Getting back to basics during a public health emergency: a framework to prepare and respond to infectious disease public health emergencies

Public Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Craig ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
A. Li ◽  
S. Otsu ◽  
Q.Y. Khut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

scholarly journals 18.H. Workshop: Bringing evidence during public health emergencies: addressing the challenge through HTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Abstract Evidence-based decision-making is central to public health. Implementing evidence-informed actions is most challenging during a public health emergency as in an epidemic, when time is limited, scientific uncertainties and political pressures tend to be high, and irrefutable evidence may be lacking. The process of including evidence in public health decision-making and for evidence-informed policy, in preparation, and during public health emergencies, is not systematic and is complicated by many barriers as the absences of shared tools and approaches for evidence-based preparedness and response planning. Many of today's public health crises are also cross-border, and countries need to collaborate in a systematic and standardized way in order to enhance interoperability and to implement coordinated evidence-based response plans. To strengthen the impact of scientific evidence on decision-making for public health emergency preparedness and response, it is necessary to better define mechanisms through which interdisciplinary evidence feeds into decision-making processes during public health emergencies and the context in which these mechanisms operate. As a multidisciplinary, standardized and evidence-based decision-making tool, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) represents and approach that can inform public health emergency preparedness and response planning processes; it can also provide meaningful insights on existing preparedness structures, working as bridge between scientists and decision-makers, easing knowledge transition and translation to ensure that evidence is effectively integrated into decision-making contexts. HTA can address the link between scientific evidence and decision-making in public health emergencies, and overcome the key challenges faced by public health experts when advising decision makers, including strengthening and accelerating knowledge transfer through rapid HTA, improving networking between actors and disciplines. It may allow a 360° perspective, providing a comprehensive view to decision-making in preparation and during public health emergencies. The objective of the workshop is to explore and present how HTA can be used as a shared and systematic evidence-based tool for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, in order to enable stakeholders and decision makers taking actions based on the best available evidence through a process which is systematic and transparent. Key messages There are many barriers and no shared mechanisms to bring evidence in decision-making during public health emergencies. HTA can represent the tool to bring evidence-informed actions in public health emergency preparedness and response.

scholarly journals The challenge of bringing evidence in decision-making for public health emergencies: can preparedness reach out to HTA?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Chronaki ◽  
A Miglietta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Abstract Evidence-based decision-making is central to public health. Implementing evidence-informed actions is most challenging during a public health emergency as in an epidemic, when time is limited, scientific uncertainties and political pressures tend to be high, and reliable data is typically lacking. The process of including data for preparedness and training for evidence-based decision making in public health emergencies is not systematic and is complicated by many barriers as the absence of common digital tools and approaches for resource planning and update of response plans. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is used with the aim to improve the quality and efficiency of public health interventions and to make healthcare systems more sustainable. Many of today's public health crises are also cross-border, and countries need to collaborate in a systematic and standardized way in order to enhance interoperability to share data and to plan coordinated response. Digital health tools have an important role to play in this setting, facilitating use of knowledge about the population that can potentially affected by the crisis within and across regional and national borders. To strengthen the impact of scientific evidence on decision-making for public health emergency preparedness and response, it is necessary to better define and align mechanisms through which interdisciplinary evidence feeds into decision-making processes during public health emergencies and the context in which these mechanisms operate. Activities and policy development in the HTA network could inform this process. The objective of this presentation is to identify barriers for evidence-based decision making during public health emergencies and discuss how standardization in digital health and HTA processes may help overcome these barriers leading to more effective coordinated and evidence-based public health emergency response.

scholarly journals Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model for Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Xu ◽  
Yukun Cheng ◽  
Shuangliang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Safety And Health

Public health emergencies are more related to the safety and health of the public. For the management of the public health emergencies, all parties’ cooperation is the key to preventing and controlling the emergencies. Based on the assumption of bounded rationality, we formulate a tripartite evolutionary game model, involving the local government, the enterprises, and the public, for the public health emergency, e.g., COVID-19. The evolutionary stable strategies under different conditions of the tripartite evolutionary game are explored, and the effect from different factors on the decision-makings of participants for public health emergencies is also analyzed. Numerical analysis results show that formulating reasonable subsidy measures, encouraging the participation of the public, and enforcing the punishment to enterprises for their negative behaviors can prompt three parties to cooperate in fighting against the epidemic. Our work enriches an understanding of the governance for the public health emergency and provides theoretical support for the local government and related participants to make proper decisions in public health emergencies.

scholarly journals Government Epidemic Prevention and Economic Growth Path Under Public Health Emergency: Theoretical Model and Simulation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Yin ◽  
Xiaoxu Chen ◽  
Zongshu Wang ◽  
Lijin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Economic Output

