Quaternary reactivation of a basement structure in the Barreirinhas Basin, Brazilian Equatorial Margin

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Almeida-Filho ◽  
Dilce F. Rossetti ◽  
Fernando P. Miranda ◽  
Francisco J. Ferreira ◽  
Clauzionor Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Basement Structure ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Aeolian Dunes ◽  
Coastal Basins ◽  
Two Sectors

AbstractThe Pirapemas Lineament is a remarkable 200-km-long, NE–SW trending structure in the Barreirinhas Basin, one of the several Brazilian coastal basins. This lineament splits the study area in two sectors of distinctive morphology, drainage patterns, and sedimentary covers. Terrain northward of the lineament presents a smooth topography with sub-parallel to sub-dendritic drainage patterns, whereas a dissected plateau characterized by incised valleys and rectangular drainage pattern occurs southward, suggesting a structural control by joints and faults. Geological field data, crossed with thermal luminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, revealed that the surface southward of the lineament consists mostly of Miocene and late Pleistocene sedimentary deposits, represented by the Barreiras Formation and the Post-Barreiras sediments, respectively. In contrast, relatively younger sands mantle most of the northward terrain, as indicated by well-preserved paleodune deposits that grade into active aeolian dunes of the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park. Geomorphological and geological data analysis suggests that the northern sector is under the effect of subsidence, proving that the Pirapemas Lineament is an active agent modeling the landscape in the region. Geophysical data (gravity and seismic) confirm that such a structural feature is the surface expression of an active deep-seated basement fault.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF WADI DARNAH WATERSHED NE LIBYA, USING GIS TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Nouria El Hadi. A. Aboshaala
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Drainage Patterns

Wadi Darnah is about 586 km2 and lies in the northern portion of the Al Jabil AL Akhdar. The Wadi drains into the Mediterranean Sea. The present study incorporates a morphometric analysis of Wadi Darnah by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets were processed in ArcGIS software. The study revealed that the drainage patterns of stream network from the basin are mainly of dendritic type which indicates homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control. The bifurcation ratio value of 4.53 indicates that the area is not much influenced by the geological structure and undisturbed drainage pattern. The study area is of the low density group basins (2.09 km-1). The elongation ratio (0.36), circularity ratio (0.14) and form factor (0.10) show elongated basin with steep relief, moderate discharge, and a long main channel. The basin has a high relief up to 850 m, which leads to a high rate of runoff but the effect of this water flow is reduced by the high infiltration capacity due to the high rate of karstification and karst features in the basin area.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variations of the Right Hepatic Duct: Results and Surgical Implications from a Cadaveric Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos ◽  
Vasileios Kalles ◽  
Konstantinos Papatheodorou ◽  
Nikolaos Goutas ◽  
Ioannis Papapanagiotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Thorough understanding of biliary anatomy is required when performing surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary system. This study describes the anatomical variations of right bile ducts in terms of branching and drainage patterns, and determines their frequency. Methods. We studied 73 samples of cadaveric material, focusing on the relationship of the right anterior and posterior segmental branches, the way they form the right hepatic duct, and the main variations of their drainage pattern. Results. The anatomy of the right hepatic duct was typical in 65.75% of samples. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the common hepatic duct was found in 15.07% and triple confluence in 9.59%. Ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the common hepatic duct was discovered in 2.74% and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the left hepatic duct in 4.11%. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the left hepatic ductal system and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the cystic duct was found in 1.37%. Conclusion. The branching pattern of the right hepatic duct was atypical in 34.25% of cases. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the extrahepatic bile ducts is important in many surgical cases.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Khag Micro-Watershed in North-West Himalayas of Kashmir Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Rajnish Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Bhat ◽  
Faisul-Ur- Rasool ◽  
Shabir Ahmed Bangroo ◽  
Roheela Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
North West

