Processing and mechanical performances of Poly(Butylene Succinate–co–Adipate) (PBSA) and raw hydrolyzed collagen (HC) thermoplastic blends

AbstractTwo different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), by-products of the Tannery industry, were investigated in blends with a bioplastic, as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), for the production of thermoplastic items for possible applications in agriculture. Chemical characterization of selected PBSA/HC blends and phytotoxicity assays on garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum L.), used as spy species, were carried out; in addition, biodegradation and disintegration of specimens were assessed under controlled composting conditions at different temperature (58 and 25 °C). Although one of the HC investigated released sodium chloride in the aqueous extract, all PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt.% HC, resulted no-phytotoxic and showed considerable amounts of macro- and micro- nutrients for plants (mainly nitrogen). Regardless the amount added, HCs enhanced the biodegradation rate of PBSA/HC blends in compost at 58 °C compared to pure PBSA; lowering the temperature at 25 °C, as expected, biodegradation rate slightly lowered using the same compost. Most disintegration tests, performed on dog bone samples, corroborated the results of the biodegradation tests, thus suggesting that plastic mixtures could reasonably end their life cycle in a composting facility without decreasing the quality and the safety of the resulting compost. The outcomes achieved encourage the use of raw collagen hydrolysates from tanning industry in the production of PBSA-based thermoplastic blends to produce compostable items (mulching films and/or plant pots) for more sustainable uses in agriculture and/or plant nurseries. In addition, the use of these low-cost by-products can lower the cost of final product and give it fertilizing properties for plants given the presence of organic nitrogen in the hydrolysates.

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Properties of Thermoplastic Blends with Polypropylene and Collagen Hydrolizate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.235 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 893 ◽

pp. 235-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Monica Puccini ◽

Domenico Castiello ◽

Maurizia Seggiani ◽

Sandra Vitolo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Thermal Analyses ◽

Leather Industry ◽

Flexible Films ◽

Hydrolyzed Collagen ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Tannery Industry ◽

Thermoplastic Blends ◽

Positive Results

Polypropylene-based composites are prepared using hydrolyzed collagen (HC) from wastes of the leather industry. Blends of polypropylene and HC were studied as a function of the blend composition ratio with the aim of developing a formulation with optimal physical-chemical and mechanical properties. The prepared mixtures were characterized by thermal analyses and mechanical test. Blends with content up to of 20-30% of collagen hydrolizate are susceptible to be melt processed to provide transparent, cohesive and flexible films. In front of positive results the reutilization of collagen hydrolizate derived from the tannery industry appears feasible for production of thermoplastic items for applications in packaging and agricultural segments.

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Injection-moulding of nitrogen-foamed bio-based microcellular poly(butylene succinate): Processing conditions/foam structure/flexural properties relationship

Polymers from Renewable Resources ◽

10.1177/2041247920952653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1-2) ◽

pp. 30-46

Author(s):

Nazim Ykhlef ◽

Eric Lafranche

Keyword(s):

Cell Density ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Back Pressure ◽

Flexural Properties ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Melt Temperature ◽

Thickness Change ◽

Foam Structure ◽

Mechanical Performances

This paper aims to identify the main processing parameters that optimize as well the microcellular structure (cell size, cell density) of nitrogen (N2) foamed injection-moulded poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as the resultant flexural properties of the part. The part beam geometry was designed so as to reproduce some geometrical shapes (e.g. thickness change, ribs, bosses or holes) occurring on most of industrial parts. A Taguchi L9 design of experiments (DOE) has been first used to quantify the effects of processing conditions on microcellular structure and mechanical performances. Among the processing parameters, the melt temperature, gas content, injection volumetric flow rate and back pressure were chosen for the DOE due to their level of influence on gas dissolution and nucleation phases. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the microcellular structure depended mainly on nitrogen content and, to a lesser extent, on back pressure representation of gas pressure saturation in the PBS/N2 system during the feeding stage. The resultant specific flexural properties were controlled by the skin/core ratio as well as the finesse of foam structure (cell sizes, cell density) but a 15% loss in specific performances was noted compared with the unfoamed part. The microcellular structure/mechanical performances could be thus established from the microstructure analysis. In a second step, the foamed microcellular structure has been improved by introduction of micro-talc in the PBS acting as cell nucleating agent (heterogeneous nucleation). A significant increase in cell density and cell reduction (40%) were observed.

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Thermoplastic Blends Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Adipate) and Different Collagen Hydrolysates from Tanning Industry: I—Processing and Thermo-mechanical Properties

Journal of Polymers and the Environment ◽

10.1007/s10924-020-01880-y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maurizia Seggiani ◽

Roberto Altieri ◽

Patrizia Cinelli ◽

Alessandro Esposito ◽

Andrea Lazzeri

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

A Value ◽

Consequent Reduction ◽

Thermoplastic Blends ◽

Collagen Hydrolysates ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract In this study, blends of a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester, poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) with two different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), derived from the tannery industry, were investigated in terms of processability, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. HCs, obtained by alkaline (HCa) and enzymatic (HCe) hydrolysis of the solid wastes generated during the shaving of the tanned leather, were used in PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt% of HC, produced by melting extrusion and processed by injection molding. All the blends up to 20 wt% HCs resulted suitable for the injection molding obtaining flexible molded specimens with good tensile properties. The different secondary structure of the two HCs influenced the rheology, morphology and mechanical properties of the produced blends. In particular, HCa, due its higher content of oligopeptides and free amino-acids, showed a good compatibility with the polymeric matrix acting as a plasticizer with consequent reduction of melt viscosity with increasing its loading. The molded dog-bones specimens containing 20 wt% HCa showed a value of elongation at break of 810%. While, HCe, due its higher presence of b-sheet structures, behaved as organic filler, showing a poor interfacial interaction with PBSA with consequent decrease of the tensile properties with increasing its loading. The good processability and satisfactory mechanical properties obtained encourage the use of both investigated collagen hydrolysates in the production of thermoplastic blends and relative molded products for applications in agriculture and plant nurseries, such as pots or small containers with fertilizing properties, due the presence of HCs.

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Statistical design of sustainable thermoplastic blends of poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) (PGSMA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)

Polymer Testing ◽

10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.12.018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 420-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Oscar Valerio ◽

Manjusri Misra ◽

Amar K. Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Thermoplastic Blends

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Biodegradable nanocomposite of poly(ester-co-carbonate) and cellulose nanocrystals for tough tear-resistant disposable bags

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc04072j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 2293-2299

Author(s):

Hyeri Kim ◽

Hyeonyeol Jeon ◽

Giyoung Shin ◽

Minkyung Lee ◽

Jonggeon Jegal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Mechanical Performances

The “3C-tuning” via chemical designing and nanocompositing upgrades mechanical performances of poly(butylene succinate) to a remarkable level with accelerated biodegradation.

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Methods of measurement for consumer-use digital VTRs. Electronic and mechanical performances

10.3403/02602122 ◽

2002 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performances ◽

Methods Of Measurement

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Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1025-1026 ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽

Pranut Potiyaraj

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Fumed Silica ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

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Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Alessandro Nanni ◽

Mariafederica Parisi ◽

Martino Colonna

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Plastic Industry ◽

Review Reports ◽

By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

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