High (10−3 s−1) densification rates at <0.25 homologous temperature in pressure assisted densification of nanocrystalline MgO: Effects of water absorption and grain size

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
D.M. Dewitt ◽  
Y. Kodera ◽  
J.E. Garay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Homologous Temperature ◽  
Nanocrystalline Mgo

Physical Quality of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longga Linn) Result of Foam-mat Drying Method Using Microwave

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Dhinar Patliani ◽  
Dian Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Two Factors

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in Indonesia is widely known as a herbal medicinal plant, food coloring, and food flavoring. The high water content of turmeric will shorten the storage time and the quality of the ingredients. The need for drying which is the process of removing the moisture content of the material with the aim of prolonging the shelf life. The use of the foam-mat drying method with the addition of adhesives aims to speed up the drying process and maintain the quality of a material. The result of drying turmeric obtained is turmeric powder product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the variation of the microwave oven power and the composition of the developer agent (ovalet). The research procedure was divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of powder and continued with the measurement of physical quality. The stages of making powder begin with the preparation of raw materials, stripping, size reduction, addition of developer, drying, then grinding. The second stage is measuring physical quality, namely fineness modulus, average grain size, powder moisture content, color, water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density. The power variations used are 420 watts, 535 watts, and 680 watts, while the composition of the developer is 1%, 2%, and 4%. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA statistical test with two factors that affect the variation of power and composition of the developer (ovalet). FM values ​​ranged from 0.364 – 1.576, D values ​​ranged from 0.005 – 0.0012 mm, final moisture content values ​​ranged from 7.60 – 9.59%, powder moisture content values ​​ranged from 9.47 – 11.43%ww , L values ​​ranged from 61.46 – 65.96, a values ​​ranged from 13.54 – 16.05, b values ​​ranged from 48.21 – 52.42, DSA values ​​ranged from 2.78 – 3.54 ml/ g, DSM values ​​ranged from 1.22 – 1.60 ml/g, and DC values ​​ranged from 0.38 – 0.44 g/cm3. The combination treatment of drying power with developer is influenced by the drying power of the parameters, namely the value of moisture content, fineness modulus, average grain size, brightness level, redness level, yellowness level, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density. While the developer affects the finenes modulus, average grain size, yellowness level, and bulk density.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Lumpur Lapindo sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Genteng Keramik dengan Variasi Suhu Pembakaran

Eksergi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 08
Author(s):  
Wasir Nuri ◽  
Dyah Tri Retno
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Silica Oxide

Lapindo mudflow issued a very large volume of mud. The mud flooded rice fields, residential and industrial area to date has not been stopped but the mud bursts untapped yet. Therefore, attempted use Lapindo mud very much it to be made tile. Sludge containing 55.4% silica oxide, alumina 16.1% and 8.9% iron with the composition of the possibility of mud can be created tile roof. Dried mud that has been mashed into the grain size of 80 mesh, then water added until plastic. Mud that has plastic printed with size 6 x 3 x 3 cm and then dried using ambient air. After the dried samples were burned using a furnace at temperatures varying from 500 to 900oC, after chilling the samples tested compressive strength, fracture modulus and water absorption. The results showed that the higher the combustion temperature obtained greater compressive strength and less water absorption. Most compressive strength is 142 kg/cm2and smallest water absorption is 0.06 g/cm2at a temperature of 900oC. At combustion temperatures of 500 to 700oC fracture modulus down from 72.78 to 41.81 kg/cm2 while at 700 to 900oC fracture modulus rose to 126.7 kg/cm2. The best results obtained on the combustion temperature at 800oC with fracture modulus 103.18 kg/cm2 and water absorption 0.08 g/cm2.   These results satisfy roof tile as type I according SII.0027 UDC-81. 666.74.

Transparent nanocrystalline MgO by rapid and low-temperature spark plasma sintering

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2527-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachman Chaim ◽  
Zhijian Shen ◽  
Mats Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Color Centers ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Nanocrystalline Mgo

We investigated superfast densification of nanocrystalline MgO powders by spark plasma sintering (SPS) between 700 °C and 825 °C under applied pressures of 100and 150 MPa. Fully-dense transparent nanocrystalline MgO with a 52-nm average grain size was fabricated at 800 °C and 150 MPa for 5 min. In-line transmissionsof 40% and 60% were measured compared to MgO single crystal, for the yellowand red wavelengths, respectively. Densification occurs by particles sliding over each other; the nanometric grain size and pores lead to the optical transparency. The light brownish color of the nanocrystalline MgO is due to the oxygen vacancy color centers, originating from the reducing atmosphere of the SPS process.

