Regional Survey of Demographical and Epidemiological of Geriatric Psychiatric Disorders in Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Mirabzadeh ◽  
S.K. Malakouti ◽  
P. Fatollahi ◽  
T. Zandi ◽  
M. Salavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
World Population ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

Objectives:Today, about 10% of the world population are older than 65 and even it is about 30% in some of society. According to growing of population in the word and in Iran and also high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this group, demographic and epidemiological studies are necessary.Methods:From 1422 subjects 59 years or older, who were live in Ekbatan district of Tehran, 313 subjects were chosen randomly. Finally 204 subjects were enrolled and completed the questionnaires of GDS-15, GHQ and CES-D. from study sample, 104 subjects were selected randomly and interviewed by CIDI to validate psychiatric disorders.Results:According to our study, 53.4% of subjects were women and 46.6% of them were male and 63% of the population were between 60-75. the life time prevalence for all psychiatric disorders were 35% and the period prevalence were 17.5%. 25.2% of subjects had only one psychiatric disorder and 6.8% and 2.9% of them had two and three or more psychiatric disorders, respectively. the most prevalence of psychiatric disorders were Major depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder, OCD and PTSD, respectively. Some subjects had not engaged in treatment.Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that the psychiatric disorders in Iranian geriatric population are common. It seems that these results can be helpful for mental health services.

scholarly journals Do spirometry for patients with cardiovascular diseases?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Nazarov ◽  
K A Zykov ◽  
L G Ratova ◽  
O Yu Agapova ◽  
Yu A Dolgusheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades cardiovascular (CVD) and COPD diseases are widespread around the world, leading to a high prevalence of patients with comorbidity, especially arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or bronchial asthma (BA). The growing number of patients with this comorbidity is due to increased hypertension, COPD, and asthma comorbidities, with the increase of the geriatric population of patients with these pathologies. Epidemiological studies have shown that the deterioration of lung function is as strong a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors. However, spirometry in patients with CVD is carried out infrequently. Inadequate spirometric diagnostics of COPD and asthma, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease, affects the clinical course of both diseases, leading to inappropriate treatment and poor prognosis for the patient. The need for extensive screening spirometry in all patients with CVD is not proven. Thera are no spirometry reference values in patients with CVD, which makes it almost impossible to use these parameters in stratification of CV risk. This dictates the need for further research to clarify the relationship between the severity and characteristics of the various CVD and spirometric parameters.

Mechanisms Involved in Glycemic Control Promoted by Exercise in Diabetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
Víviam de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Luciano José Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

scholarly journals Comparative Prevalence Studies of Hepatitis C Patients in Developing Vs Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Umer Tahir ◽  
Qurat Ul Ain ◽  
Rai Waqas ◽  
Irfan Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

Viral hepatitis is one of the common transmissible causes of chronic liver responsible for increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Hepatitis C disease has worldwide high prevalence which is more fatal because of lack of vaccination availability. Present study was conducted with the aim of to address the comparative prevalence and risk factor of hepatitis C. Secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of this disease in Pakistan as compared to other countries. Most of the countries in the world do not have significant studies of population infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). During 1990-2016, 232 studies were included; containing 117 countries representing that 90% of the world population have 2.3% prevalence. According to studies, developed countries have low HCV prevalence while developing countries have high prevalence. Pakistan being a developing country has second highest HCV prevalence ranging from 4.5 to 8%. The reason of this high prevalence is unawareness about Hepatitis C in community and lack of successful therapies for patients with HCV. In past, developed countries had high prevalence but now they have low incidence because of proper system and awareness. Pakistan needs such kind of public awareness programs and better treatment facilities at affordable price to community.Tahir et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2016, 5(12): 106-110http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue12/02.pdf

Prevalence of Dystonia in Antioquia, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Marcos Solano Atehortúa ◽  
Sandra Patricia Isaza Jaramillo ◽  
Ana Rendón Bañol ◽  
Omar Buritica Henao
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Log Linear

