A comprehensive method for assessing postural control during dynamic balance testing

Research background. Virtual reality and visual feedback improve motor performance, motor function and balance, so we want to fnd if it aﬀects the function of legs and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia. Research aim was to establish if the use of virtual reality and visual feedback with traditional physiotherapy improve the function of legs and balance of children with cerebral palsy. Methods. Nine children with cerebral palsy participated in the research. Participants were randomly divided into two groups – virtual reality group (n = 6) and control (n = 3). Virtual reality group practised exergaming and stretching exercises for 10 weeks, twice a week. Control group practiced conventional physiotherapy and stretching exercises for 6 weeks, twice a week. We measured the range of motion of the lower limb, spasticity of the lower limb using Modifed Ashworth’o Scale, static, dynamic balance, trunk coordination using Trunk Impairment Scale at the start and the end of the research, and balance using Pediatric Balance Scale. Results. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced the spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy, but it did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusions. Virtual reality and visual feedback did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy.Keywords. Cerebral palsy, virtual reality, visual feedback, postural control, muscle architecture.

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Adolescents’ Postural Control Learning According to the Frequency of Knowledge of Process

Journal of Motor Learning and Development ◽

10.1123/jmld.2017-0042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 204-214

Author(s):

Julián Gandía ◽

Xavier García-Massó ◽

Adrián Marco-Ahulló ◽

Isaac Estevan

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Physical Education Teachers ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Post Test ◽

Control Learning ◽

Skills Learning

Feedback is one of the most influential factors for motor skills learning. Physical Education teachers commonly use verbal cues to provide knowledge of process (KP) when teaching motor skills, but the ideal presentation frequency for KP in adolescents is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the frequency of KP (i.e., 100%, 67%, 0%) on dynamic balance. Thirty adolescents, age 14–15 years, participated in the study. Performance on a stabilometer platform was used to assess dynamic balance. Participants received feedback after each trial (100%), in two out of three trials (67%), or no feedback during 12 30-s trials of practice. Adolescents who received feedback (67% or 100%) required lower mean velocity to maintain similar dynamic balance performance (i.e., root mean square). Moreover, adolescents receiving 100% feedback had a higher α-scaling than those who did not received it. During the post-test and the retention, both 67% and 100% KP frequencies were effective at improving postural control, compared to the no feedback control.

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The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

Otolaryngologia Polska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.8594 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Krystyna Orendorz-Frączkowska ◽

Marzena Kubacka

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Standing Position ◽

The Body ◽

Stability Test ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Movement Velocity ◽

Limits Of Stability

Introduction: The ability to Reach quickly to changing external stimuli, to move the body quickly and precisely in any direction and to maintain the centre of gravity above the support base, all contribute to maintaining balance in dynamic conditions. The Limits of Stability Test (LOS) provides information on the state of dynamic equilibrium in a standing position. Aim : Assessment of dynamic postural control in developmental age. Material : 127 healthy children (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6 – 17years. Methods: All children underwent LOS test (posturograph NeuroCom) with registration of reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), directional control (DCL) , maximum excursion (MXE) and endpoint excursion (EPE). Results: At the age of 6-7 years, not fully developed jumping strategy and visual feedback mechanism in the control of movement were observed. All tested parameters were significantly worse in children aged 6 – 9 years. After this period, a significant improvement in TR and MVL was observed, with no significant changes in subsequent age groups while significant improvement in MXE up to 12 , EPE and DCL up to 13 years of age was noted. No significant gender differences were fund in the LOS test parameters. Conclusions: 1 The LOS test showed significantly lower dynamic balance development in children aged 6 – 7 years. 2 The study showed a significant improvement in all parameters of the LOS test up to 13 years of age, which supports the termination of the function at that time.

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THE RELIABILITY OF A DYNAMIC BALANCE TESTING PROTOCOL 1223

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199605001-01221 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

M. A. Hoffman ◽

D. M. Koceja

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Balance ◽

Balance Testing ◽

Testing Protocol

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Comparison of Postural Control and Functional Balance in Individuals People with Intellectual Disabilities with and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v28i11.5219 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esmail Balayi ◽

Parisa Sedaghati

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Functional Balance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Students With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Coordination Disorder

