The Possibilities of Using Ultrasonically Activated Streams to Reduce the Risk of Foodborne Infection from Salad

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis globally. The first human case of autochthonous HEV infection in Croatia was reported in 2012, with the undefined zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3. This narrative review comprehensively addresses the current knowledge on the HEV epidemiology in humans and animals in Croatia. Published studies showed the presence of HEV antibodies in different population groups, such as chronic patients, healthcare professionals, voluntary blood donors and professionally exposed and pregnant women. The highest seroprevalence in humans was found in patients on hemodialysis in a study conducted in 2018 (27.9%). Apart from humans, different studies have confirmed the infection in pigs, wild boars and a mouse, indicating the interspecies transmission of HEV due to direct or indirect contact or as a foodborne infection. Continued periodical surveys in humans and animals are needed to identify the possible changes in the epidemiology of HEV infections.

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Severe invasive Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis mimicking facial neuritis in a healthy middle-aged man: a case report and literature review

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520982653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 030006052098265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liming Cao ◽

Yanwei Lin ◽

Hongliang Jiang ◽

Jiehong Wei

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Stiff Neck ◽

Atypical Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Foodborne Infection ◽

Immunocompetent Adults

Neurolisteriosis is a foodborne infection of the central nervous system that is easily misdiagnosed, especially in healthy adults with atypical symptoms. A 50-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of distortion of the oral commissure. Facial neuritis was diagnosed and treated with intravenous dexamethasone. His condition deteriorated rapidly, and he presented with a slow pharyngeal reflex, stiff neck, and signs of peripheral facial paralysis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple ring-enhanced foci in the brainstem. Routine and biochemical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses showed increased white blood cells and microproteins. Blood culture and high-throughput genome sequencing revealed Listeria monocytogenes DNA in the CSF. Ampicillin, amikacin, and meropenem were administered, and the patient was transferred from the intensive care unit to a standard medical ward after 2 months. The patient could walk and eat normally; however, he required intermittent mechanical ventilation at 11 months after discharge. Although L. monocytogenes meningitis is rare in healthy immunocompetent adults, it must be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially in adults whose conditions do not improve with cephalosporin antibiotic administration. L. monocytogenes rhombencephalitis mimics facial neuritis and develops quickly. Prompt diagnosis is essential for rapid initiation of antibiotic therapy to achieve the best outcome.

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A Review of Microbial Contamination in Processed and Street Foods

International Journal of Agricultural and Life sciences ◽

10.22573/spg.ijals.021.s122000104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 338-341

Author(s):

Muthukumaran P ◽

Karthikeyan R ◽

Nirmal Kumar R

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Food Handler ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Human Beings ◽

Animal Products ◽

Food Borne ◽

Foodborne Infection ◽

Sufficient Food

As a basic physiology need threat to sufficient food, production is threat to human survival food security was a main issue that has gained global concern. This paper looks at the food borne contamination by assessing the availability of food and accessibility of the available food from a food as a microbiologist’s perspective, there are several microorganisms similarly viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and parasites for which foods serve as vehicles of transmission. Among these agents, several bacteria are most commonly implicated in foodborne outbreak episodes. Foodborne diseases in human beings are caused either by straight contact with infested food animals/animal products (zoonotic) or humans, such as a food handler, or by direct absorption of polluted foods. There are three important terms with regard to foodborne diseases foodborne infections, foodborne toxicoinfections and foodborne intoxications. Foodborne infection is the condition caused by the incorporation of viable cells of a pathogen. For example, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli infections are brought about by the ingestion of food contaminated with living cells of these pathogens. Finally, foodborne toxicoinfection is that in which the ingestion of viable pathogenic cells causes the toxins productions inside the human body, leading to infection episodes. For example, Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin inside the body after being ingested by the host. The morphology, Gram’s reaction, biochemical properties, and associated foods with important foodborne bacteria.

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Viral Hepatitis E

10.2310/gastro.14073 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kenrad E Nelson ◽

Brittany L Kmush

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Genotype 3 ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Foodborne Infection

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infections are among the most frequent causes of viral hepatitis globally. They are especially common in southern Asia where large epidemics of waterborne hepatitis, primarily affect adults with increased mortality in pregnant women, occur frequently during and after monsoon rains when there is contamination of the drinking water supply. These epidemics have been recognized throughout modern history. Similar epidemics have been reported from Sub-Saharan Africa during humanitarian crises, when the water supply is compromised. The causal virus, HEV, was discovered in 1983. About a decade later, similar HEV viruses were found to be transmitted as a foodborne infection from infected pigs, deer, wild boar, and other zoonotic reservoirs. There are 4 genotypes of HEV that infect humans: genotypes 1 and 2 are strictly human pathogens, and genotypes 3 and 4 have zoonotic reservoirs and are transmitted as a foodborne infection or from contact with the zoonotic reservoir. Although most HEV infections cause asymptomatic infections or acute selflimited hepatitis in humans, in recent years, chronic infections among immunocompromised patients after solid organ transplants or other immunocompromising conditions have been reported among persons with genotype 3 infections. This review contains 4 figues, 4 tables and 162 references Key Words: epidemiology, global impact, Hepatitis E Vaccine, HEV, prevention, reservoirs, risk factors, treatment

