Contributions to the study of young adult's depression: Studying the gender differences in the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in a portuguese young adults community sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 651-651
Author(s):  
M.S. Mendes ◽  
M.T. Fagulha
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Depressive Episodes

This study aims to describe the prevalence of depressive symptomatology among young men and woman in a Portuguese non-clinical representative community sample, with ages between 18 and 29. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale - CES-D (Radloff, 1977), and a Questionnaire including questions concerning sociodemographic variables, general health variables and women health variables, as well as interpersonal stress factors were mailed to a sample of 1480 subjects. A phone line was available and local papers asked for collaboration. 83 young adults aged between 18 and 29 (M = 28, 33,7%; F = 55, 66,3%) answered the CES-D and the Questionnaire.A gender difference in the intensity of depressive symptomatology was founded and it was higher in young women (18,56 ± 13.7) in comparison with young men (13, 43 ± 7.5) (t = −3,455; p = 0.001). Logistic regression has shown that young women have a double risk of being depressed in comparison with young men and has also shown significant risk increments in depressive symptomatology among rural, non-college and recent unemployed respondents in comparison to urban residents, students and employed young adults. Significant risk increments in depressive symptomatology was also found among young adults with previous depressive episodes and among subjects who report feelings of loneliness, lack of sexual pleasure or interest and high concerns about body appearance and weight (both young men and woman). Some other risk factors for depression in young adulthood are discussed as well as the need of preventive focused programs in specific risk groups such as young women and recent unemployed young adults.

Abstract P052: Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Declines in the United States From 1980 through 2011: Evidence for Stagnation in Young Adults, Especially Women

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobina A Wilmot ◽  
Martin O’Flaherty ◽  
Simon Capewell ◽  
Earl S Ford ◽  
Viola Vaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Cardiovascular mortality rates have fallen dramatically over the past four decades. However, recent unfavorable trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among young adults (obesity, diabetes, and tobacco use) raise concerns about their subsequent impact on CHD mortality. Furthermore, recent data from the US and other countries suggest a worsening of CHD incidence and mortality among young women. We therefore examined recent trends in CHD mortality rates in the US according to age and sex. Methods: We used mortality data between 1980 and 2011 from US adults ≥ 25 years. We calculated age-specific CHD mortality rates and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for US adults, and compared three decades of data (1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2011). We also used Joinpoint regression modeling to assess changes in trends over time, based on inflection points of the mortality distribution. Results: Young men and women (aged<55 years) showed a robust decline in CHD mortality from 1980 until 1989 (EAPC -5.5% in men and -4.6% in women). However, the two subsequent decades saw stagnation with minimal improvement (Table). This was particularly true for young women who had no improvements between 1990 and 1999 (EAPC +0.1%), and only -1% EAPC since 2000. In contrast, older adults (65+years) showed steep annual declines since 2000, approximately doubled compared with the previous period (women, -5.0% and men, -4.4%). Jointpoint analyses provided consistent results. Conclusions: The dramatic declines in cardiovascular mortality since 1980 conceals major heterogeneities. CHD death rates in older groups are now falling steeply. However, young men and women have enjoyed small decreases in CHD mortality rates since 1990. The drivers of these major differences in CHD mortality trends by age and sex needs urgent study.

scholarly journals Drinking High Amounts of Alcohol as a Short-Term Mating Strategy: The Impact of Short-Term Mating Motivations on Young Adults’ Drinking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470491770707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Vincke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Previous research indicates that drinking large quantities of alcohol could function as a short-term mating strategy for young adults in mating situations. However, no study investigated whether this is actually the case. Therefore, in this article, the link between short-term mating motivations and drinking high amounts of alcohol is tested. First, a survey study ( N = 345) confirmed that young adults who engage in binge drinking are more short-term oriented in their mating strategy than young adults who never engage in binge drinking. Also, the more short-term-oriented young adults were in their mating strategy, the more often binge drinking behavior was conducted. In addition, an experimental study ( N = 229) empirically verified that short-term mating motivations increase young adults’ drinking behavior, more so than long-term mating motivations. Results of the experiment clearly showed that young men and young women are triggered to drink more alcoholic beverages in a short-term mating situation compared to a long-term mating situation. Furthermore, the mating situation also affected young adults’ perception of drinking behavior. Young adults in a short-term mating context perceived a higher amount of alcoholic beverages as heavy drinking compared to peers in a long-term mating context. These findings confirm that a high alcohol consumption functions as a short-term mating strategy for both young men and young women. Insights gained from this article might be of interest to institutions aimed at targeting youth alcohol (ab)use.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Marital Status On The Standard Of Living Of Young Men And Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Seeborg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Men And Women

<p class="MsoBlockText" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data base is used to explore the effects of changes in marital status on the standard of living of a sample of young adults. OLS regression analysis indicates that changes in marital status have very different effects on young women and young men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Women receive large increases in their income-to-needs ratios when they marry, and they incur large declines in their income-to-needs ratios after experiencing a divorce or separation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Men, on the other hand, do not experience significant changes in their income-to-needs ratios when their marital status changes.</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals “We’re like the sex CPR dummies”: Young women’s understandings of (hetero)sexual pleasure in university accommodation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Brown ◽  
Johanna Schmidt ◽  
Neville Robertson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Key Issues

