scholarly journals Adolescents’ Postural Control Learning According to the Frequency of Knowledge of Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Julián Gandía ◽  
Xavier García-Massó ◽  
Adrián Marco-Ahulló ◽  
Isaac Estevan
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Control Learning ◽  
Skills Learning

Feedback is one of the most influential factors for motor skills learning. Physical Education teachers commonly use verbal cues to provide knowledge of process (KP) when teaching motor skills, but the ideal presentation frequency for KP in adolescents is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the frequency of KP (i.e., 100%, 67%, 0%) on dynamic balance. Thirty adolescents, age 14–15 years, participated in the study. Performance on a stabilometer platform was used to assess dynamic balance. Participants received feedback after each trial (100%), in two out of three trials (67%), or no feedback during 12 30-s trials of practice. Adolescents who received feedback (67% or 100%) required lower mean velocity to maintain similar dynamic balance performance (i.e., root mean square). Moreover, adolescents receiving 100% feedback had a higher α-scaling than those who did not received it. During the post-test and the retention, both 67% and 100% KP frequencies were effective at improving postural control, compared to the no feedback control.

scholarly journals Examination of Some Physical Fitness and Motor Skill Parameters of Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Fatma Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
And Performance ◽  
5Th Grade

The aim of this study was to analyze the importance of some physical fitness and motor skills for children between 11-13 years at elementary school. A total of 114 primary school children participated as volunteers with a means age of 10.80 ± 0,40 for 5th grade and 12.83 ± 0,38 for 7th grade.In this study, some motor tests were used to detect differences between pre-adolescence and adolescence on male and female. These tests were respectively: for dynamic balance “The Star excursion balance test”, for the agility “T-test”, “V sit and reach” for flexibility test and for explosive strength a “20 m run (0.1s)”. Besides, physical fitness features were taken as height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR).The results of the flexibility showed that the female children had better performances in the 5th grade than those in the 7th grade children (p<0,005). In addition, it was determined that the dynamic balance performance values of the 7th grade female and male children were better than the 5th grade(p<0,005). There were significant differences in agility and explosive strength between the 7th grade female and male children(p<0,005). It was observed that there was an increase in agility, speed and dynamic equilibrium performance data especially from the age of 11 in parallel with growth and development. Especially from this period, it was thought that it was possible to develop motor skills and performance parameters with some sports applications and training.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dual-Task Training (Motor-Cognitive) terhadap Keseimbangan Dinamis pada Anak Usia Sekolah

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Yulinar Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Dual Task Training

Background : School-age Children are characterized by agile movements and motor activity coupled with the need to begin exploring the environment so that motor skills are needed. One aspect of motor skills is dynamic balance. Dual-task training (motor-cognitive) is a method of training that combines motor and cognitive tasks. The purpose of this exercise is to activation pattern of circuits in brain to achieve an adaptive system so that automation can be generated which can affect dynamic balance. Methods : this research is experimental quasi with time series design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 30 students in 10- and 11- years-old who were not flat foot, not obese, and did not experience balance disorders. Primary data collection is obtained through dynamic balance instruments with balance beam walking test. The collected data used Shapiro Wilk for the normality test and obtained a value of p <0.05, which means that the distribution of data is abnormally distributed then a difference test of the of the pre-test and post-test using Friedman post hoc Wilcoxon Test. Results : the study was conducted for four weeks with 12 training sessions. The result of the analysis were started from pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2, post-test 3, and post-test 4. The results overall showed a changed in dynamic balance between before and after 12 times of exercise with a significant value p=0,0001 (p <0,05). Conclusion : Therefore, it can be conclused that there is an effect of dual-task training (motor-cognitive) to dynamic balance of school-age children. Keywords : Dual-Task Training (Motor Cognitive), Dynamic Balance, School-age Children

Does instructing attentional focus direction affect static single leg balance performance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110585
Author(s):  
Cory J Monahan ◽  
Wendy L Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
And Control

Balance and postural control exercises are generally included as a part of exercise programs, during which movement practitioners can provide instructions to facilitate the performance of motor skills. Instructions can be used as cues to direct attentional focus, which has been found to affect the performance of motor skills, including balance and postural control tasks. However, no known studies to date have investigated the effect of both internal and external attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance, and it seems unclear whether effects of such instructions are related specifically to the direction of attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of instructing the direction of attentional focus on single leg static balance performance as reflected by the complexity of the center of pressure (COP) profile. Participants (N = 46) between the ages of 19–28 years old were randomly assigned to one of three group conditions: internal focus (INTn=15), external focus (EXTn=16) and control (CONn=15). Participants performed a thirty-five second static single leg balance task. Outcome measures were the scaling exponent determined from a detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to infer complexity of the COP profile in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and root mean square error (RMSE) of the COP profile in AP and ML directions. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined there were no statistically significant differences in the measured variables among groups. The results do not support the claim that manipulating the direction of attentional focus affects static single leg balance performance.

