scholarly journals Thermoplastic Blends Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Adipate) and Different Collagen Hydrolysates from Tanning Industry: I—Processing and Thermo-mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizia Seggiani ◽  
Roberto Altieri ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Alessandro Esposito ◽  
Andrea Lazzeri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
A Value ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Thermoplastic Blends ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract In this study, blends of a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester, poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) with two different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), derived from the tannery industry, were investigated in terms of processability, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. HCs, obtained by alkaline (HCa) and enzymatic (HCe) hydrolysis of the solid wastes generated during the shaving of the tanned leather, were used in PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt% of HC, produced by melting extrusion and processed by injection molding. All the blends up to 20 wt% HCs resulted suitable for the injection molding obtaining flexible molded specimens with good tensile properties. The different secondary structure of the two HCs influenced the rheology, morphology and mechanical properties of the produced blends. In particular, HCa, due its higher content of oligopeptides and free amino-acids, showed a good compatibility with the polymeric matrix acting as a plasticizer with consequent reduction of melt viscosity with increasing its loading. The molded dog-bones specimens containing 20 wt% HCa showed a value of elongation at break of 810%. While, HCe, due its higher presence of b-sheet structures, behaved as organic filler, showing a poor interfacial interaction with PBSA with consequent decrease of the tensile properties with increasing its loading. The good processability and satisfactory mechanical properties obtained encourage the use of both investigated collagen hydrolysates in the production of thermoplastic blends and relative molded products for applications in agriculture and plant nurseries, such as pots or small containers with fertilizing properties, due the presence of HCs.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Blends Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Adipate) and Different Collagen Hydrolysates from Tanning Industry—II: Aerobic Biodegradation in Composting Medium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Altieri ◽  
Maurizia Seggiani ◽  
Alessandro Esposito ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Vitale Stanzione
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Thermoplastic Blends ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates ◽  
By Products ◽  
Tanning Industry

AbstractTwo different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), by-products of the Tannery industry, were investigated in blends with a bioplastic, as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), for the production of thermoplastic items for possible applications in agriculture. Chemical characterization of selected PBSA/HC blends and phytotoxicity assays on garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum L.), used as spy species, were carried out; in addition, biodegradation and disintegration of specimens were assessed under controlled composting conditions at different temperature (58 and 25 °C). Although one of the HC investigated released sodium chloride in the aqueous extract, all PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt.% HC, resulted no-phytotoxic and showed considerable amounts of macro- and micro- nutrients for plants (mainly nitrogen). Regardless the amount added, HCs enhanced the biodegradation rate of PBSA/HC blends in compost at 58 °C compared to pure PBSA; lowering the temperature at 25 °C, as expected, biodegradation rate slightly lowered using the same compost. Most disintegration tests, performed on dog bone samples, corroborated the results of the biodegradation tests, thus suggesting that plastic mixtures could reasonably end their life cycle in a composting facility without decreasing the quality and the safety of the resulting compost. The outcomes achieved encourage the use of raw collagen hydrolysates from tanning industry in the production of PBSA-based thermoplastic blends to produce compostable items (mulching films and/or plant pots) for more sustainable uses in agriculture and/or plant nurseries. In addition, the use of these low-cost by-products can lower the cost of final product and give it fertilizing properties for plants given the presence of organic nitrogen in the hydrolysates.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Poly(Hydroxybutyrate-co-Hydroxyhexanoate) Polymer Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Maleated Compatibiliser

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir ◽  
Muhammad Dzulakmal Hazahar ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
A Value ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Internal Mixer

Poly(butylene succinate)/Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PBS/PHBHH) blends were prepared using melt blending in an internal mixer at 160°C. Mechanical and morphological properties of the blends, with ratios of 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50, are studied by tensile test and microscopy analysis. The effects of maleated PHBHH (PHBHHgMA) compatibiliser on the blend’s mechanical and morphological properties are also investigated. The compatibiliser is prepared by melt grafting maleic anhydride (MA) onto PHBHH at 160°C, in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator. In this study, the purified compatibiliser is added to the blends. The highest tensile strength was achieved by the 10/90 blend, with a value of 24.83MPa; which is slightly higher than the neat PBS. The tensile modulus of the blends decreased with increasing PBS ratio, and approximately followed the Rule of Mixtures. Meanwhile, the elongation at break achieved its optimum value at 10wt. % PBS loading. The addition of PHBHHgMA at 5wt. % improved the tensile properties of all blends; with the highest value being achieved by the 10/90 blend ratio. Morphological observation via SEM was conducted to observe phase morphology and compatibility between the blend’s components.