This paper constructs a partial equilibrium model under public health emergency shocks based on economic growth theory, and investigates the relationship between government intervention and virus transmission and economic growth path. We found that both close contacts tracing measures and isolation measures are beneficial to human capital stock and economic output per capita, and the effect of close contact tracing measures is better than that of isolation measures. For infectious diseases of different intensities, economic growth pathways differed across interventions. For low contagious public health emergencies, the focus should be on the coordination of isolation and tracing measures. For highly contagious public health emergencies, strict isolation, and tracing measures have limited effect in repairing the negative economic impact of the outbreak. The theoretical model provides a basic paradigm for the future researches to study economic growth under health emergencies, with good scalability and robustness.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pembentukan Aturan Terkait Pencegahan Covid-19 di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Dalinama Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Health Regulations

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that has the potential to cause a public health emergency. Therefore, preventive measures against these types of infectious diseases are mandatory as soon as possible. Indonesia as a nation of law, the prevention of infectious diseases is mandatory to be formed in a rule or regulation. The urgency of forming rules related to the prevention of Covid-19 is obliged to be formed in government regulation and regulation of the Minister of Health because both regulations are the implementation rules of Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health. Based on the author's analysis, there are 5 government regulations that must be established in order to perform countermeasures and prevention of infectious disease threats such as Covid-19 and there are 11 mandatory ministerial health regulations that are required to be established In anticipation of the Covid19 threat. Both types of regulations are very useful in anticipating health emergency that ultimately leads to the health of Indonesian people. It is expected that both of rules can be made immediately in order to give legal certainty in preventing the spread of Covid-19 widely. Keyword: Forming Rules, Management, Covid-19   Abstrak Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang berpotensi menimbulkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, tindakan pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dilakukan secepat mungkin. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, maka pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dibentuk dalam sebuah aturan atau regulasi. Urgensi pembentukan aturan terkait dengan pencegahan Covid-19 ini wajib dibentuk dalam Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan karena kedua peraturan tersebut merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan daripada Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan. Berdasarkan analisis penulis, ada 5 Peraturan Pemerintah yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka melakukan tindakan penanggulangan dan pencegahan ancaman penyakit yang mudah menular seperti Covid-19 dan ada 11 Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan terkait yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka mengantisipasi ancaman Covid-19. Kedua jenis peraturan tersebut sangat berguna dalam hal mengantisipasi kedaruratan kesehatan yang pada akhirnya menjurus pada kekarantinaan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Kiranya kedua jenis peraturan ini segera dibuat dalam rangka memberi kepastian hukum dalam mencegah menularnya Covid-19 secara meluas. Kata Kunci: Pembentukan Aturan, Penanggulangan, Covid-19

scholarly journals How Does a Public Health Emergency Motivate People’s Impulsive Consumption? An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Li ◽  
Taiyang Zhao ◽  
Ershuai Huang ◽  
Jianan Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Consumption Choices

Impulsive consumption is a typical behavior that people often present during public health emergencies, which usually leads to negative outcomes. This study investigates how public health emergencies, such as COVID-19, affect people’s impulsive consumption behavior. Data from 1548 individuals in China during the COVID-19 outbreak was collected. The sample covered 297 prefecture-level cities in 31 provincial administrative regions. The research method included the use of a structural equation model to test multiple research hypotheses. The study finds that the severity of a pandemic positively affects people’s impulsive consumption. Specifically, the more severe the pandemic, the more likely people are to make impulsive consumption choices. The results indicate that both perceived control and materialism play mediating roles between the severity of a pandemic and impulsive consumption. As conclusions, people’s impulsive consumption during public health emergencies can be weakened either by enhancing their perceived control or by reducing their materialistic tendency. These conclusions are valuable and useful for a government’s crisis response and disaster risk management.