Polish clayey raw materials for the production of ceramic tiles

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wyszomirski ◽  
K. Galos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains

AbstractDevelopment of the Polish ceramic industry over the last ten years has resulted in a sharp increase in demand for basic raw materials, especially for ceramic clays – both white- and light-firing as well as red-firing varieties. Polish sources of white-firing clays are rather scarce. Their production is based on Santonian sandy-clayey sediments of the North-Sudetic Trough (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). Light-firing varieties occur mainly in Lower Jurassic sediments on the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland). Red-firing well-sintering clays of Triassic age are known in the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains as well as in the Cracow-Silesian Monocline.The white-firing Santonian clays contain mainly highly-ordered kaolinite (~50%) and quartz (~30%) with minor amounts of illite. Their grain-size median ranges between 1.9 and 2.5 μm. They show moderate plasticity (bending strength after drying at 1.7–1.9 MPa) and weak sinterability (water absorption after firing ~12%), but greater lightness after firing (L parameter ~86%). The light-firing Jurassic clays are kaolinitic-illitic in character, with a variable content of quartz. Kaolinite is represented by the low-ordered variety. The grain-size median is also variable, ranging between 1.1 and 3.4 μm. They show good plasticity (bending strength after drying 2.6–2.8 MPa), good or very good sinterability (water absorption after firing <6%) but moderate lightness (L ~79%).Triassic red clays are highly polymineralic, with illite, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite and mixed-layered minerals occurring in variable amounts. Their specific features are: large hematite content (5–12%), commonly small CaO content (<0.5 wt.%) and an extremely small organic matter content (⩽0.1 wt.%). Their grain-size median usually varies between 2 and 3 mm. Using such clays, sintered ceramics (e.g. stoneware tiles) are obtained after firing in the temperature range 1150–1200ºC.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN DAN SIFAT FISIS SERTA SIFAT MEKANIK BATU BATA ASAL TANAH MERAH KABUPATEN KUPANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Thabita Kapasiang ◽  
Minsyahril Bukit ◽  
Jonshon Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
The Third

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian batu bata lempung tanpa campuran sekam padi asal desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur pada suhu 8000C, 9000C dan 10000C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari batu bata. Dari hasil pengujian, batu bata dengan suhu 8000C memiliki nilai densitas 1,12 gram/cm3, suhu 9000C memiliki densitas 1,002 gram/cm3 dan suhu 10000C adalah 1,15 gram/cm3. Kuat tekan pada suhu 8000C adalah 2,73 N/mm2, suhu 9000C 1,38 N/mm2 dan suhu 10000C adalah 4,09 N/mm2. Untuk penyerapan air pada ketiga suhu adalah 1,39%  2,82% dan 1,42%. Ukuran butir  sampel batu bata pada ketiga suhu yaitu 8000c, 9000c dan 10000c, pada suhu 8000c  ukuran partikel yang paling kecil adalah 28,5 x 10-6 meter dan ukuran partikel paling besar adalah 85,7 x 10-5 meter, suhu 9000c  ukuran partikel yang paling kecil adalah  57,1 x 10-6 dan yang paling besar adalah 1,28571 x 10-3 meter. Sedangkan pada suhu 10000c ukuran partikel yang paling kecil 30 x 10-6 meter sedangkan ukuran partikel yang paling besar adalah 67,5 x 10-5  meter. Kata kunci : Tanah liat, densitas, penyerapan air, kuat tekan dan SEM ABSTRACT A research of bricks from clay withouth mixture of rice husks from Tanah Merah Village-Kupang District-East Nusa Tenggara with temperature of 800oC, 900oC, and 1000oC has been done. The aim of this research is to determine quality of bricks from clay. Based on the result of this research, brick with temperature of 800oC has density value 1,12 gram/cm3, brick with temperature of 900oC has density value 1,002 gram/cm3, and brick with temperature of 1000oC has density value 1,15 gram/cm3. Compressive strength at temperature of 800oC is 2,73 N/mm2, compressive strength at temperature of 900oC is 1,38 N/mm2 and at the temperature of 1000oC is 4,09 N/mm2. For water absorption in the third temperature treatment are 1,39%  2,82% dan 1,42%. Grain size at temperature of 800oC has the smallest size is 28,5 x 10-6 meter and the largest size is 85,7 x 10-5 meter, grain size at temperature of 900oC has the smallest size is 57,1 x 10-6 meters and the largest size is 1,28571 x 10-3 meters, grain size at temperature of 1000oC has smallest size is 30 x 10-6 meters and the largest size is 67,5 x 10-5 meters.  Keywords :  Clay, density, water absorption, compressive strength and SEM

