Quantifying the impact of an electronic drag force on defect production from high-energy displacement cascades in α-zirconium

Abstract A mathematical model is envisioned to discourse the impact of Thompson and Troian slip boundary in the carbon nanotubes suspended nanofluid flow near a stagnation point along an expanding/contracting surface. The water is considered as a base fluid and both types of carbon nanotubes i.e., single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall (MWCNTs) are considered. The flow is taken in a Dacry-Forchheimer porous media amalgamated with quartic autocatalysis chemical reaction. Additional impacts added to the novelty of the mathematical model are the heat generation/absorption and buoyancy effect. The dimensionless variables led the envisaged mathematical model to a physical problem. The numerical solution is then found by engaging MATLAB built-in bvp4c function for non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The validation of the proposed mathematical model is ascertained by comparing it with a published article in limiting case. An excellent consensus is accomplished in this regard. The behavior of numerous dimensionless flow variables including solid volume fraction, inertia coefficient, velocity ratio parameter, porosity parameter, slip velocity parameter, magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, and strength of homogeneous/heterogeneous reaction parameters are portrayed via graphical illustrations. Computational iterations for surface drag force are tabulated to analyze the impacts at the stretched surface. It is witnessed that the slip velocity parameter enhances the fluid stream velocity and diminishes the surface drag force. Furthermore, the concentration of the nanofluid flow is augmented for higher estimates of quartic autocatalysis chemical.

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Shock interactions in inviscid air and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$–$$\hbox {N}_2$$ flows in thermochemical non-equilibrium

Shock Waves ◽

10.1007/s00193-021-00999-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Garbacz ◽

W. T. Maier ◽

J. B. Scoggins ◽

T. D. Economon ◽

T. Magin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Species ◽

High Energy ◽

Ideal Gas ◽

Shock Interaction ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Shock Interactions ◽

Wave Interference ◽

Type V ◽

The Impact ◽

Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe present study aims at providing insights into shock wave interference patterns in gas flows when a mixture different than air is considered. High-energy non-equilibrium flows of air and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 –$$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 over a double-wedge geometry are studied numerically. The impact of freestream temperature on the non-equilibrium shock interaction patterns is investigated by simulating two different sets of freestream conditions. To this purpose, the SU2 solver has been extended to account for the conservation of chemical species as well as multiple energies and coupled to the Mutation++ library (Multicomponent Thermodynamic And Transport properties for IONized gases in C++) that provides all the necessary thermochemical properties of the mixture and chemical species. An analysis of the shock interference patterns is presented with respect to the existing taxonomy of interactions. A comparison between calorically perfect ideal gas and non-equilibrium simulations confirms that non-equilibrium effects greatly influence the shock interaction patterns. When thermochemical relaxation is considered, a type VI interaction is obtained for the $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -dominated flow, for both freestream temperatures of 300 K and 1000 K; for air, a type V six-shock interaction and a type VI interaction are obtained, respectively. We conclude that the increase in freestream temperature has a large impact on the shock interaction pattern of the air flow, whereas for the $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 –$$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 flow the pattern does not change.

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Coir Fibers Treated with Henna as a Potential Reinforcing Filler in the Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1128

Author(s):

Sylwia Członka ◽

Anna Strąkowska ◽

Agnė Kairytė

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Energy ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Milling Process ◽

Coir Fiber ◽

Lawsonia Inermis ◽

Coir Fibers ◽

Mechanical Performances ◽

The Impact ◽

Reinforcing Filler

In this study, coir fibers were successfully modified with henna (derived from the Lawsonia inermis plant) using a high-energy ball-milling process. In the next step, such developed filler was used as a reinforcing filler in the production of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. The impact of 1, 2, and 5 wt % of coir-fiber filler on structural and physico-mechanical properties was evaluated. Among all modified series of PUR composites, the greatest improvement in physico-mechanical performances was observed for PUR composites reinforced with 1 wt % of the coir-fiber filler. For example, on the addition of 1 wt % of coir-fiber filler, the compression strength was improved by 23%, while the flexural strength increased by 9%. Similar dependence was observed in the case of dynamic-mechanical properties—on the addition of 1 wt % of the filler, the value of glass transition temperature increased from 149 °C to 178 °C, while the value of storage modulus increased by ~80%. It was found that PUR composites reinforced with coir-fiber filler were characterized by better mechanical performances after the UV-aging.

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Body Mass, Physical Activity and Eating Habits Changes during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5682

Author(s):

Hubert Dobrowolski ◽

Dariusz Włodarek

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Social Life ◽

Eating Habits ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Average Weight ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a number of changes in social life around the world. In response to the growing number of infections, some countries have introduced restrictions that may have resulted in the change of the lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the lockdown on body weight, physical activity and some eating habits of the society. The survey involving 183 people was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. The mean age of the study participants was 33 ± 11 and mean height 169 ± 8 cm. An average increase in body weight was observed in 49.18% by 0.63 ± 3.7 kg which was the result of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in food consumption. We also observed a decrease in PAL from 1.64 ± 0.15 to 1.58 ± 0.13 and changes in the amount of food and individual groups of products consumption, including alcohol. Among the study participants who did not lose body mass, there was an average weight gain of 2.25 ± 2.5 kg. In conclusion, an increase of weight was shown in about half of the respondents in the study group which was associated with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of total food and high energy density products.

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High-energy operator product expansion at sub-eikonal level

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep06(2021)096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Antonio Chirilli

Keyword(s):

Operator Product Expansion ◽

Evolution Equations ◽

Energy Operator ◽

High Energy ◽

Structure Functions ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Operator Product ◽

The Impact ◽

New Distribution

Abstract The high energy Operator Product Expansion for the product of two electromagnetic currents is extended to the sub-eikonal level in a rigorous way. I calculate the impact factors for polarized and unpolarized structure functions, define new distribution functions, and derive the evolution equations for unpolarized and polarized structure functions in the flavor singlet and non-singlet case.

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Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13121971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1971

Author(s):

Lihua Ye ◽

Muhammad Muzamal Ashfaq ◽

Aiping Shi ◽

Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽

Yefan Shi

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Mechanical Deformation ◽

High Energy ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Punch Test ◽

Short Course ◽

Model Cell ◽

The Impact

In this research, the aim relates to the material characterization of high-energy lithium-ion pouch cells. The development of appropriate model cell behavior is intended to simulate two scenarios: the first is mechanical deformation during a crash and the second is an internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells during the actual effect scenarios. The punch test has been used as a benchmark to analyze the effects of different state of charge conditions on high-energy lithium-ion battery cells. This article explores the impact of three separate factors on the outcomes of mechanical punch indentation experiments. The first parameter analyzed was the degree of prediction brought about by experiments on high-energy cells with two different states of charge (greater and lesser), with four different sizes of indentation punch, from the cell’s reaction during the indentation effects on electrolyte. Second, the results of the loading position, middle versus side, are measured at quasi-static speeds. The third parameter was the effect on an electrolyte with a different state of charge. The repeatability of the experiments on punch loading was the last test function analyzed. The test results of a greater than 10% state of charge and less than 10% state of charge were compared to further refine and validate this modeling method. The different loading scenarios analyzed in this study also showed great predictability in the load-displacement reaction and the onset short circuit. A theoretical model of the cell was modified for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation. The overall conclusion found that the loading initiating the cell’s electrical short circuit is not instantaneously instigated and it is subsequently used to process the development of a precise and practical computational model that will reduce the chances of the internal short course during the crash.

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