Performance of a commercial serum ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in whole and skim milk samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Byrem ◽  
P.C. Bartlett ◽  
H. Donohue ◽  
B.D. Voisinet ◽  
J.T. Houseman
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Serum Elisa

scholarly journals Apicomplexan Protozoa Responsible for Reproductive Disorders: Occurrence of DNA in Blood and Milk of Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Minireview of the Related Literature

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Stefania Perrucci ◽  
Lisa Guardone ◽  
Iolanda Altomonte ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Blood Specimens

Donkeys may be susceptible to many pathological agents and may act as carriers of pathogens for other animal species and humans. This study evaluated the occurrence of potentially abortifacient apicomplexan protozoa DNA in blood and milk samples collected at different time periods during lactation (1, 6, and 10 months) from 33 healthy dairy jennies. A total of 73 blood and 73 milk samples were used for DNA extraction and analysis. Blood specimens from 11/33 (33%) jennies scored positive for Theileria equi, while milk samples scored negative. Blood and milk of 3/33 jennies yielded DNA of Toxoplasma gondii at 6 months (n. 1) and 10 months (n. 2) after parturition. Neospora caninum DNA was found in four milk and in five blood samples only at one month after parturition. This study is the first report about the presence of N. caninum DNA in milk of naturally infected jennies. Moreover, the excretion of N. caninum DNA in some of these jennies at 30 days from the parturition may suggest a possible occurrence of an endogenous cycle, while the presence of T. gondii DNA in the milk collected at 6 and 10 months after parturition may be suggestive of a discontinuous excretion.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MILK QUALITY, ADULTERATION AND MASTISIS IN FOUR DIFFERENT MILK SAMPLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Sudhasaravanan R ◽  
Binukumari S
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Yellowish White ◽  
Better Than

The present study is aimed to analyze the milk quality, adulteration and mastitis infection in milk Samples available in market. Four different milk samples were analyzed for physical appearance, quality, adulterants and mastitis infection. 90% milk samples were white in color and 10 % were yellowish white. pH ranged between 6.5 – 6.9. Analysis of milk quality showed that Arokya milk appears to be better than the other three milk samples. Out of 4 milk samples analyzed for adulteration, adulterants found were glucose (80%), skim milk powder (58%), salt (51%) and urea (35%) while found negative for formalin, salicylic acid, boric acid, starch, soap and ammonium sulphate. All the samples were free from mastitis infection. The adulterants decrease the nutritive value of milk and may also cause serious human health related problems.

scholarly journals The influence of investigated factors on viscosity of stirred yogurt

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Denin-Djurdjevic ◽  
Ognjen Macej ◽  
Snezana Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Sample ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
90 C 10 ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Control Milk

Skim milk was reconstituted to obtain milk with 8.44% DM, which was standardized with demineralized whey powder (DWP) to obtain milk sample A (9.71% DM) and milk sample B (10.75% DM). Milk samples were heat treated at 85?C/20 min and 90?C/10 min, respectively. Untreated milk was used as control. Milk samples were inoculated with 2.5% of commercial yogurt culture (containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the ratio 1:1) at 43?C. Samples were incubated until pH 4.6 was reached. Samples were immediately cooled to 4?C and held at that temperature until analyses. Samples of acid casein gels were stirred after 1, 7 and 14 days of storage. Measurements of viscosity were done with Brookfield DV-E Viscometer. Spindle No 3 at 30 rpm was used for all samples. Duration of fermentation decreased when DWP was used for standardization of milk dry matter content. Yogurt samples produced from milk heat treated at 85?C/20 min, obtained by stirring of gel 1 day after production had a higher viscosity than sample produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min. On the other hand, samples produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min had a greater viscosity after 7 and 14 days of storage, which indicates a greater hydrophilic properties and a more pronounced swelling of casein micelles.

scholarly journals Screening and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria in milk using three different culture media in Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count plates and conventional pour plate methodology

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria BT Ortolani ◽  
Gabriela N Viçosa ◽  
Vanerli Beloti ◽  
Luís A Nero
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Experimental Inoculation

This study aimed to compare Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count (AC) plates and the conventional pour plate methodology using de Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS), Kang-Fung (KF) and Kang-Fung-Sol (KFS) culture media for screening and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in milk. Suspensions of 10 LAB species in reconstituted powder skim milk and 30 raw milk samples, without experimental inoculation, were tested. For selective enumeration, all samples were previously diluted in MRS, KF and KFS broths and then plated in Petrifilm™ AC and conventional pour plate methodology, using the same culture media with added agar. All plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h in anaerobic conditions. Differences in the counts were observed only for raw milk samples using KFS in conventional methodology, when compared with the counts obtained from MRS and KF (P⩽0·05). The results showed excellent correlation indexes between both methodologies using the three culture media for LAB suspensions (r=0·97 for MRS, KF and KFS). For raw milk samples, the correlation indexes were excellent (r=0·97, for MRS) and good (r=0·84 for KF, and r=0·82 for KFS), showing some interference in Petrifilm™ AC when supplements were added, especially lactic acid. These results indicate the possibility of using Petrifilm™ AC plates for enumeration of LAB in milk, even with the use of selective supplements.

