous petroleum-based plastics manufacturing generates disposal issues, spreading the problem of plastic pollution and its rise in the environment. Recently, innovative techniques and scientific research promoted biopolymers as the primary alternative for traditional plastics, raising and expanding global bioplastic production. Due to its unmatched biological and functional attributes, chitosan (Ch) has been substantially explored and employed as a biopolymeric matrix. Nevertheless, the hydrophilicity and the weak mechanical properties associated with this biopolymer represent a significant intrinsic restriction to its implementation into some commercial applications, namely, in food packaging industries. Distinct methodologies have been utilized to upgrade the mechanical and barrier properties of Ch, such as using organic or inorganic nanofillers, crosslinkers, or blends with other polymers. This review intends to analyze the most recent works that combine the action of different nanoparticle types with Ch films to reinforce their mechanical and barrier properties.

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Biodegradable Chitosan Films with ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Food Industry By-Products—Production and Characterization

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 646

Author(s):

Victor Gomes Lauriano Souza ◽

Marta M. Alves ◽

Catarina F. Santos ◽

Isabel A. C. Ribeiro ◽

Carolina Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Food Industry ◽

Low Cost ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Chitosan Films ◽

By Products ◽

Different Levels

This work aimed to produce bionanocomposites of chitosan incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using food industry by-products and to characterize them. Such nanoparticles are highlighted due to their low cost, antimicrobial activity, accessibility, and sustainability synthesis. Four different levels of ZnO NPs (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% w/w of chitosan) were tested, and the bionanocomposites were characterized in terms of their hydrophobicity, mechanical, optical, and barrier properties. Overall, the incorporation of ZnO NPs changed the composites from brittle to ductile, with enhanced elongation at break and reduced Young Modulus and tensile strength. Thus, ZnO NPs acted as plasticizer, turning the films more flexible, due to the presence of organic compounds on the NPs. This also favored permeability of oxygen and of water vapor, but the good barrier properties were maintained. Optical properties did not change statistically with the ZnO NPs incorporation. Thus, the characterization presented in this paper may contribute to support a decision on the choice of the material’s final application.

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