Mineralogy and microfossils as key drivers for the characterization of the Phoenician Red Slip Ware from Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain)

2022 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 107054
Author(s):  
L. Fabrizi ◽  
F. Cappella ◽  
F. Spagnoli ◽  
L. Nigro ◽  
A.M. Niveau-De-Villedary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Drivers

A New In-line Laser-based Acoustic Technique for Pillar Bump Metrology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000486-000492
Author(s):  
Todd W. Murray ◽  
Andrew Bakir ◽  
David M. Stobbe ◽  
Michael J. Kotelyanskii ◽  
Robin A. Mair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Acoustic Technique ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Improved Performance

The drive to reduce the interconnect pitch and increase the number of connections for packaging in mobile devices has led to the development of copper pillar bumps. The key drivers for the adoption of copper pillars are improved performance, reduced form factor and lower cost. In this paper, we present a laser-based acoustic technique for the characterization of multi-layer pillars. This non-contact technique has a high sensitivity for materials characterization with micron-scale spatial resolution. Absorption of laser light causes excitation of elastic waves that propagate through the pillar and are reflected by the pillar walls, exciting vibrational modes in the structure. We have demonstrated that our approach is sensitive to the thicknesses of individual layers in bi-layer and tri-layer copper pillar stacks. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB SEM) has been used to optimize the model and to validate the accuracy of the technique.

Thermal treatment of plutonium contaminated material (PCM) waste

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Luke Boast ◽  
M.C. Stennett ◽  
Neil C. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTKey drivers for the application of thermal treatment processes include the reduced volume, improved passive safety, and superior long term stability of the vitrified wasteform products. These advantages have led to a renewed interest in thermally treating various UK ILW streams. To support the increased investment in thermal treatment technologies a fundamental understanding of the processes and the impact of waste inventory needs to be established. The research described in this report aims to provide the evidence necessary to support a major investment in thermal treatment of Plutonium Contaminated Materials (PCM). The report describes the use of laboratory scale waste simulants to develop an understanding of the waste and matrix interactions during thermal treatment of PCM waste. The report includes the thermal treatment process and characterization of the vitrified product.

Discovery and Characterization of Super-Enhancer-Associated Dependencies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3539-3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ryan Corces-Zimmerman ◽  
Matthew Eaton ◽  
Jeremy Lopez ◽  
Nan Ke ◽  
Christian Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Super Enhancer ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Misregulation of genes that play an important role in transcription and chromatin biology is a salient feature of many hematological cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Numerous genome-wide analyses in AML have provided evidence linking recurring genetic mutations to epigenomic alterations and disease-specific gene expression programs but the prognostic value and clinical utility of these findings remain unclear. Recently, a novel class of densely clustered cis-regulatory elements termed super-enhancers have emerged as key effectors initiating and maintaining cell type-specific gene expression in a variety of physiological and disease settings, including cancer. Tumor-specific super-enhancers regulate key oncogenes and other cancer-essential genes, providing a novel target discovery strategy for detecting both known and unrecognized cancer dependencies of high diagnostic and therapeutic value. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of super-enhancer domains across a cohort of nearly 50 AML patients and relevant normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell controls. We identified unique, clone-specific cancer targets encoding protein kinases, chromatin regulators, and lineage-specific transcription factors, including key drivers of AML such as FLT3, CDK6, and MYB. In addition, we have identified clusters of AML cases with shared super-enhancer domains suggesting convergence on common key drivers of AML. We provide the biological and disease relevance of super-enhancer-associated genes in the context of tumor cell state and drug-target discovery and establish a molecular rationale for developing therapies based on these new insights. Disclosures Eaton: Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lopez:Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ke:Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Fritz:Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Olson:Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Loven:Syros Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership.

Stratigraphic Characterization of the Eagle Ford Shale to Identify the Best Landing Zone: A Semi-analytical Workflow

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Ajit K. Sahoo ◽  
Vikram Vishal ◽  
Mukul Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Eagle Ford Shale ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Landing Zone ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Relationship

Placement of the horizontal well within the best landing zone is critical to maximize well productivity, thus identification of the best landing zone is important. This paper illustrates an integrated semi-analytical workflow to carry out the stratigraphic characterization of the Eagle Ford shale to identify the best landing zone. The objective of this work is twofold: 1) to establish a workflow for stratigraphic characterization and 2) to understand the local level variability in the well performance.To establish the workflow, we have used the production data, petrophysical information and regional reservoir property maps. As a first step of the workflow, we subdivided the Eagle Ford shale into nine smaller stratigraphic units using the wireline signatures and outcrop study. In the second step, we have used statistical methods such as linear regression, fuzzy groups and theory of granularity to capture the relationship between the geological parameters and the well performances. In this step, we identified volume of clay (Vclay), hydrocarbon filled porosity (HCFP) and total organic carbon (TOC) as key drivers of the well performance. In the third step, we characterized the nine smaller units and identified four stratigraphic units as good reservoirs with two being the best due to their low Vclay, high HCFP and high TOC content.Finally, we reviewed the well paths of four horizontal wells with respect to the best stratigraphic units. We observed that production behavior of these wells is possibly driven by their lateral placement. The better producing wells are placed within the middle of the best stratigraphic units whereas the poor wells are going out the best stratigraphic units. This investigation provides a case study that demonstrates the importance of integrating datasets to identify best landing zones and the suggested workflow can be applied to other areas and reservoirs to better identify targetable zones.

A New In-Line Laser-Based Acoustic Technique for Pillar Bump Metrology

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Todd W. Murray ◽  
Andrew Bakir ◽  
David M. Stobbe ◽  
Michael J. Kotelyanskii ◽  
Robin A. Mair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Acoustic Technique ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Improved Performance

The drive to reduce the interconnect pitch and increase the number of connections for packaging in mobile devices has led to the development of copper pillar bumps. The key drivers for the adoption of copper pillars are improved performance, reduced form factor, and lower cost. In this article, we present a laser-based acoustic technique for the characterization of multilayer pillars. This noncontact technique has a high sensitivity for materials characterization with micron-scale spatial resolution. Absorption of laser light causes excitation of elastic waves that propagate through the pillar and are reflected by the pillar walls, exciting vibrational modes in the structure. We have demonstrated that our approach is sensitive to the thicknesses of individual layers in bilayer and trilayer copper pillar stacks. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) has been used to optimize the model and to validate the accuracy of the technique.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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