Morphometric analysis is of vital importance in any hydrological research and is inevitable in development and management of watershed. Using the watershed as the main unit of morphometric characterization is the most logical choice, as well as geomorphological and hydrological processes take place within the drainage basin. A critical assessment and evaluation of morphometric parameters of Khag micro-watershed was accomplished through measurement of relief, linear and aerial aspects using Geographical Information System (GIS). The watershed boundaries, aspect, slope, digital elevation model (DEM), profile graph of topography, drainage order and drainage density mapswere generated for detailed study of micro-watershed using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data. The study area was designated as fourth order basin with the drainage area of 34.32 km2 and shows dendritic drainage pattern. The total length, drainage density and mean bifurcation ratio (Rb) were found to be 38.84 km, 1.13km/km2 and 1.73, respectively. The Khag micro-watershed showed the greater Rb value, which directs a strong structural control in the runoff pattern. A decrease in the stream frequency of flow was also observed with an increase in the order of flow. The shape parameters such as circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, length of over land flow, form factor and drainage texture of Khag micro-watershed were 0.42, 0.56, 0.43 km, 0.24 and 1.66, respectively. The Khag micro-watershed is elongated in shape and dendritic in drainage pattern. This can be attributed to the fact that the lithology and structural controls are more or less uniform. Relative relief and ruggedness number were 0.065 and 2.39 and are likely to subject the micro watershed to maximum soil erosion that demands, instantaneous soil conservation measure to be taken by watershed managers for its stability and sustainability. These studies area advantageous for the planning of rainwater harvesting and the management of the catchment area.

scholarly journals MDCT Venography Evaluation of a Rare Collateral Vein Draining from the Left Subclavian Vein to the Great Cardiac Vein

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Abchee ◽  
Charbel Saade ◽  
Hussain Al-Mohiy ◽  
Fadi El-Merhi
Keyword(s):  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Great Cardiac Vein ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Collateral Vein ◽  
Left Subclavian Vein

Congenital vascular anomalies of the venous drainage in the chest affect both cardiac and non-cardiac structures. Collateral venous drainage from the left subclavian vein to the great cardiac vein is a rare venous drainage pattern. These anomalies present a diagnostic challenge. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is useful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of these clinically complex disorders. We present a case report of an 18-year-old Caucasian male who came to our institute for evaluation of venous drainage patterns to the heart. We describe the contrast technique of bilateral dual injection MDCT venography and the imaging features of the venous drainage patterns to the heart.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Sub-Watershed Analysis of Taraka Watershed, H.D. Kote Taluk, Mysuru District, Karnataka, India using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-962
Author(s):  
Basavaraju Basavaraju ◽  
D. Nagaraju D. Nagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Watershed Analysis ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Gis Software

The current research work is an attempt to study of drainage area covering 429 sqkms comprising of 10 sub-watersheds they are namely Heggadadevanakote, Budanuru, Kodasige, Yedenhundi, Sunkadakatte, Nagarahole, Muruganahalli, Heggadapura, Kalhalla, Sarathihole. The research area has strong structural control shows that the 10 sub-basins named as the normal category. Different parameters of morphometric were used, Arc-Info and Arc -View GIS software was used to analysis the morphometric parameters and drainage characteristics, Sub-basin have been delineated by drainage pattern. The drainage pattern suggesting very coarse to coarse texture and the density explains the texture of drainage is related to coarse as geomorphic development their late youth stage and values suggest that Form factor, Circulatory ratio, Sub-basins are circular to elongated in shape.

Determining Drainage Pattern Using DEM Data for Nonpoint-Source Water Quality Modeling

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-J. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Uniform Grid ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Source Water Quality

The drainage pattern of a watershed is an important parameter in nonpoint-source water quality modeling. Manual preparation of this pattern from topographic maps is time–consuming and sometimes subjective. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data are fundamental cartographic data stored in a uniform grid system which can be easily processed by the computer. Using DEM data and a set of pre-defined rules, the drainage pattern can be automatically determined. Six grid-based methods have been developed, and three of them have been tested for a case study, an area enclosing a subwatershed of Chin-Mei River, Taipei County, Taiwan, R. O. C. The results are comparable to the manually prepared drainage pattern, although several complexities exist for areas such as depression and highly irregular areas. Several refined rules based on the drainage patterns in adjacent areas are utilized to modify the drainage patterns in these areas. Compared with the conventional manual method, the proposed automated methods are much more efficient for regional water quality studies.

The Study of the Linear Morphometry of Suktel River Basin, Odhisha

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar Patel ◽  
◽  
Narender Verma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
Surface Discharge ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Late Maturity

In the present study, an attempt is made to study the linear morphometry of Suktel River, a tributary of Tel River and its sub basins, that flows through Bolangir District of Odisha. Freely available SRTM Dem (30-meter resolution) has been processed to delineate the streams and the watershed. Its various linear parameters have been delineated using Arc GIS 10.3. The results show that Suktel basin is a sixth-order normal basin having a dendritic drainage pattern. It confirms to Horton's Law of stream number and lacks structural control as implied by its bifurcation ratio that ranges between 3 and 5. It is in the stage of late maturity with the high volume of surface discharge.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis to Infer Hydrological Behaviour of Lidder Watershed, Western Himalaya, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrukh Altaf ◽  
Gowhar Meraj ◽  
Shakil A. Romshoo
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Drainage Texture

