scholarly journals HLA-C: Plasma viral load and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of microbial infection in HIV-1 among serodiscordant couples in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
N. Otuonye ◽  
O. Enabulele ◽  
M. Lou ◽  
V. Enya ◽  
M. Aniedobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HLA Class I and Plasma Viral Load of HIV-1 in Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections among Heterosexual Serodiscordant couples in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Otuonye ◽  
Luo Ma ◽  
Chris Chinweokwu ◽  
MN Aniedobe ◽  
RN Okoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated HLA Class I in Long Term Non-progressors (LTNPs) and plasma viral load in Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections (STIs/RTIs) associated with Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission among serodiscordant couples in Nigeria.MethodsA total of 271 serodiscordant and concordant couples (HIV positive and negative) were enrolled, blood samples were collected from the subjects by venipuncture. HLA class I (with specific primers), plasma viral load, CD4+ analysis was done. Endocervical/urethral swabs and early morning urine samples were collected by standard microbiological methods. These were screened by microscopy, culture, antibiogram, and biochemical tests with a view to identify aetiologic agents of co-infections with HIV.ResultsThe Participants age ranged from ≥ 21- < 50years. The index whose plasma viral loads were 10,001-100,000 copies/ml had STIs/RTIs 32(60.9% p=0.059). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (22.1%) were isolated from the index (HIV positive subject) while 14.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and 27.2% of E coli were isolated from their partners (HIV negative subject). Staphylococcus aureus and E coli are normal flora but because the patients are Immunocompromised as a result of positivity to HIV, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in this context becomes opportunistic thereby, causing genital tract infections. Staphylococcus from the index showed more sensitivity to Amoxicillin/clavulanate (95.4%/90.4%) compared to the partners (55.1%/73.5%) and more resistant to Ceftazidime (81.4%) compared to the partners (68.9%). LTNPs were 28(8.51%) among the index. HLA-B alleles: B*5701 (9.2%), B*5703 (4.6%) and B*5801(12.5%) were identified for viral control at late stage of HIV infection while A*1 (4.6%), and C*0701 (29.1%) were protective alleles observed. HLA-B*0702 (33.3%), B*4201/A*2301(4.6%) respectively were susceptible alleles associated with seroconversion among LTNPs.ConclusionThe microorganisms isolated from the index were associated with high viral loads and are independent makers to HIV-1 transmission among serodiscordant couples. Individuals associated with HLA class I alleles identified among LTNPs were those significantly associated with resistance and susceptible to HIV-1 infections.

scholarly journals Microbial infection and antibiotic patterns among intensive care unit patients in a tertiary hospital in Central Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
RK Sanjana ◽  
PC Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

Aims The present study is a fundamental effort to evaluate the bacteriological and antibiotic patterns in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting in a tertiary care hospital. This study was carried out to guide the clinician in choosing the appropriate antibiotics and to prevent emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria. Materials and Methods Between March 2009 to Feb 2012, the samples from various ICUs that were submitted to the microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity were included in this study. All the organisms were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard laboratory procedure and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disc diffusion methods. Result Of 3,780 specimens, 2,312 (61.1%) isolates were recovered. Single organisms were isolated from 1,746 (75.5%) samples while the remaining 566 (24.4%) had two or more organisms isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 819 (35.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 637 (27.5%). Antibiotics sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that almost all isolates were resistant to cephalexin (97.8%) and ciprofloxacin (80.3%). However (95.8%) of the isolates were sensitive to tobramycin, (92.0%) to meropenem & (74.80 %) to amikacin. Conclusion It is concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominate pathogen isolated from ICUs of this Hospital. Most of the frequently isolated pathogens are resistant to cephalosporins and quinolone antibiotics as compared to aminoglycosides and carbapenem. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is very important for setting a guideline to the clinician in choosing an appropriate therapy of infected patients of ICUs. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8678

Proviral HIV-1 DNA in subjects followed since primary HIV-1 infection who suppress plasma viral load after one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong ◽  
Christiane Deveau ◽  
Isabelle Da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Pellegrin ◽  
Alain Venet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hiv 1

Spontaneous HIV-1 replication in a B-lymphoblastoid cell line obtained from an HIV-1-positive patient with undetectable plasma viral load

AIDS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1342
Author(s):  
Liliana Belmonte ◽  
Cecilia Parodi ◽  
Patricia Bare ◽  
Marcelo Corti ◽  
Norberto Sanjuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Line ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Undetectable Plasma ◽  
Undetectable Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Bhatt ◽  
BMS Karki ◽  
B Baral ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
A Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureushas emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. It invokes a tremendous financial burden and enhanced morbidity and mortality due to difficult to treat systemic infections.Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Different clinical specimens were collected and processed for routine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test by standard microbiology techniques. Results: Out of 1173 samples received for microbiological examination, 100 were found to be S. aureus with 19% cases were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fourteen MRSA were found from inpatient and 5 were from outpatient. MRSA was found higher in female than male and maximum number (31.5%) was found in age group 0-10 years. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (90%), Gentamycin (83%), and tetracycline (81%). On urine isolates Nitrofurantoin(91.6%) was drug of choice. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G. In case of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (84.2%), Tetracycline (63.1%), Ciprofloxacin (42%) and Gentamycin (36.8%). Among urine isolates Nitrofutantoin showed 87.5% sensitive followed by Norfloxacin (75%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found 19% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was most common in females, hospitalized patients and young age group. Vancomycin seems to be drug of choice followed by Amikacin. It would be helpful to formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy and ensure proper empiric treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10297 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 548-551   

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern against pathogenic bacteria causing Dental Caries

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Deepak Dwivedi ◽  
Tejram Kushwah ◽  
Mukesh Kushwah ◽  
Vinod Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Antibiotics to treat dental caries infection are routinely prescribed which led to the increased resistance against bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on a panel of pathogenic bacteria isolated from dental caries infection. Bacteria were isolated from caries site of patients and identified at the species level. Each of 150 species of bacteria was tested for antibiotics susceptibility to a five antibiotics using Etest. The antibiotics used were Amoxicillin, Cloxocillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Penicillin‐V. The obtained resistance percentage for each antibiotic were Penicillin V: 72/150 (48%), Tetracycline: 99/150 (66%), Amoxicillin: 135/150 (90%), Cloxocillin: 117/150 (78%), and Erythromycin: 90/150 (60%) (Table 1). In case of combinatorial antibiotic exposure, the resistance percentage of Penicillin V/Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/ Erythromycin was 39/150 (26%), and 45/150 (30%) respectively. The study has well demonstrated the clinical picture of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of bacteria causing dental caries. The obtained comprehensive data will allow investigating the spatial distribution of pathogenic, antibiotic resistant bacteria among dental caries patients which further may help into development of novel diagnostic and treatment approaches for the same.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document