Biotechnology Can Help Crop Production to Feed an Increasing World Population-Positive and Negative Aspects Need to be Balanced: A Perspective from FAO

2000 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
World Population

scholarly journals Diversification of Local Tubers through Optimization of Cocoa Farming in Supporting Sustainable Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
H Pribadi ◽  
S Jumiyati ◽  
A Muis ◽  
I K Widnyana ◽  
J Mustabi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Sustainable Food

Abstract The rate of world population growth gets faster every year, while on the other hand the land available for food production activities is increasingly limited. Efforts to increase income and food crop production by using cocoa farming to support national food security can be done by optimizing of land through crop diversification patterns by planting local tubers under cocoa farming. This research aims to analyze the optimization of land use, revenue and production costs. In addition, analyzing the nutritional content contained in each type of local tubers, namely sweet potato, cassava and taro. The research was conducted in the the buffer zone of Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL), Palolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The results showed that the optimization of land use and revenue was obtained through the diversification pattern of sweet potato and cocoa. Optimization of the costs use occurs in the use of fertilizer production inputs. In addition, sweet potatoes have a higher calorific value, protein and fat compared to cassava and taro. However, the carbohydrate content of cassava is higher than that of sweet potato and taro.

scholarly journals Legumes: Model Plants for Sustainable Agriculture in Phosphorus and Iron Deficient Soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Msehli’ Wissal ◽  
Kallala Nadia ◽  
Mhadhbi Haythem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
World Population ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Iron Deficient

Nowadays, the agriculture’s target is to reach the amount of crop production that can cover the need to feed growing world population with the crucial challenge of respecting the environment. Several environmental constraints are limiting world agricultural production, mainly the preponderance of calcareous soils suffering from ferric and phosphoric deficiencies. In those soils, legumes were considered as an alternative solution to retrieve a fertile soil without the abusive use of chemical fertilizers. The ability to establish a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria is the way used by legumes to restore soil organic matter and to improve soil fertility. Legumes remain a source of healthy food while respecting the environment. This paper describes the importance of legumes for Fe and P deficient soils management through sustainable practices.

scholarly journals Nano-Biopesticides as an Emerging Technology for Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Hazafa ◽  
Muhammad Murad ◽  
Muhammad Umer Masood ◽  
Shahid Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Application ◽  
World Population ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Safe Food

With an increasing world population, the demand for quality food is rising. To meet safe food demand, it is necessary to double or maybe triple agriculture production. Annually, almost 25% of the world crop is destroyed due to pests. During the past few decades, different pesticides, including chemical, synthetic, biological, and botanical have been adopted to achieve adequate results against pests for agriculture interests and plant safety. Globally, more than 200,000 people died every year due to direct chemical and synthetic pesticides poisoning. But these pesticides did not achieve the desired results due to delivery problems, less stability, low biodegradability, less specificity, and high cost. To overcome these problems, the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is considered an important achievement in the agriculture sectors in order to improve pest mortality rates and crop production. The nano-biopesticides attained special attention against the insect pests due to their small size (1-100 nm), large surface area, high stability, cost-effectiveness, fever toxicity, and easy field application. The current chapter highlights the relevance of nano-biopesticides for pest insect management on several crops of agricultural concern. The mechanisms of action, delivery, and environmental sustainability of nano-biopesticides are also discussed in the present chapter.

scholarly journals A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M Adamski ◽  
Philippa Borrill ◽  
Jemima Brinton ◽  
Sophie Harrington ◽  
Clemence Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Functional Characterisation

To adapt to the challenges of climate change and the growing world population, it is vital to increase global crop production. Understanding the function of genes within staple crops will accelerate crop improvement by allowing targeted breeding approaches. Despite the importance of wheat, which provides 20 % of the calories consumed by humankind, a lack of genomic information and resources has hindered the functional characterisation of genes in this species. The recent release of a high-quality reference sequence for wheat underpins a suite of genetic and genomic resources that support basic research and breeding. These include accurate gene model annotations, gene expression atlases and gene networks that provide background information about putative gene function. In parallel, sequenced mutation populations, improved transformation protocols and structured natural populations provide rapid methods to study gene function directly. We highlight a case study exemplifying how to integrate these resources to study gene function in wheat and thereby accelerate improvement in this important crop. We hope that this review provides a helpful guide for plant scientists, especially those expanding into wheat research for the first time, to capitalise on the discoveries made in Arabidopsis and other plants. This will accelerate the improvement of wheat, a complex polyploid crop, of vital importance for food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Adapatation of Sowing Date for Improving Sorghum Yield in Rainfed Areas in Sudan Using AQUACROP Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abd Almahamoud Alshikh ◽  
Hassn Ibrahim M. ◽  
Salah Abdel Rahman Salih ◽  
Ali Hussien Kadhim ◽  
Khalid Abd Almageed M.
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Rain Fall

