Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses of two warm- and cool-season turfgrass species in response to heat stress

Heat stress may limit the growth of turfgrasses through the induction of oxidative stress, causing cellular and physiological damage. The objective of the study was to examine the association of heat and oxidative stresses between warm-season (C4) and cool-season (C3) turfgrasses. Plants of zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella L. Merr. cv. Manila) (C4) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreber cv. Barlexus) (C3) were exposed to optimal temperature conditions (24 °C for tall fescue and 34 °C for zoysiagrass) or heat stress (10 °C above the respective optimal temperature for each species) in growth chambers. Zoysiagrass exhibited less severe decline in turf quality and photochemical efficiency and less severe oxidative damage in cellular membranes as demonstrated by lower membrane electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation compared with tall fescue when both were exposed to heat stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) declined with heat stress for both species, but to a lesser extent in zoysiagrass than in tall fescue, whereas catalase activity did not change significantly under heat stress and did not exhibit species variation. Our results demonstrate that the superior heat tolerance in zoysiagrass in comparison with tall fescue was associated with greater oxidative scavenging capacity as a result of the maintenance of higher SOD and POD activities.

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Screening the FIGS Set of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) Germplasm for Tolerance to Terminal Heat and Combined Drought-Heat Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10071036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1036

Author(s):

Noureddine El haddad ◽

Karthika Rajendran ◽

Abdelaziz Smouni ◽

Nour Eddine Es-Safi ◽

Nadia Benbrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Cool Season ◽

Good Source ◽

Protein Fiber ◽

Iron And Zinc

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is one of the most important cool season food legume crops grown in many countries. Seeds are typically rich in protein, fiber, prebiotic carbohydrates and minerals, such as iron and zinc. With changing climate and variability, the lentil crop faces frequent droughts and heat stress of varying intensity in its major production zones. In the present study, a set of 162 lentil accessions selected through the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) were screened for tolerance to heat stress and combined heat-drought stresses under field conditions at two contrasting locations, namely Marchouch and Tessaout in Morocco. The results showed a significant genotypic variation for heat tolerance and combined heat-drought tolerance among the accessions at both locations. Based on the heat tolerance index (HTI), accessions, namely ILL 7833, ILL 6338 and ILL 6104, were selected as potential sources of heat tolerance at Marchouch, and ILL 7814 and ILL 8029 at Tessaout. Using the stress tolerance index (STI), ILL 7835, ILL 6075 and ILL 6362 were identified as the most tolerant lines (STI > 1) at Marchouch, and ILL 7814, ILL 7835 and ILL 7804 (STI > 1) at Tessaout, under the combined heat-drought stress conditions. Accession ILL 7835 was identified as a good source of stable tolerance to heat stress and combined heat-drought stress at both locations.

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Drought and Heat Stress Injury to Two Cool‐Season Turfgrasses in Relation to Antioxidant Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2001.412436x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 436-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 218

Author(s):

Yiwei Jiang ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Cool Season ◽

Stress Injury ◽

Antioxidant Metabolism ◽

Drought And Heat Stress

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The Improvement of Thermotolerance in Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass by Activating the Antioxidative System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Hong Fei Yang ◽

Jian Long Li

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Cool Season ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

And Control ◽

Gpx Activity

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of low concentration on thermotolerance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Barlexas) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Accent) was studied following a foliar pretreatment with 10 mM H2O2. Antioxidative enzymes activities and antioxidant content were measured in both cool-season turfgrass cultivars under heat stress (38/30 °C, day/night) and control normal temperature (26/15 °C, day/night). While activities of catalase(CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-dependent peroxidases (GPX) were enhanced by H2O2pretreatment during heat stress. APX, GR and GPX activities were significantly enhanced during heat stress. These were likely the most important antioxidative enzymes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass protecting plants against heat stress. The thermotolerance was also concomitant with an increased glutathione pool, as evaluated by the significant increase of the total glutathione pool in two pretreated cultivars. The increase of POD, CAT, APX, GR activities and significant increase of GPX activity prior to the initiation of heat stress in pre-treatment plants suggested a possible role for H2O2as a signaling molecule protecting them against the subsequent heat-induced damage.

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Effects of heat acclimation pretreatment on changes of membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant metabolites, and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in two cool-season turfgrass species under heat stress

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 274-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 267

Author(s):

Sheng Xu ◽

Jianlong Li ◽

Xinquan Zhang ◽

Hong Wei ◽

Langjun Cui

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Acclimation ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Membrane Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Cool Season ◽

Antioxidant Metabolites

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Expression Profiling of Heat Shock Protein Genes as Putative Early Heat-Responsive Members in Lettuce

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7090312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Yeeun Kang ◽

Suk-Woo Jang ◽

Hee Ju Lee ◽

Derek W. Barchenger ◽

Seonghoe Jang

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Cool Season ◽

Potential Link ◽

Hsp Genes

High temperatures due to global warming can cause harmful effects on the productivity of lettuce, a cool-season crop. To identify lettuce heat shock protein (HSP) genes that could be involved in early responses to heat stress in plants, we compared RNA transcriptomes between lettuce plants with and without heat treatment of 37 °C for 1 h. Using transcriptome sequencing analyses, a total of 7986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including the top five, LsHSP70A, LsHSP70B, LsHSP17.3A, LsHSP17.9A and LsHSP17.9B, which were the most highly differentially expressed genes. In order to investigate the temporal expression patterns of 24 lettuce HSP genes with a fold-change greater than 100 under heat stress, the expression levels of the genes were measured by qRT-PCR at 0, 1, 4, 8, 14, and 24 h time points after heat treatment. The 24 LsHSP genes were classified into three groups based on the phylogenetic analysis and/or major domains available in each protein, and we provided a potential link between the phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns of the LsHSP genes. Our results showed putative early heat-responsive lettuce HSP genes that could be possible candidates as breeding guides for the development of heat-tolerant lettuce cultivars.