Lipolytic Activity During Storage of Human Milk: Accumulation of Free Fatty Acids1

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. DILL ◽  
C. T. CHEN ◽  
E. S. ALFORD ◽  
R. L. EDWARDS ◽  
R. L. RICHTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation

Lipolysis was quantitated during storage of fluid and freezedried human whole and skim milks. Fatty acid accumulation was faster in whole fluid milk stored for 1 week at 4°C than in frozen (−20°C) samples stored for 180 d. The rapid accumulation of fatty acids during 24 h of storage at 4°C was enhanced in previously frozen milk samples. While freeze-dried whole milk showed no lipolysis when stored at −20°C, accumulation of free fatty acids was rapid in samples stored at room temperature. Fluid and freeze-dried skim milk samples exhibited no appreciable lipolysis.

Growth and Death of Selected Microorganisms in Ultrafiltered Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA HAGGERTY ◽  
NORMAN N. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
D Values ◽  
D Value

Studies were made to compare the growth and death of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in skim milk concentrated by ultrafiltration to that in unconcentrated skim milk. Skim milk was volume concentrated to 2× in laboratory-scale stirred UF cells. Behavior of the organisms was analyzed in four inoculated milk samples: 2× retentate, 1× water-diluted retentate, milk equivalent (retentate plus permeate) and unconcentrated skim milk. Growth of each organism and of total aerobes did not vary in the four milk samples at either 7 or 13°C. For S. faecalis and E. coli, D-values for samples heated to 62.7°C did not significantly differ in the four milk samples (p>0.01). The D-value of S. aureus in water-diluted retentate was slightly but significantly lower than those in the other three milk samples (p<0.01), possibly due to the lowered lactose level in this sample.

Thermal Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Dairy Products

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. BRADSHAW ◽  
J. T. PEELER ◽  
J. J. CORWIN ◽  
J. M. HUNT ◽  
R. M. TWEDT
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
C Value

The thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A that had been associated with a recent milkborne outbreak of listeriosis was determined in whole and skim milk, heavy cream, and ice cream mix. L. monocytogenes suspended at concentrations of approximately 1 × 105 cells/ml was heated at temperatures ranging from 52.2 to 79.4°C at various contact times. The D71.7°C values computed for milk samples ranged from 0.9 to 2.7 s. The D7.94°C value in ice cream mix was 0.5 s. The zD value for fluid products ranged from 5.8 to 7.1°C; the zF value for ice cream mix was 7.0°C. The L. monocytogenes suspensions would not survive a proper pasteurization process given to raw dairy products.

A procedure for the complete clarification of milk of various species and its suitability for use with colorimetric measurements

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jane Owen ◽  
Anthony T. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Acid Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Measurements ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulphonic Acid

SummaryBovine, caprine, ovine and human milks have been clarified by addition of Triton X-100 and EDTA followed by a short incubation. Generally, addition of 4·2% Triton X–100 and 5·4% EDTA was sufficient and with skim-milk samples no dilution was necessary. With whole milks some dilution and greater amounts of Triton X-100 or longer incubation times or higher temperatures were required. These factors were interrelated to some extent and the optimum conditions will be determined by convenience and any particular requirements of the experiment. The attainment of optically transparent milk samples greatly facilitates colorimetric measurements; as examples we have shown that total protein may be estimated by the biuret reaction, NH2 groups measured with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid and SH groups by reaction with 5, 5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Acid phosphatase activity in bovine milk was followed colorimetrically by reaction with p-nitrophenyl phosphate to demonstrate the suitability of the clarification procedure in the measurement of enzymic reactions.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Different Test Combinations for Diagnosis ofMycobacterium aviumSubspeciesparatuberculosisInfecting Dairy Herds in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Garg ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Patil ◽  
Shoor Vir Singh ◽  
Shukriti Sharma ◽  
Ravi Kumar Gandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Serum Elisa ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

A total of 355 cows were sampled (serum,n=315; faeces,n=355; milk,n=209) from dairy farms located in the Punjab state of India. Faeces and serum/milk samples were screened by acid fast staining and “indigenous ELISA,” respectively. IS900PCR was used to screen faeces and milk samples. Bio-load of MAP in dairy cows was 36.9, 15.6, 16.3, and 14.4%, using microscopy, serum ELISA, milk ELISA and milk PCR, respectively. Estimated kappa values between different test combinations: serum and milk ELISA, faecal microscopy and faecal PCR, milk ELISA and milk PCR, faecal PCR and serum ELISA were 0.325, 0.241, 0.682, and 0.677, respectively. Estimation of the relative sensitivity and specificity of different tests in the present study indicated that “serum ELISA” and “milk ELISA” were good screening tests, add “milk PCR” was “confirmatory test” for MAP infection. Combination of milk ELISA with milk PCR may be adopted as a model strategy for screening and diagnosis of JD in lactating/dairy cattle herds in Indian conditions.

Size distribution and average size parameters of casein micelles determined by electron microscopy in bovine milk between pH 5·5 and 6·7. A comparison of several evaluation methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk J. Vreeman ◽  
Bas W. van Markwijk ◽  
Paula Both
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Average Size

SummaryThe conversion of the two-dimensional size distribution of casein micelles, observed by electron microscopy in a plane section, to the three dimensional distribution is discussed and the average size parameters evaluated by several methods are compared. It is shown that parameters containing the −1 moment of the two-dimensional distribution, i.e. Dn, the number of micelles per unit volume and the width of the size distribution, are sometimes uncertain. The occurrence of negative numbers in some of the classes of the distribution is discussed and remedies are suggested. Sections were made by freeze-fracturing skim milk samples; the pH of the milk was between 5·5 and 6·7.

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