Due to the rapid growth in world population, the pressure on water resources to feed the growing population is increasing. The Nile water share of Sudan is almost exploited; and agricultural production by rained water is threatened by the pressure of climate change. It is inevitable that the production per unit water consumed, the water productivity, must be increased to meet this challenge. This research therefore focuses on the benchmarking of physical water productivity in rain fed areas and gaining a better understanding of the temporal and spatial variations and the scope for possible improvement. A review of the available records and sources that provide measurements of crop-water productivity was consulted to assess plausible ranges of water productivity levels for rain fed Sorghum crop and to provide a first explanation for the differences that are found using AQUACROP model. As such this study may be considered as crucial step was to establish a water productivity database for the rain fed sorghum crop in the country. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which is the most important cereal crop in Sudan has been constrained by the detrimental effect of drought which has often caused food shortages. Almost 90% of the total sorghum cropped area is rain-fed, and 60% of that is in drought prone soil conditions. Spatial information on water use, crop production and water productivity will play a vital role for water managers to assess where scarce water resources are wasted and where in a given region the water productivity can be improved. Hence, a methodology has been developed in this study to quantify spatial variation of crop yield, evapotranspiration and water productivity using the AQUACROP model in five stations. The AQUACROP model is used to investigate optimum sowing date that result in maximization of grain yield.Benchmarking of rain fed Sorghum actual and potential grain efficiency in different agro-climate zones was made for the year 1979 to 2013. AQUACROP model was applied at five locations (Gedaref, Damazin, Dalang, El Fashir, and El Obyied) each representing an agro-climate zone. Causes of poor yield performance were investigated and consequently measures needed to improve performance were identified. The study indicates that increase in sorghum yields under historical climate conditions in the different studied stations is possible when early sowing is used and initial rain showers are utilized, yield decrease by 43% when sowing date is delayed from July 15 (the recommended date) to August 1. Stations with high rain fall (Damazin, Gadaref and Dalang) show little variations in inter-annual yields but with a tendency towards high yields, 3536, 3741, 3737 kg/fed for the above stations respectively compared to 2266 and 1086 kg/fed for El Obyied and El Fashir respectively at 15 June. The obtained WUE is lower in the driest regions (El Fashir, and El Obyied) and higher for those of high rain fall. To aid decision makers and crop growers in rain fed areas a set of recommendations for policy making and for future research were identified.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stress Resistance Using Next Generation Techniques

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Messerer ◽  
Daniel Lang ◽  
Klaus Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
World Population ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Approaches To Study

Food security for a growing world population remains one of the most challenging tasks. Rapid climate change accelerates the loss of arable land used for crop production, while it simultaneously imposes increasing biotic and abiotic stresses on crop plants. Analysis and molecular understanding of the factors governing stress tolerance is in the focus of scientific and applied research. One plant is often mentioned in the context with stress resistance—Chenopodium quinoa. Through improved breeding strategies and the use of next generation approaches to study and understand quinoa’s salinity tolerance, an important step towards securing food supply is taken.

scholarly journals Sustainable Intensification of Global Agronomic Output

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Niels Dybro ◽  
Alan Christopher Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
High Level

Agribusinesses are investigating sustainable ways to meet the predicted increased demand for food production due to an increasing world population and higher living standards. Therefore, there is a strong need to increase agronomic output. This paper will review the current state of agricultural production of the main annual top-five staple grain crops grown around the world, their current yields and harvested area averages and trends. It concludes with a discussion of which changes are needed to increase the yield in lower yielding areas of the world. Finally, there is an assessment of what level of yield increases that could be attained provided the proposed changes are made and its predicted impact on food security by 2050.The current yield trends and trends for harvested area, when extrapolated out to 2050, indicate crop production will increase 106%. This includes an expansion of the total crop production area by 31%. This increase of cropping area can be achieved by increased utilization of available, uncropped land suitable for crop production, increased double cropping, and relay intercropping, allowing for multiple crops in a calendar year.In order to double crop production by 2050, it is necessary to focus on growing crops where the conditions make it possible, adopt the best sustainable crop production practices and implement them as intensively as possible everywhere, and consider improved crop production machine system options to reduce risk of soil compaction, which can reduce crop yields.With proposed changes across the world, it will be possible to exceed a doubling of food production by 2050 relative to 2005 levels, providing a reasonable high level of food security, absent wars and widespread natural disasters.

Hydroponics “Soilless Farming”: The Future of Food and Agriculture – A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roukaya Ghorbel ◽  
Jamel Chakchak ◽  
Hatice Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu ◽  
Numan S. Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
World Population ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

It is estimated that the global population will reach approximately 10 billion people by 2050 and 66% of the world population will live in urban areas. This growth in cities creates demand for fresh products to maintain a healthy population, a product that often exposed to a long journey to reach the consumer, not only losing quality and nutritive value in the process, but also requiring a significant cost of fossil fuel for transportation and storage. However, the world’s agricultural land among being limited, is also facing major problems such as pollution, salinization and drought that do not favor crop production. The need for food security has paved the way for landless agriculture, becoming more popular in the urban area and becoming a part of urban farming. This article aims to examine hydroponic technologies to help expand the knowledge of their application in terms of science, origin, dynamics and farming systems. Among the benefits of soilless cultures; reservation of cultivated land for main crops; saving at least 90% of irrigation water; use of almost constant amount of recycled water; successfully growing almost every vegetable crops and having highest productivity compared to conventional agriculture. Therefore, it is an indispensable solution in areas where arable land is not available or in saline-prone areas, in short, wherever there is competition for land and water. The purpose of this study is an overview of soilless farming systems, explaining the most widely used hydroponic system, the importance of water quality, nutrient content, grown crops and ultimately cost benefit in terms of economics.

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