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Differential Responses to Heat Stress in Activities and Isozymes of Four Antioxidant Enzymes for Two Cultivars of Kentucky Bluegrass Contrasting in Heat Tolerance

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.135.2.116 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 116-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yali He ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Cool Season ◽

Chl A ◽

Antioxidant Mechanisms

Understanding antioxidant mechanisms for heat stress is important for improving heat tolerance in cool-season plant species. The objective of this study was to identify antioxidant enzymes associated with cultivar variations in heat tolerance in kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) by comparing heat responses of activity and isoforms of antioxidant enzymes in two cultivars contrasting in heat tolerance. Plants of heat-tolerant ‘Eagleton’ and heat-sensitive ‘Brilliant’ were exposed to 20 °C (control) or 40 °C (heat stress) for 28 days in growth chambers. Chlorophyll (Chl) a content remained unchanged and Chl b content increased in ‘Eagleton’, while both of them decreased in ‘Brilliant’, and by 28 days, ‘Eagleton’ had significantly higher Chl a and b content than ‘Brilliant’. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in ‘Eagleton’ than in ‘Brilliant’ by 28 days of heat stress. An isozyme SOD2 was induced early during heat stress in ‘Eagleton’, while isozyme SOD3 degraded, to a lesser extent in ‘Eagleton’ than in ‘Brilliant’. Catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased in ‘Brilliant’ but remained constant in ‘Eagleton’, and ‘Brilliant’ had a significantly higher CAT activity and isozyme CAT1 than ‘Eagleton’ during heat stress. Significant increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities occurred under heat stress, to a greater extent in ‘Eagleton’, whereas isozymes did not exhibit difference between cultivars. Guaiacol-peroxidase (POD) activity declined during heat stress in both cultivars. The intensity of POD isozymes in ‘Brilliant’ remained constant, while ‘Eagleton’ showed a transient increases in POD1 at 7 days of heat stress. Our results indicated that antioxidant defense mechanisms for heat tolerance in kentucky bluegrass could be mainly associated with changes in activity and forms of isozymes of SOD for O2 scavenging and APX activity for H2O2 scavenging under heat stress.

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Inheritance of heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Poaceae): evidence from progeny array analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11782

Author(s):

Wagdi S. Soliman ◽

Ahmed M. Abbas ◽

Stephen J. Novak ◽

Masahiro Fujimori ◽

Kazuhiro Tase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Global Climate ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Cool Season ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

F1 Progeny

Background Heat stress is considered one of the most important environmental factors influencing plant physiology, growth, development, and reproductive output. The occurrence and damage caused by heat stress will likely increase with global climate change. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance, especially in cool season plants. Materials and Methods In this study, we assessed the inheritance of heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. subspecies perenne) , a cool season grass, through a comparison of two parental cultivars with their offspring. We crossed plants of a heat tolerant cultivar (Kangaroo Valley) with plants of a heat sensitive cultivar (Norlea), to generate 72 F1 hybrid progeny arrays. Both parents and their progeny were then exposed to heat stress for 40 days, and their photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm values) and leaf H2O2 content were measured. Results As expected, Kangaroo Valley had significantly higher Fv/Fm values and significantly lower H2O2 concentrations than Norlea. For the F1 progeny arrays, values of Fv/Fm decreased gradually with increasing exposure to heat stress, while the content of H2O 2 increased. The progeny had a wide distribution of Fv/Fm and H 2O2 values at 40 days of heat stress. Approximately 95% of the 72 F1 progeny arrays had Fv/Fm values that were equal to or intermediate to the values of the two parental cultivars and 68% of the progeny arrays had H2O2 concentrations equal to or intermediate to their two parents. Conclusion Results of this study indicate considerable additive genetic variation for heat tolerance among the 72 progeny arrays generated from these crosses, and such diversity can be used to improve heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass cultivars. Our findings point to the benefits of combining physiological measurements within a genetic framework to assess the inheritance of heat tolerance, a complex plant response.

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Ectopic Expression of Os-miR408 Improves Thermo-Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11101930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1930

Author(s):

Geli Taier ◽

Nan Hang ◽

Tianran Shi ◽

Yanrong Liu ◽

Wenxin Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Target Genes ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Cool Season ◽

Positive Role

With global warming, high temperature stress has become a main threat to the growth of cool-season turfgrasses, including perennial ryegrass. As one of the conserved plant microRNA families, miR408s are known to play roles in various abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, and oxidative stress, but no report, thus far, was found for heat. Here, perennial ryegrass plants overexpressing rice Os-miR408 were used to investigate the role of miR408 in plant heat tolerance. Both wild type (WT) and miR408 transgenic perennial ryegrass plants (TG) were subjected to short-term heat stress at 38 °C for 72 h (experiment 1) or at 42 °C for 48 h (experiment 2), and then let recover for 7 days at optimum temperature. Morphological changes and physiological parameters, including antioxidative responses of TG and WT plants, were compared. The results showed that miR408 downregulated the expression of two putative target genes, PLASTOCYANIN and LAC3. Additionally, overexpression of Os-miR408 improved thermo-tolerance of perennial ryegrass, demonstrated by lower leaf lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, and higher relative water content after both 38 and 42 °C heat stresses. In addition, the enhanced thermotolerance of TG plants could be associated with its morphological changes (e.g., narrower leaves, smaller tiller angles) and elevated antioxidative capacity. This study is the first that experimentally reported a positive role of miR408 in plant tolerance to heat stress, which provided useful information for further understanding the mechanism by which miR408 improved plant high-temperature tolerance, and offered a potential genetic resource for breeding heat-resistant cool-season turfgrass in the future.

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