scholarly journals Factors Determining Genotypic Variation in the Speed of Rice Germination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Sinh Chao ◽  
Jaquie Mitchell ◽  
Shu Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Impact

Rapid germination is important for both direct seeded rice in the field and for the production of germinated brown rice for healthy food. This study aims to evaluate genotypic differences in germination speed and identify characteristics that determine germination speed. Seven experiments were conducted to determine (i) the impact of dehulling on water absorption and germination, (ii) variety consistency in germination speed across crops grown in three years, and (iii) the effect of grain size. Germination speed in both paddy rice and dehulled brown rice was significantly correlated with grain moisture content at early stages of soaking, however significant interaction of genotype and grain type (paddy and brown rice) existed and varieties differed in their response to dehulling. Germination speed of grain from crops exposed to water deficit in the field was slightly slower than those with higher water supply. Sherpa/IRAT109 genotypes with smaller grain size tended to germinate faster than larger grain, however no significant effect of grain size existed among diversity set varieties. It was concluded that genotype ranking in germination speed was consistent across years and water availability conditions, and that barriers to water absorption in hull and pericarp were important determinants of germination speed. The existence of genotypic variation in germination speed has management implications for both field crop establishment and paddy germination in food processing.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Appraisal of Clay Deposits in Papalanto and Its Environs, Southwestern, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adewole John Adeola ◽  
Modupe Adefunmi Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits

Three residual clay occurrences in Papalanto, Ifo, and Imoto areas which belong to the sedimentary basin of southwestern Nigeria were investigated to determine their industrial applications.The samples were pulverized, sieved, digested with mineral acids and characterized. Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Elemental compositions of the clay samples were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Grain size distribution data were obtained by conducting grain size analysis in two parts; sieve analysis and sedimentation. Thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to evaluate their industrial potentials. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) was calculated to determine the degree of weathering in the area.The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, anatase and hematite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3were 59.46%, 22.16%, and 3.06% respectively constituting 98.3% of the bulk compositions. Papalanto possessed high plasticity and mouldability.Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristics, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values showed that the whitish Ifo clay and Papalanto kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares. Kaolin which is the dominant mineral in all the clays can be used for cosmetics, tooth paste, pharmaceutical purposes

scholarly journals Experimental Study to the Effect of Natural Particles Added to Unsaturated Polyester Resin of a Polymer Matrix Composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Pomegranate Husk

Experimental investigations had been done in this study to demonstrate the effect of natural particles used as a reinforcement material to unsaturated polyester resin. The tensile test and water absorption were investigated according to (ASTM D638) and (ASTM D570), respectively. The influence of sunflower husk and pomegranate husk particles, used as a reinforcement material, on the tensile strength, Young's modulus and water absorption with different weight fraction (3%, 7% and 10%) and particle grain size (50µm, 100 µm and 150 µm), has been investigated. The water absorption of polymer composites was studied by measuring the specimen weight before and after immersion in water for one hundred days. In the experiments of tensile test, all specimens loading was performed with (50KN) operating at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. It is observed that the addition of sunflower husk up to 10% and pomegranate husk particles up to 7% as reinforcement materials to polyester resin, leads to increase the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite material prepared and the use of sunflower husk as a reinforcement material increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus and water absorption were better  than pomegranate husk at the same percentage of addition. The decrease in reinforcement material grain size led to increase the tensile strength, Young's modulus and water absorption. Therefore, all the best result seen in composites containing reinforcement material with (50µm). Finally, the best result obtained in tensile strength, Young's modulus and water absorption were with the addition of 10% sunflower husk as a reinforcement material to polyester resin.

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