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Hepatitis A as a foodborne infection

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70897-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 907-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jürgen J Wenzel ◽

Franz Allerberger

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Foodborne Infection

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Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm synthesis and virulence genes in Salmonella isolated from pigs bred on intensive farms

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2018.7223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elena Barilli ◽

Cristina Bacci ◽

Zulena Stella Villa ◽

Giuseppe Merialdi ◽

Mario D’Incau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virulence Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Esbl Producer ◽

The North ◽

Human Salmonellosis ◽

The Usa ◽

Foodborne Infection ◽

Highly Virulent

Salmonella is the second cause of foodborne infection in humans in the USA and Europe. Pigs represent the second most important reservoir for the pathogen and the consumption of pork meat is a major risk factor for human salmonellosis. Here, we evaluated the virulence patterns of eleven Salmonella isolated from pigs (carcasses and faces) bred in intensive farms in the north of Italy. The two serotypes identified were S. Typhimurium and its monophasic variant 1,4,5,12:i:-. None of the isolates was an ESBL producer, as confirmed also by PCR. However, the presence of a multidrug resistant pattern was evident, with all the isolates being resistant to at least to five antimicrobial agents belonging to various classes. Moreover, six out of eleven isolates showed important resistance profiles, such as resistance against colistin and ciprofloxacin, with nine to twelve recorded resistances. The isolates were negative for the biofilm synthesis test, while four different virulotypes were characterized. All the isolates showed the presence of invA, hilA, stn, ssrA, sipC. One sample also harbored ssaR and spvC genes. One strain was positive for all the virulence genes tested and was resistant to 12 antimicrobial agents. The present study contributes new data to the surveillance program for antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the presence of eleven highly virulent isolates poses concern for human health in relation to their diffusion in the environment.

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Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3045

Author(s):

Marielen de Souza ◽

Daniela Aguiar Penha Brito ◽

Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa ◽

Alexandre Oba ◽

Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Animal Products ◽

Production Chain ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Foodborne Infection

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

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Identifying Vulnerable Populations at Risk of Foodborne Infection: People with Diabetes Mellitus

Food Protection Trends ◽

10.4315/1541-9576-40.5.374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 374

Author(s):

Ellen W. Evans ◽

Craig R. Gwynne

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

At Risk ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Foodborne Infection

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Probiotic Bacilli Inhibit Salmonella Biofilm Formation Without Killing Planktonic Cells

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.615328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mahtab Hassanpour Tazehabadi ◽

Ammar Algburi ◽

Igor V. Popov ◽

Alexey M. Ermakov ◽

Vladimir A. Chistyakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Phage Type ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Cell Free Supernatant ◽

Backyard Chickens ◽

Foodborne Infection

Salmonellosis is a foodborne infection caused by Salmonella. Domestic poultry species are one of the main reservoirs of Salmonella, which causes the foodborne infection salmonellosis, and are responsible for many cases of animal-to-human transmission. Keeping backyard chickens is now a growing trend, increasing the frequency of direct contact with the flock and, by consequence, the incidence of Salmonella infections. Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 are probiotic bacilli that produce the bacteriocins subtilosin A and subtilin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the two strains was determined against the reference strain Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10420. The cell-free supernatant of B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 inhibited biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hadar, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Thompson by 51.1, 48.3, and 56.9%, respectively. The cell-free supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 inhibited the biofilm formation of these Salmonella strains by 30.4, 28.6, and 35.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that the bacillus strains may have the potential to be used as probiotics and antibiotic alternatives for the control of Salmonella in poultry. The number of planktonic cells was unaffected by treatment with the cell-free supernatant. A co-culture of the Salmonella strains with either bacilli showed no signs of growth inhibition, suggesting that it might have been quorum sensing that is affected by the two Bacillus strains.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus from human breast milk shows therapeutic function against foodborne infection by multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo01698h ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 435-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Na Li ◽

Bing Pang ◽

Guanwen Liu ◽

Xixi Zhao ◽

Xiaoguang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Human Breast ◽

E Coli ◽

Therapeutic Function ◽

Foodborne Infection

Lactobacillus rhamnosus shows higher therapeutic efficacy than antibiotic to treat drug-resistant E. coli infection in aspects of fast reducing coliform counts, increasing Lactobacillus amounts, and diminishing inflammation.

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