Rate of concurrent augmented auditory feedback in postural control learning in adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Alexis Sánchez-Tormo ◽  
Adrià Marco-Ahulló ◽  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Gonzalo Monfort-Torres ◽  
Xavier García-Massó
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Control Learning ◽  
Test Practice ◽  
Postural Task

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of auditory concurrent feedback that best enhanced the learning of a continuous postural task in adolescents. Material and methods: A sample of thirty adolescents (13 to 14-years old) was used, who were assigned to three groups: i) control group (CG); ii) 100% auditory feedback group and iii) 67% auditory feedback group. The subjects performed a pre-test, practice, post-test and a retention (24 hours after the practice). In the postural control task subjects were instructed to remain on a seesaw (unstable in anteroposterior position) and keeping it as level as possible. Results: The results demonstrated that concurrent auditory feedback did not enhance the performance of the continuous postural task, although concurrent auditory feedback (both 100% and 67% rates) caused changes to the postural control strategies. Conclusions: From this it was concluded that 100% and 67% concurrent auditory feedback are more recommendable than no-feedback in adolescents’ postural control learning.

scholarly journals Effects of Differential Jump Training on Balance Performance in Female Volleyball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5921
Author(s):  
Philip X. Fuchs ◽  
Andrea Fusco ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Herbert Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Control Phase ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Volleyball Players

The purpose of this study was to determine whether coordinative jump training that induces neuromuscular stimuli can affect balance performance, associated with injury risk, in elite-level female volleyball players. During the competitive season, the balance performance of 12 elite female players (highest Austrian division) was obtained via a wobble board (WB; 200 Hz) placed on an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). Three identically repeated measurements defined two intervals (control and intervention phases), both comparable in duration and regular training. The intervention included 6 weeks of differential training (8 sessions of 15–20 min) that delivered variations in dynamics around the ankle joints. Multilevel mixed models were used to assess the effect on postural control. WB performance decreased from 27.0 ± 13.2% to 19.6 ± 11.3% during the control phase and increased to 54.5 ± 16.2% during the intervention (β = 49.1 ± 3.5; p < 0.001). Decreased sway area [cm²] (β = −7.5 ± 1.6; p < 0.001), anterior–posterior (β = −4.1 ± 0.4; p < 0.001) and mediolateral sway [mm] (β = −2.7 ± 0.6; p = 0.12), and mean velocity [mm∙s−1] (β = −9.0 ± 3.6; p < 0.05) were observed during the intervention compared with the control phase. Inter-limb asymmetry was reduced (β = −41.8 ± 14.4; p < 0.05). The applied training concept enhanced balance performance and postural control in elite female volleyball players. Due to the low additional physiological loads of the program and increased injury risk during the competitive season, we recommend this intervention for supporting injury prevention during this period.

scholarly journals Motor development in deaf children based on Gallahue's model: a review study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Veiskarami ◽  
Mehdi Roozbahani
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Skills Learning

Background and Aim: As deaf children grow up, they face difficulties that can affect their physical, emotional, motor, and cognitive deve­lopment. This study reviews the recent studies conducted on motor development of deaf chil­dren based on Gallahue's model. Recent Findings: Few studies have been con­ducted on deaf children's motor development stages; reflexive, rhythmic, rudimentary, and specialized movement. However, many studies investigated the fundamental movement stage with an emphasis on balance. They mostly rep­orted the deaf children’s delay in developing gait velocity (during walking), postural control, static balance, dynamic balance, spatial-tempo­ral coordination, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and motor skills learning, compared with their healthy peers. Conclusion: Delay in motor development in deaf children is not necessarily the result of deafness or vestibular problems, but individual, environmental, and exercise factors are also involved. Providing appropriate educational opportunities for these children, training specia­lized teachers and parents, and holding training courses for hearing specialists can help promote motor development in these children.   Keywords: Motor development; deaf children; fundamental motor skill; Gallahoe's motor development perspective

scholarly journals Effects of balance training on static and dynamic balance performance in healthy children: role of training duration and volume

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Modalities

Abstract Objective Improvements in balance performance through balance training programs in children have been reported in several studies. However, the influence of balance training modalities (e.g., training period, frequency, volume) on the training effectiveness have not yet been studied. To address this shortfall, the present study investigated the effects of balance training duration and volume (i.e., 240 min during 4 weeks versus 360 min during 6 weeks) on measures of static and dynamic balance performance in healthy children (N = 29) aged 10 years. Results Irrespective of balance training duration and volume, significant pre- to post-test improvements were found for variables of static (i.e., one-legged stance on foam ground, reduced number of floor contacts: p = .041, ηp2 = .15) and dynamic (i.e., Lower Quarter Y Balance test, increased anterior reach distance: p = .038, ηp2 = .15) balance performance but no group × test interactions were detected. These findings indicate that balance training is effective to improve static and dynamic balance performance in healthy children, but the effectiveness seems unaffected by the applied training duration and volume. Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN75170753 (retrospectively registered at 12th April, 2021).