scholarly journals Research Regarding the Mechanical Properties of Some Biodegradable Polymeric Composites for Food Packaging Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-501
Author(s):  
Constantin Gheorghe Opran ◽  
Elena Grosu ◽  
Marius Enachescu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Amorphous Character ◽  
Sem Analyses

Biodegradable polymers became one of the most important materials with large applicability, as they do not generate wastes after life cycle. An important application is food packaging fabricated by injection molding processing. In this paper, we present the investigation of the mechanical properties of some biodegradable polymers based on PLA composites obtained by melting processing and their morphology studied by SEM analyses, in comparison to polypropylene and neat PLA. We found out that tensile strength, elongation at break and Young modulus exhibit values appropriate to injection molding processing and they are very close related to crystalline or amorphous character of the materials.

Mechanical Properties of Chitosan Modified Montmorillonite Filled Tapioca Starch Nanocomposite Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Waqina Abdul Ghani ◽  
Aznizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Sani Amril Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Cavity Thickness

This study was carried out to develop renewable and degradable plastics film with good mechanical properties. The mechanical properties between compatibilized montmorillonite (MMT)/chitosan filled tapioca starch (TPS), uncompatibilized MMT/TPS, and chitosan/TPS nanocomposite films were investigated. Experimental works were started with the extraction of local chitosan from chitin derived from prawn shells which involving deprotenization, demineralization and deacetylation treatments. Degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined using infrared spectroscopy method. Chitosan was acted as compatibilizer between MMT and starch in order to improve the dispersion of MMT in nanocomposite systems. Nanocomposite films were prepared using a solution casting method with addition of glycerol as the plasticizer. The starch solution was cast onto PTFE mold with cavity thickness of 0.5mm. Characterizations of the nanocomposite films were done using Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR). Tensile properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The compatibilized nanocomposite films, chitosan/MMT/TPS give significant effects to tensile properties. Chitosan has played its role as the compatibilizer and also as flexibility improvers to nanocomposite films because elongation at break improved after addition of chitosan.

The Compositional Effect of Water-Soluble POSS Hybrid PNIPA Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Wen Yong Liu ◽  
Guang Sheng Zeng ◽  
Jun Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compositional Effect ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogels

The nanosized water-soluble Oa-POSS particles were added into the PNIPA hydrogels by in situ radical polymerization as a reinforce agent. The mechanical properties are determined by the composition of gels. With the increase of Oa-POSS, the tensile and compression strength is enhanced significantly, while, the elongation at break is still low. The increased BIS, related to the tighter network structure, results in better compression strength, but the tensile properties is not improved obviously.

Injection Molding of PP/CaCO3 Hybrid Composites Toughened with SEBS-g-MA Elastomer: Morphological and Tensile Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Mounir El Achaby ◽  
El Mokhtar Essassi ◽  
Abou El Kacem Qaiss
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The aim of this work is to prepare, by extrusion, blends of polypropylene (PP)/styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene-g-maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) at the ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 80/20. Then, a amount of 10 wt% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was added to each polymer blend to prepare (PP/SEBS-g-MA)/CaCO3 composites with effective ratios of (100/0)/10 (95/5)/10, (90/10)/10, (85/15)/15 and (80/20)/10. Morphological and tensile properties of PP/SEBS-g-MA, PP/CaCO3 and (PP/SEBS-g-MA)/ CaCO3 were evaluated and compared. It was found that the presence of SEBS-g-MA improves the particle dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The tensile properties of PP polymer were affected by addition of SEBS-g-MA and/or CaCO3. Indeed, the addition of only SEBS-g-MA the youngs modulus and tensile strength of PP were remarkably decreased and the elongation at break was significantly increased. In contrast, the PP/ CaCO3 composites shows improved youngs modulus and tensile strength and reduced elongation at break in regard to neat PP. A balance between these selected properties was found in (PP/SEBS-g-MA)/CaCO3 composites, while the youngs, tensile strength and elongation at break were together increased. .

