Antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical Escherichia coli from different animal species in Switzerland

The dissemination mechanism of the high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4) in porcine Escherichia coli was investigated . tet (X4) and other antimicrobial resistance genes were located on the plasmids p1919D3-1 and p1919D62-1 and flanked by two or three copies of IS 1 family elements, which can form one to three translocatable units (TUs). Using a reduced transposition model, IS 1A was experimentally demonstrated to mediate the transposition of tet (X4) from a suicide plasmid into the E. coli chromosome.

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Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00661-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 190 (20) ◽

pp. 6779-6794 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

W. Florian Fricke ◽

Meredith S. Wright ◽

Angela H. Lindell ◽

Derek M. Harkins ◽

Craig Baker-Austin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Health Concern ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Global Public Health ◽

E Coli ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogens of clinical and agricultural importance is a global public health concern. While antimicrobial use in human and veterinary medicine is known to contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, the impact of microbial communities and mobile resistance genes from the environment in this process is not well understood. Isolated from an industrially polluted aquatic environment, Escherichia coli SMS-3-5 is resistant to a record number of antimicrobial compounds from all major classes, including two front-line fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin), and in many cases at record-high concentrations. To gain insights into antimicrobial resistance in environmental bacterial populations, the genome of E. coli SMS-3-5 was sequenced and compared to the genome sequences of other E. coli strains. In addition, selected genetic loci from E. coli SMS-3-5 predicted to be involved in antimicrobial resistance were phenotypically characterized. Using recombinant vector clones from shotgun sequencing libraries, resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamide/trimethoprim was assigned to a single mosaic region on a 130-kb plasmid (pSMS35_130). The remaining plasmid backbone showed similarity to virulence plasmids from avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains. Individual resistance gene cassettes from pSMS35_130 are conserved among resistant bacterial isolates from multiple phylogenetic and geographic sources. Resistance to quinolones was assigned to several chromosomal loci, mostly encoding transport systems that are also present in susceptible E. coli isolates. Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli SMS-3-5 is therefore dependent both on determinants acquired from a mobile gene pool that is likely available to clinical and agricultural pathogens, as well, and on specifically adapted multidrug efflux systems. The association of antimicrobial resistance with APEC virulence genes on pSMS35_130 highlights the risk of promoting the spread of virulence through the extensive use of antibiotics.

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Prevalence of Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 and Absence of mcr-2 in Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Food-Producing Animals in Japan

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02057-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Michiko Kawanishi ◽

Hitoshi Abo ◽

Manao Ozawa ◽

Mariko Uchiyama ◽

Takahiro Shirakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Sequence Homology ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Homology Search ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Content Type ◽

Resistance Monitoring

ABSTRACT We screened mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in 9,306 Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy animals in the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (JVARM) system. mcr-1 was detected in 39 strains (5, 20, and 14 strains isolated from cattle, swine, and broilers, respectively), whereas mcr-2 was not detected. mcr-2 was also not detected with the investigation sequence homology search against our curated GenEpid-J database.

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Incidence of the Recently Described Sulfonamide Resistance Gene sul3 among German Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Livestock and Food

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.7.2712-2715.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 2712-2715 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Beatriz Guerra ◽

Ernst Junker ◽

Reiner Helmuth

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

First Report ◽

Strong Potential ◽

Sulfonamide Resistance ◽

Sulfonamide Resistance Gene

ABSTRACT The sul3 gene recently described in Escherichia coli was found in 22 of 512 (4.3%) German Salmonella isolates from different regions and sources and of different serotypes, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and genomic groups. This is the first report on the prevalence of sul3 among Salmonella strains, and the findings support the strong potential of this determinant to spread within bacterial populations.

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Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in wild animals

Archives of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.46784/e-avm.v5i2.169 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Maja Velhner ◽

Ljiljana Suvajdžić ◽

Jelena Petrović ◽

Marcela Šepernada

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Animal Species ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Wild Animals ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Wild Life

The paper presents the recent finding of resistance phenotype and distribution of resistant genes in Escherichia Coli (E. coli) isolated from wild life. The resistance distribution was depended on animal species, their natural habitat, and some seasonal variations were also evident. Wild animals residing close to the farms were more often spreaders of resistant bacteria than those found in nature. It was shown that humans have an important role in appearance and dissemination of resistant E. coli in population of wild animals.

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Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.595149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Erika Pavez-Muñoz ◽

Camilo González ◽

Bastián Fernández-Sanhueza ◽

Fernando Sánchez ◽

Beatriz Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Animal Species ◽

Production Systems ◽

Close Contact ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antimicrobial Usage ◽

Size Number ◽

Multivariable Regression

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen and important cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Many animal species in backyard production systems (BPS) harbor STEC, systems characterized by low biosecurity and technification. No information is reported on STEC circulation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and potential drivers of antimicrobial usage in Chilean BPS, increasing the risk of maintenance and transmission of zoonotic pathogens and AMR generation. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic and genotypic AMR and to study the epidemiology of STEC isolated in BPS from Metropolitana region, Chile. A total of 85 BPS were sampled. Minimal inhibitory concentration and whole genome sequencing was assessed in 10 STEC strain isolated from BPS. All strains were cephalexin-resistant (100%, n = 10), and five strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (50%). The most frequent serotype was O113:H21 (40%), followed by O76:H19 (40%), O91:H14 (10%), and O130:H11 (10%). The stx1 type was detected in all isolated strains, while stx2 was only detected in two strains. The Stx subtype most frequently detected was stx1c (80%), followed by stx1a (20%), stx2b (10%), and stx2d (10%). All strains harbored chromosomal blaAmpC. Principal component analysis shows that BPS size, number of cattle, pet and horse, and elevation act as driver of antimicrobial usage. Logistic multivariable regression shows that recognition of diseases in animals (p = 0.038; OR = 9.382; 95% CI: 1.138–77.345), neighboring poultry and/or swine BPS (p = 0.006; OR = 10.564; 95% CI: 1.996–55.894), visit of Veterinary Officials (p = 0.010; OR = 76.178; 95% CI: 2.860–2029.315) and close contact between animal species in the BPS (p = 0.021; OR = 9.030; 95% CI: 1.385–58.888) increase significantly the risk of antimicrobial use in BPS. This is the first evidence of STEC strains circulating in BPS in Chile, exhibiting phenotypic AMR, representing a threat for animal and public health. Additionally, we identified factors acting as drivers for antimicrobial usage in BPS, highlighting the importance of integration of these populations into surveillance and education programs to tackle the potential development of antimicrobial resistance and therefore the risk for ecosystemic health.

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