scholarly journals Examining the application of behaviour change theories in the context of infectious disease outbreaks and emergency response: a review of reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Weston ◽  
Athena Ip ◽  
Richard Amlôt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Abstract Background Behavioural science can play a critical role in combatting the effects of an infectious disease outbreak or public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The current paper presents a synthesis of review literature discussing the application of behaviour change theories within an infectious disease and emergency response context, with a view to informing infectious disease modelling, research and public health practice. Methods A scoping review procedure was adopted for the searches. Searches were run on PubMed, PsychInfo and Medline with search terms covering four major categories: behaviour, emergency response (e.g., infectious disease, preparedness, mass emergency), theoretical models, and reviews. Three further top-up reviews was also conducted using Google Scholar. Papers were included if they presented a review of theoretical models as applied to understanding preventative health behaviours in the context of emergency preparedness and response, and/or infectious disease outbreaks. Results Thirteen papers were included in the final synthesis. Across the reviews, several theories of behaviour change were identified as more commonly cited within this context, specifically, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Protection Motivation Theory, with support (although not universal) for their effectiveness in this context. Furthermore, the application of these theories in previous primary research within this context was found to be patchy, and so further work is required to systematically incorporate and test behaviour change models within public health emergency research and interventions. Conclusion Overall, this review identifies a range of more commonly applied theories with broad support for their use within an infectious disease and emergency response context. The Discussion section details several key recommendations to help researchers, practitioners, and infectious disease modellers to incorporate these theories into their work. Specifically, researchers and practitioners should base future research and practice on a systematic application of theories, beginning with those reported herein. Furthermore, infectious disease modellers should consult the theories reported herein to ensure that the full range of relevant constructs (cognitive, emotional and social) are incorporated into their models. In all cases, consultation with behavioural scientists throughout these processes is strongly recommended to ensure the appropriate application of theory.

scholarly journals Civil-military relations: a review of major guidelines and their relevance during public health emergencies

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001505
Author(s):  
Samuel T Boland ◽  
C McInnes ◽  
S Gordon ◽  
L Lillywhite
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Public Health Emergency Response ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Military Relations

The operational and policy complexity of civil-military relations (CMR) during public health emergencies, especially those involving militaries from outside the state concerned, is addressed in several guiding international documents. Generally, these documents reflect humanitarian perspectives and doctrine at the time of their drafting, and primarily address foreign military involvement in natural and humanitarian disasters. However, in the past decade, there have been significant changes in the geopolitical environment and global health landscapes. Foreign militaries have been increasingly deployed to public health emergencies with responses grounded in public health (rather than humanitarian) approaches, while public health issues are of increasing importance in other deployments. This paper reviews key international policy documents that regulate, guide or otherwise inform CMR in the context of recent events involving international CMR during public health emergency responses, grounded in analysis of a March 2017 Chatham House roundtable event on the subject. Major thematic concerns regarding the application of existing CMR guiding documents to public health emergencies became evident. These include a lack of consideration of public health factors as distinct from a humanitarian approach; the assertion of state sovereignty vis-à-vis the deployment of national militaries; the emergence of new armed, military and security groups and a lack of consensus surrounding the ‘principle of last resort’. These criticisms and gaps—in particular, a consideration for public health contexts and approaches therein—should form the basis of future CMR drafting or revision processes to ensure effective, safe, and sustainable CMR during public health emergency response.

scholarly journals (P2-78) Creating Alternate Care Sites and Community-Based Care Centers for the Delivery of Medical Care During Public Health Emergencies

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s161-s161
Author(s):  
M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Surge Capacity ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Concept Of Operations

IntroductionDeveloping alternative systems to deliver emergency health services during a pandemic or public health emergency is essential to preserving the operation of acute care hospitals and the overall health care infrastructure. Alternate care sites or community-based care centers which can serve as areas for primary screening and triage or short-term medical treatment can assist in diverting non-acute patients from hospital emergency departments and manage non-life threatening illnesses in a systematic and efficient manner. Additionally, if planned for correctly these facilities can also be used to decant less critical patients from inpatient wards thereby increasing the surge capacity of acute care hospitals.MethodsA model concept of operations plan for alternate care sites to be used during pandemics and large-scale public health emergencies was developed over a 3 year period, 2007–2010. Subject matter experts were convened and best-practice methods were used to design operational plans, clinical protocols, modified standards of care, and checklists for facilities appropriate to locate such a facility. This model plan was designed to allow the mild to moderately ill patient to be managed in a non-acute care hospital or community-based care setting and then ultimately return to their homes for convalescence, following a public health emergency where regional surge capacity had been exceeded.ResultsOver three years of interagency, comprehensive planning, training and review was conducted to create the model alternate care site/community-based care center concept of operations plan. Accomplishments and milestones included: Creating stakeholders, engaging community partners, site selection, staffing issues, detailed medical protocols and clinical pathways, functional role development, equipment and supplies, site security, media and communications plans, designing training programs and conducting drills and exercises.ConclusionThe key tenets of the concept, planning, operation and demobilization of an alternate care site or community-based care center will be discussed in this session. Participants will learn what has worked based on our planning experience. Lessons learned and best-practices developed in our program will be presented to assist attendees in beginning or continuing the process of creating surge capacity in the out-of-hospital setting, by planning to operate alternate care sites in their local areas.

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