In this article, we explore the discourses that affect young women’s experiences of (hetero)sexual pleasure, drawing on data from focus groups with young women and young men who lived within a university residential setting in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Here we focus on the gendered understandings among the participants that prioritise men’s sexual pleasure and largely position women as the means of achieving that pleasure. The young women spoke of multiple barriers to gaining equality during (hetero)sexual experiences, with key issues being the coital imperative and women’s supposed sexual passivity. In challenging these barriers, the young women described various tactics used to resist their subordinate position. However, the women often placed the onus of responsibility for dismantling these barriers on themselves, thus bearing the burden of responsibility for not only young men’s sexual pleasure but also their own.

scholarly journals Assessment of Functional Capacities of the Cardiorespiratory System in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
NN Tyatenkova ◽  
OS Aminova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Functional Capacities

Introduction. A contemporary man lives and acts in conditions of increasing intensity and duration of synergistic effects of numerous adverse environmental factors causing a rapid depletion of his physiological reserves. It has been proven that functional indices of the cardiovascular system are a universal indicator of compensatory and adaptive activities of the organism. The purpose of the study was to assess functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system in young people, depending on social status and level of education. Materials and methods. The study included 1,978 young people aged 18–25 years, with different social status and educational level. Functional capacities were assessed by physiometric properties and estimated indices. Results. We established that blood pressure values were significantly higher in young men compared to women and in students compared to working youth. We also found an inverse correlation between the prevalence of hypertension and the level of education of working young adults. Average group values of the Robinson index were assessed as moderate for men and good for women. Functional capacities of the cardiovascular system in students were generally lower than those among working youth. The group average of the vital capacity index in young men and women was higher and significantly higher than the average value, respectively. Statistically higher values of this index were observed among female students compared to working young women. Conclusions. Our assessment of functional capacities of the cardiorespiratory system showed that the young women had a greater ability to respond to combined effects of adverse environmental factors adequately and securely. This ability enabled them to spend their body reserves more economically and resist diseases. The energy potential of the cardiovascular system of working youth was higher than that of students. The latter, on the other hand, demonstrated higher capacities of the respiratory system. A higher level of education among working young adults was associated with better functional capacities and adaptive reserves of the circulatory system.

“My Roommates Would Laugh at me”: Young Males Reveal Embarrassment over Lack of Food Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristen Simonds ◽  
Lucy Yixuan Zhang ◽  
June I. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Storage

Purpose: This descriptive qualitative study explored young males’ perceptions of food skills in 3 domains: food selection and planning, food preparation, and food safety and storage. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: Forty-four young men (aged 17–35) reported varying levels of food skills, from little/no confidence to very confident and skilled. Most participants learned food skills from their mothers. Greater involvement in food selection and planning at a young age appeared to be related to parental influence and encouragement, exposure to food skills at school, and interest in food-related activities, which, in turn, provided a solid foundation for being confident cooks as young adults. Most notable was the lack of knowledge about, or confidence in, food safety and storage. Young men with low self-perceived food skills were deeply embarrassed about this deficiency in front of peers who had higher levels of confidence and skills. Conclusions: Future interventions or curricula should emphasize food safety and storage. This research also illustrates the importance of the home environment in teaching food skills to youth and ensuring that food skills are taught well before young adults begin living independently.

Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ivashinenko ◽  
Elena Burdelova ◽  
Lyubov Ivashinenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.

Telling Cases That Inform an Understanding of Factors Impacting the Development of Inventors From Diverse Backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Stephanie Couch ◽  
Audra Skukauskaite ◽  
Leigh B. Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Year ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds

The lack of diversity among patent holders in the United States (1-3) is a topic that is being discussed by federal policymakers. Available data suggests that prolific patent holders and leading technology innovators are 88.3% male and nearly 94.3% Asian, Pacific Islander, or White, and half of the diversity that does exist is among those who are foreign born (3). The data shows that there is a need for greater diversity among patent holders. Few studies, however, are available to guide the work of educators creating learning opportunities to help young people from diverse backgrounds learn to invent. Educators must navigate issues that have complex sociocultural and historical dimensions (4), which shape the ideas of those surrounding them regarding who can invent, with whom, under what conditions, and for what purposes. In this paper, we report the results of an ongoing multimethod study of an invention education pro- gram that has worked with teachers and students in Grades 6 through 12 for the past 16 years. Findings stem from an analysis of end-of-year experience surveys and interview transcripts of six students (three young men and three young women) who participated in high school InvenTeams®. The data were used to investigate three topics: 1) ways high school students who have participated on an InvenTeam conceptualize the term "failure" and what it means to "learn from failure," 2) what supported and constrained the work of the three young women during their InvenTeams experience and the implications for policy makers concerned about the gender gap in patenting, and 3) ways the young men and young women took up (or didn't take up) the identity of "inventor" after working on a team that developed a working prototype of an invention during the previous school year.

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