Introduction: Balance in individual with intellectual disability has a great importance due to the failure to perform motor tasks. The purpose of the present study was to compare postural control and balance function in two groups of individual with intellectually disabled with and without developmental coordination disorder. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study included all students with intellectually disabilities studying in an exceptional school in Rasht in 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 people, including 32 students with intellectual disabilities with developmental coordination disorder and 20 students with intellectual disabilities without developmental coordination disorder were purposefully selected. BESS test, Y balance test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were used to evaluate postural control, dynamic balance and functional balance, respectively. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 16 software, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significance level of P <0.05 was used. Results: Based on the results of the present study, a significant difference was observed in functional balance (p = 0.001), and overall score of postural control (p = 0.003), but no significant difference in dynamic balance (p <0.05) was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Developmental coordination disorder is highly prevalent among the individual with intellectual disabilities. At the same time, they have poorer postural control and functional balance compared to their peers without developmental coordination disorder. Due to the importance of controlling posture and maintaining proper balance in order to prevent injury of these people who are less physically fit than their peers, it is recommended to sports coaches, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and other related fields to take a variety of balance programs to emphasize on improving their balance.

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Acute and sub-acute changes in dynamic postural control following hip arthroscopy and post-operative rehabilitation.”

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-0709.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew D Freke ◽

Matthew King ◽

Kay M Crossley ◽

Kevin J Sims ◽

Adam Semciw

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Balance Control ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Hip Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Pain Group ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Context: Hip pain is associated with impairments in postural control and balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a reliable and valid method to measure dynamic postural control. Objective: Examine changes to dynamic postural control following hip arthroscopy and subsequent rehabilitation from pre-surgery to three and six months post arthroscopy. Setting: Sixty-seven individuals (47 men) scheduled for hip arthroscopy to address chondrolabral pathology were matched with sixty-seven healthy controls. The hip pain group underwent post-operative rehabilitation including SEBT training. Main outcome measures: SEBT reach normalized to limb length was collected pre-surgery and at three and six months post surgery, and compared with healthy matched controls. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluated whether SEBT reach differed between the three time points and t-tests were used to evaluate between-limb and between-group differences. Results: Pre-surgical SEBT reach was significantly less than the control group in all directions (p<0.001). At three months post surgery, SEBT reach significantly increased in the posterior-lateral (PL) (p<0.001), anterior-lateral (AL) (p<0.001) and posterior-medial (PM) (p=0.006) directions from pre-surgery. At six months post surgery, all directions of reach had significantly increased (p<0.001) from baseline. Compared to the control group, AL (−2.5 %, p=0.038), anterior medial (AM) (−2.9%, p=0.019) and posterior-medial (PM) (−5.2%, p= 0.002) reach remained significantly less at six months post surgery. No significant difference existed between the control and surgical groups for reach in the PL (−3.6%, p=0.061) direction. Conclusions: Pre-surgical dynamic balance control within a hip pain group was significantly poorer than matched controls as measured by the SEBT. At three months post hip arthroscopy, there were significant improvements in dynamic balance in the PM, PL and AL SEBT directions. By six months post surgery, all directions of SEBT reach had significantly improved but only PL reach improved to the level of healthy controls.

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Automatic Quantification of Tandem Walking Using a Wearable Device: New Insights Into Dynamic Balance and Mobility in Older Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

Natalie Ganz ◽

Eran Gazit ◽

Nir Giladi ◽

Robert J Dawe ◽

Anat Mirelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Postural Control ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Quiet Standing ◽

Mobility Disability ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Wearable sensors are increasingly employed to quantify diverse aspects of mobility. We developed novel tandem walking (TW) metrics, validated these measures using data from community-dwelling older adults, and evaluated their association with mobility disability and measures of gait and postural control. Methods Six hundred ninety-three community-dwelling older adults (age: 78.69 ± 7.12 years) wore a 3D accelerometer on their lower back while performing 3 tasks: TW, usual-walking, and quiet standing. Six new measures of TW were extracted from the sensor data along with the clinician’s conventional assessment of TW missteps (ie, trip other loss of balance in which recovery occurred to prevent a fall) and duration. Principal component analysis transformed the 6 new TW measures into 2 summary TW composite factors. Logistic regression models evaluated whether these TW factors were independently associated with mobility disability. Results Both TW factors were moderately related to the TW conventional measures (r < 0.454, p < .001) and were mildly correlated with usual-walking (r < 0.195, p < .001) and standing, postural control (r < 0.119, p < .001). The TW frequency composite factor (p = .008), but not TW complexity composite factor (p = .246), was independently associated with mobility disability in a model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, race, conventional measures of TW, and other measures of gait and postural control. Conclusions Sensor-derived TW metrics expand the characterization of gait and postural control and suggest that they reflect a relatively independent domain of mobility. Further work is needed to determine if these metrics improve risk stratification for other adverse outcomes (eg, falls and incident disability) in older adults.

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