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ADDITIVE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO/PBS COMPOSITES

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 780-784
Author(s):  
YEON-HEE LEE ◽  
HAN-KI YOON ◽  
HITOSHI TAKAGI ◽  
KAZUYA OHKITA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Environment Friendly

Compared with general composites which are produced from fossil fuel, biodegradable resins have received considerable attention as an environment-friendly material. Bamboo fiber has relatively high strength compared with other natural fibers. Therefore, the focus of this study is to produce bamboo fiber reinforced Poly butylene succinate (PBS) composites by injection molding and to study the effects of additive on mechanical properties of this bamboo/PBS composite. The injection-molding is a highly productive fabrication technique. Bamboo/PBS composites were examined by flexural test and Vickers hardness. Also we examined fracture surface and microstructure of the bamboo/PBS composites by microscope.

Biocomposites from Cassava Pulp/Polylactic Acid/Poly(butylene Succinate)

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parina Kangwanwatthanasiri ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, effect of PBS content on physical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) blends was studied. The content of PBS was varied from 0 30 %wt. The blends were mixed using an internal mixer. The samples were prepared using a compression molding. It was shown that tensile strength and Youngs modulus of PLA/PBS blends were decreased with increasing PBS content from to 0 30 %wt. Nevertheless, elongation at break and impact strength of the blend were increased with increasing the amount of PBS up to 20 %wt. Polylactic acid grafted glycidyl methacrylate (PLA-g-GMA) was used as the compatibilizer in PLA/PBS/PLA-g-GMA blends. PLA-g-GMA was shown to improve interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBS. With the addition of PLA-g-GMA, mechanical properties of PLA/PBS blend were improved. The preparation of cassava pulp (CP) to be used as filler in PLA/PBS blends and PLA/PBS/PLA-g-GMA blends was studied. Effect of CP content on mechanical properties CP/PLA/PBS composites was studied. PLA-g-GMA was also used as compatibilizer in CP/PLA/PBS composites. The mechanical properties of CP/PLA/PBS composites were improved with the addition of PLA-g-GMA as well.

Applications of Core Retraction in Manufacturing Low-Density Polypropylene Foams with Microcellular Injection Molding

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh Kharbas ◽  
Thomas Ellingham ◽  
Lih-Sheng Turng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cavity Volume ◽  
The Core ◽  
Process Use ◽  
Incomplete Filling ◽  
Microcellular Injection Molding

Without modifying existing part and mold designs, the conventional microcellular injection molding (MIM) process can typically save about 5–10% material without encountering problems such as incomplete filling, excessive shrinkage, or deteriorating microstructure and mechanical properties. In this study core retraction was used in combination with the MIM process to produce thick polypropylene (PP) parts (up to 7.6 mm thick) with high density reductions of 30% and 55%. The cavity volume was modified by changing the retraction distance, which enabled control of density reductions. The lowest densities were achieved with this core retraction-aided microcellular injection molding (CR-MIM) process, the results of which could not have been achieved by the conventional MIM process alone. The effects of delay time in core retraction and weight reduction on the microstructure of the core and skin layers were investigated. It was shown that the CR-MIM process yielded better microstructure and tensile properties than the conventional MIM process. Use of core retraction also yielded more consistent densities and tensile properties throughout the length of the foamed parts.

The Study of Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Recycled Nitrile Glove Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds (NBRr/ENR25)

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Afiratul ◽  
N.Z. Noimam ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of mechanical properties (tensile properties and resilience test) and morphology of recycled nitrile glove (NBRr) filled epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) were examined. Two different size ranges of NBRr particles, i.e., S1 (250μm-500μm) and S2(2cm-5cm) were used in this study. The NBRr/ENR25 compounds with five different compositions of NBRr (5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 phr) were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The result indicated that the tensile properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break decreased as the ratio of NBRr increased. Meanwhile stress at 100% elongation show an increasing trend with the addition of recycled nitrile glove in ENR25. The resilience properties of NBRr/ENR25 compounds decreased when NBRr loading increased. The scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the fine size, S1 of NBRr particles in NBRr/ENR25 compounds illustrated a better NBRr-ENR25 matrix interaction compared with coarse size, S2 of NBRr particles. The results overall indicated that the NBRr/ENR25 with fine size, S1 of NBRrparticles show better mechanical properties (tensile properties and resilience properties) and morphology compared to coarse size, S2 of NBRr particles.

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