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN STABILISASI POSTURAL TERHADAP KESEIMBANGAN STATIS DAN DINAMIS PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Pramita ◽  
Mr Setiawan ◽  
Saifudin Zuhri
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postural Stabilization ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kasus stroke banyak dijumpai di lapangan, dimana penanganan pada pasien pasca stroke hanya menitik beratkan pada kemampuan motorik dan kurang memperhatikan kontrol postural. Sedangkan pada pasien pasca stroke memiliki masalah dengan kontrol postural yang berfungsi mengontrol posisi badan agar tetap tegak. Adanya masalah tersebut menghambat gerakan pada pasien pasca stroke dan mengakibatkan bertambahnya gangguan keseimbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap perbaikan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke. Rancangan penelitian one group pre-test and post-test design dengan sampel sebanyak 6 orang yang diberikan latihan stabilisasi postural sebanyak 3x/minggu selama 1 bulan. Hasil Penelitian FRT sebelum perlakuan didapatkan rerata±SD sebesar 19,67±6,28 sedangkan rerata±SD FRT setelah perlakuan sebesar 25,50±5,28 dan p=0,004 (p&lt;0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap keseimbangan statis pada pasien pasca stroke. Hasil TUG test sebelum perlakuan didapatkan rerata±SD sebesar 31,17±1,82 sedangkan rerata±SD TUG test setelah perlakuan sebesar 18,50±5,17 dan p = 0,027 (p &lt; 0,05). Data ini juga menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara latihan stabilisasi postural terhadap keseimbangan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke. Latihan stabilisasi postural meningkatkan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis pada pasien pasca stroke.<br />Kata kunci: Latihan, Keseimbangan , Stroke<br />ABSTRACT Many cases of stroke in the field, where the handling of post-stroke patients only focuses on motor skills and lack of attention to postural control. While in post-stroke patients have problems with postural control that controls the position of the body to remain upright. The existence of these problems hamper the movement in post-stroke patients and lead to increased disturbance of balance. This study aims to know the benefits of postural stabilization exercises to improve static and dynamic balance in patients with post stroke. This was an experimental pre using the design of a one group pre-test and post-test design. The number of subjects as many as 6 people, get as much 3x/minggu postural stabilization exercises for 1 month. Result of FRT before treatment obtained a mean ± SD of 19.67 ± 6.28 while the mean ± SD FRT after treatment for 25.50 ± 5.28 and p = 0.004 (p &lt;0.05). It shows atients with post stroke. Results TUG test before and after treatment. TUG test results obtained before treatment the mean ± SD of 31.17 ± 1.82 while the mean ± SD TUG test after treatment for 18.50 ± 5.17 and p = 0.027 (p &lt;0.05). It means there is influence between postural stabilization exercises on dynamic balance in patients with post stroke.The postural stabilization exercises enhance static and dynamic balance in patients with post stroke.<br />Keywords: Exercise, balance, Stroke</p>

A Response Evocation Program for /ɝ/

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Professional Issues ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Program Step ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
Learning Principles

A response evocation program, some principles underlying its development and administration, and a review of some clinical experiences with the program are presented. Sixty-five children with developmental articulation errors of the /ɝ/ phoneme were administered the program by one of 19 clinicians. Approximately 70% of program administrations resulted in a child emitting a good /ɝ/ within six minutes. Approximately 10% of children who were given additional training on program step failures emitted good /ɝ/'s in subsequent sessions. These preliminary observations are discussed in relation to the role of task analysis and motor skills learning principles in response evocation, clinician influences in program outcomes, and professional issues in service delivery to children with developmental articulation errors.

scholarly journals Effects of white Gaussian noise on dynamic balance in healthy young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyou Zhou ◽  
Can Wu ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Yujuan Chai ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Short Time

AbstractIt has been known that short-time auditory stimulation can contribute to the improvement of the balancing ability of the human body. The present study aims to explore the effects of white Gaussian noise (WGN) of different intensities and frequencies on dynamic balance performance in healthy young adults. A total of 20 healthy young participants were asked to stand at a dynamic balance force platform, which swung along the x-axis with an amplitude of ± 4° and frequency of 1 Hz. Their center of pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded when they were stimulated by WGN of different intensities (block 1) and different frequencies (block 2). A traditional method and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used for data preprocessing. The authors found that only with 75–85 dB WGN, the COP parameters improved. WGN frequency did not affect the dynamic balance performance of all the participants. The DFA results indicated stimulation with 75 dB WGN enhanced the short-term index and reduced the crossover point. Stimulation with 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN significantly enhanced the short-term index. These results suggest that 75 dB WGN and 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN improved the participants’ dynamic balance performance. The results of this study indicate that a certain intensity of WGN is indispensable to achieve a remarkable improvement in dynamic balance. The DFA results suggest that WGN only affected the short-term persistence, indicating the potential of WGN being considered as an adjuvant therapy in low-speed rehabilitation training.

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