West Lidder River, in the Northwest Greater-Himalayan mountain range, is the major source of irrigation and drinking water supplies for the Kashmir Valley with a population of seven million people. The major source of water for the whole Lidder River is snow and icemelt emanating from its two subcatchments East Lidder and West Lidder. Snowmelt significantly contributes to the evolution of drainage patterns in this area. Quantitative morphometry plays a vital role in routing the snowmelt and other hydrological processes. Morphometric analysis of the West Lidder River catchment was carried out using geospatial technique. The outcome revealed that the entire study area has uniform lithology and is structurally permeable. The high drainage density of all subwatersheds indicate more surface runoff. The morphometric analysis also indicates that the area is more prone to weathering due to very-coarse to coarse drainage texture. All the subwatersheds showed dendritic to subdendritic drainage pattern. An immense control of structure on the drainage in some subwatersheds is indicated by their high bifurcation ratios. Circulatory and elongation ratios show that the subwatersheds have elongated to circular shapes. From the integrated analysis of the morphometric parameters, important hydrologic behaviour of 17 subwatersheds could be inferred.

scholarly journals HESS Opinions Catchments as meta-organisms – a new blueprint for hydrological modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert H. G. Savenije ◽  
Markus Hrachowitz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Catchment-scale hydrological models frequently miss essential characteristics of what determines the functioning of catchments. The most important active agent in catchments is the ecosystem. It manipulates and partitions moisture in a way that supports the essential functions of survival and productivity: infiltration of water, retention of moisture, mobilization and retention of nutrients, and drainage. Ecosystems do this in the most efficient way, establishing a continuous, ever-evolving feedback loop with the landscape and climatic drivers. In brief, hydrological systems are alive and have a strong capacity to adjust themselves to prevailing and changing environmental conditions. Although most models take Newtonian theory at heart, as best they can, what they generally miss is Darwinian theory on how an ecosystem evolves and adjusts its environment to maintain crucial hydrological functions. In addition, catchments, such as many other natural systems, do not only evolve over time, but develop features of spatial organization, including surface or sub-surface drainage patterns, as a by-product of this evolution. Models that fail to account for patterns and the associated feedbacks miss a critical element of how systems at the interface of atmosphere, biosphere and pedosphere function. In contrast to what is widely believed, relatively simple, semi-distributed conceptual models have the potential to accommodate organizational features and their temporal evolution in an efficient way, a reason for that being that because their parameters (and their evolution over time) are effective at the modelling scale, and thus integrate natural heterogeneity within the system, they may be directly inferred from observations at the same scale, reducing the need for calibration and related problems. In particular, the emergence of new and more detailed observation systems from space will lead towards a more robust understanding of spatial organization and its evolution. This will further permit the development of relatively simple time-dynamic functional relationships that can meaningfully represent spatial patterns and their evolution over time, even in poorly gauged environments.

Silurian subduction-related assembly of fault-defined tracts at the Laurieston Fault, Southern Uplands accretionary terrane, Scotland, U.K.

2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Akhurst ◽  
A. A. McMillan ◽  
G. S. Kimbell ◽  
P. Stone ◽  
R. J. Merriman
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Basement Structure ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Iapetus Ocean ◽  
Vertical Step ◽  
Regional Gravity ◽  
Basement Surface

ABSTRACTSubduction-related accretion of fault-defined tracts built up the Southern Uplands terrane during the final stages of closure of the Iapetus Ocean (Llandovery to Wenlock). Contrasts in depositional environment and pronounced differences in geochemical composition, provenance studies and metamorphic grade across the Laurieston Fault between the Gala and Hawick groups, suggests that it has a greater regional significance than most other tract-bounding structures. Initiated by underthrusting, and acting as a locus for subsequent sinistral strike-slip, the fault overlies a regional gravity anomaly gradient that is interpreted to be due, in part, to a concealed NW-ward dipping shallow basement surface. This is modelled as an open ramp in the NE that steepens to a near-vertical step along-strike to the SW. A change in structural geometry noted at the Laurieston Fault, with excision of accretionary tracts, is related to a period of oblique closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The youngest Gala Group tracts were accreted during a period of intense transpression to form a regional strike-slip duplex over the shallow basement ramp with termination of the tracts at the Laurieston Fault, its surface expression. The ramp acted as an obstacle to forward-breaking thrust progress, forcing the out-of-sequence thrusting and repetitive thrust imbrication noted in the eastern Southern Uplands. Upper Palaeozoic reactivation of this basement structure may have transferred strain between extensional Permian basins.

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