Background: There are few published epidemiological studies concerning dystonia. Its true prevalence has been difficult to establish. There is no data published in Latin America on this matter. Methods: In this study the prevalence of dystonias in the Department of Antioquia (Colombia) was estimated using a capture-recapture methodology with log-linear modeling, including cases in 3 centers for neurological referrals that cover the Department of Antioquia from 2007 to 2012. Results: The overall prevalence was 712 per 1,000,000 (95% CI 487-937). Of the total of 874 patients, 79% had primary dystonias, and 75.5% had focal dystonias. The delay in diagnosis was longer for primary dystonias, with a median of 1 year. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of dystonias in Antioquia. The frequency of the different types of dystonias, as well as the demographic characteristics of our patients, is similar to data from other populations of the world.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies of malaria parasite on HIV patients attending General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Oru East, Imo State,Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Treasure Njoku-Obi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

HIV and malaria are the two most prevalent and deadly diseases in the world. Malaria and HIV accounted for about 255 million cases in 2017, with malaria having 86% of this distribution and HIV having 14% of the distribution. Given the overlap of their geographic distribution and resultant rates of coinfection, interactions between the two diseases pose major public health problems. This study was aimed at investigating the epidemiology of malaria –HIV co-infection in respect to sex, age and its association with CD4+ count and viral load. 230 HIV sero-positive participants and 100 HIV sero-negative participants(control) were employed for this study. 52 (22.6%) of the HIV infected participants tested positive for malaria while only 9(9.0%) of the non-HIV participants tested positive to malaria. The prevalence of malarial infection in HIV positive individuals was higher in females (23.9%) than in males (18.5%). While in age group of 30-39 showed the highest prevalence (35.3%) of co-infection. A high prevalence of 47.7% was recorded with CD4+ below 200 cells/μl than 7.6% in participants with CD4+ greater than 200 cells/μl. A highprevalence (49.2%) was also detected in patients with viral load of above 10,000 copies/μl compared to that of those with viral load less than 10,000 copies/μl(12.6%). This study showed a high prevalence of malaria in HIV patients in Awo-Omamma,Oru East, Imo state. This should be considered a great concern to public health. Thus, more effort should be put in research to curb this health issue.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of dementia

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
G. Ch. Geraybeyli ◽  
N. R. Hajiyeva ◽  
B. V. Salmanzade
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
World Population ◽  
Normal Part ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect

It is estimated that by 2050 the world population over the age of 60 will be 2 billion. Population ageing is occurring rapidly in LMIC. A clearly negative effect of rapid ageing of the population is the increase in the number of the people with dementia. Although dementia mainly affects older people, it is not a normal part of ageing. According to different estimates, between 2% and 10% of all cases of dementia start before the age of 65. The prevalence doubles with every five-year increment in age after 65. The number of people globally who are living with dementia in 2011 is estimated to be 35.6 million, and epidemiological studies indicate that this number is expected to grow at an alarming rate. It is estimated that numbers will nearly double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. The majority of these people will be living in LMIC.

scholarly journals Analysis and applicability of protocols for the diagnosis of refractive errors in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Laura Victoria Martín Algarra ◽  
Martha Fabiola Rodríguez Álvarez ◽  
Andrés Gené Sampedro
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Health

Currently, a large part of the world population does not have access to quality visual health services. Most of this population lives in developing countries, thus it is necessary to screen the general population to identify ocular abnormalities such as refractive errors and amblyopia in schoolchildren. The protocols for complete visual screening or examination vary widely regarding the type of tests and procedures, although most of them use visual acuity (VA) and refraction as the main diagnostic criteria. These clinical tests should have good quality and precision, that is, a high sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, in most clinical and epidemiological studies, the quality and accuracy of the tests used are unknown, which makes it difficult to compare results and to estimate the real conditions of visual problems in the population. Therefore, the objective of this literature review was to describe the main tests and protocols used in epidemiological and clinical studies for the detection of refractive errors in children.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Narodova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko ◽  
V. V. Narodova ◽  
A. A. Narodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insufficient Number

This review examines the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults in Russia and abroad. References were taken from Russian and foreign databases for the period from 2010–2017. Only full-text publications (66) were included in this review. We concluded that the despite the achievements of clinical pharmacology and the development of new antiepileptic drugs, the problem of drug resistant epilepsy remains not fully resolved today. The worldwide high prevalence rate of patients with drug resistant epilepsy substantiates the problem. Thus, the average incidence of this disease varies from 30% to 70%, depending on the type of epilepsy and background pathology, which is the cause of symptomatic epilepsy. However, we have faced the problem of the absence both in Russia and abroad of large multicenter studies on the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in the analyzed period of time. We have also revealed the lack of a unified definition of the disease, which is probably one of the reasons for the insufficient number of epidemiological studies of drug resistant epilepsy in different countries of the world.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among the Rural Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study in Karnataka, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreejith S. Nair ◽  
Pooja Raghunath ◽  
Sreekanth S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The World

Background: Increasing life expectancy around the world, an outstanding achievement of our century, has brought with it new public health challenges. India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 72 million inhabitants above 60 years of age as of 2001. The life expectancy in India increased from 32 years in 1947 to over 66 years in 2010, with 8.0% of the population now reaching over 60 years of age. Few studies in India target the health, especially mental health, of this geriatric population. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the geriatric population of the rural area of Singanodi,Karnataka, India.Methods: This cross sectional, epidemiological, community-based study was conducted in a rural health training area of Singanodi, Raichur District, Karnataka, India.The General Health Questionnaire-12, Mini Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered to 366 participants. Chi square tests with Yates correction were utilized for statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 software.Results:We found that 33.9% of the geriatric population in the selected province were above the threshold for mental illness based on the GHQ-12 questionnaire. Females had a higher prevalence of mental disorder at 77.6% (152 out of 196) as compared to males who had a prevalence of 42.4% (72 out of 170). The most common psychiatric disorder was depression (21.9%), and generalized anxiety was present in 10.7% of the study population. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.3%, with a significantly higher percentage of  affected individuals in 80+ age group.Conclusion: Mental disorders are common among elderly people, but they are not well documented in rural India. The assessment of psychiatric disorder prevalence will help strengthen psycho-geriatric services and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly.  A system that ensures comprehensive health care will have to be developed for this purpose as part of our future efforts.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of major depressive disorder in Taiwanese adults: possible explanations and implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-C. Liao ◽  
W. J. Chen ◽  
M.-B. Lee ◽  
F.-W. Lung ◽  
T.-J. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Prevalence

BackgroundThis study examined the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), and the correlations and co-morbid conditions associated with MDD, in the adult Taiwanese population, which a previous estimate in the 1980s had found to be at the lower end of the spectrum worldwide. Possible explanations for the reported low prevalence of MDD were evaluated.MethodAs part of a survey of common psychiatric disorders in a nationally representative sample of individuals aged ⩾18 years who were non-institutionalized civilians in Taiwan, a face-to-face interview using the paper version of the World Mental Health Survey of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was conducted between 2003 and 2005. Functional impairment and help-seeking behaviors were compared between Taiwanese subjects with MDD and their counterparts in the USA.ResultsAmong the 10 135 respondents, the lifetime prevalence of MDD was 1.20% [standard error (s.e.)=0.2%]. Individuals who were divorced or widowed, aged ⩽40 years, and female were at increased risk, whereas rural residents were at lower risk for MDD. The proportion of MDD cases co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders in this study was much lower than in the US study. Only one-third of Taiwanese individuals with MDD sought help despite having twice the number of lost workdays compared with the US sample.ConclusionsDespite the low prevalence of MDD in Taiwanese adults, the pattern of low help-seeking behavior and profound functional impairment indicates much room for improvement in the early detection of and intervention in major depression in this population.

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