Antiepileptic effects of quinine in the pentylenetetrazole model of seizure

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1286-1286
Author(s):  
B. Torabinejad ◽  
M. Nassiri-Asl ◽  
F. Zamansoltani
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gap Junction Channels ◽  
Connexin 36

IntroductionQuinine, is an anti-malarial drug that specifically blocks connexin 36 at gap junction channels.ObjectiveQuinine has suppressed ictal epileptiform activity in vitro without decreasing neuronal excitability.AimWe considered the possible anticonvulsant effects of quinine in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model of seizure.MethodsIn five groups, the mice were given quinine at the doses of 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 mg/kg 30 min before the administration of PTZ (90 mg/kg). Two groups were injected with diazepam, the positive control (0.5, 1 mg/kg) and one group, the control group, was injected with saline + Tween 80 before the administration of PTZ. The onset of a general clonus was used as the endpoint. The general clonus was characterized by forelimb clonus followed by full clonus of the body.ResultsIn the PTZ model, quinine at the dose of 60 mg/kg increased the latency of seizure. However, quinine at 40-60 mg/kg decreased the duration of seizure, dose dependently.ConclusionThe present study provides evidence for anticonvulsant activity of quinine in the generalized clonic seizure of PTZ model. As a result of these finding, we suggest that gap junctions represent an appropriate target for the development of drugs aimed at decreasing epileptiform synchronization and preventing epileptogenesis.

scholarly journals Amelioration of caffeine-induced seizures by modulators of sigma, N-methyl-d-Aspartate and ryanodine receptors in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Keshavarz ◽  
Seyyed Hoseini ◽  
Samad Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Clonic Seizures

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of opipramol, a sigma receptor agonist, diazepam, ketamine, an N-methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor antagonist, against caffeine-induced seizures in mice.Methods We used caffeine (1000 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for inducing clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in male albino Swiss strain of mice. We used opipramol in three different doses (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg), ketamine (50 mg/kg), dantrolene (40 mg/kg), opipramol (20 mg/kg) plus ketamine (50 mg/kg), opipramol (20 mg/kg) plus dantrolene (40 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg as a positive control) and the vehicle 30 min before injecting caffeine. We recorded the onset of clonic, tonic-clonic seizures and the time of death of animals after using caffeine.Results Animals treated with opipramol at a dose of 50 mg/kg or diazepam had a higher onset of clonic seizure compared with the vehicle-treated group. Dantrolene alone or with opipramol (20 mg/kg) increased the latency of clonic seizure compared with the control group. Opipramol (20 and 50 mg/kg), diazepam, ketamine alone or with opipramol, and dantrolene plus opipramol increased the latency of tonic-clonic seizures in mice. All the treatments except opipramol (10 mg/kg) and dantrolene alone increased the latency of death of animals.Conclusion Opipramol attenuated seizures produced by high doses of caffeine. Moreover, the activation of sigma receptors and inhibition of ryanodine receptors may produce synergistic effects against caffeine-induced seizures. Our study may imply that different mechanisms such as inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors, activation of NMDA and ryanodine receptors may contribute to the caffeine-induced seizures.

scholarly journals Amylase-Producing Maltooligosaccharide Provides Potential Relief in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Yeong Jang ◽  
Yejin Ahn ◽  
Hyung Joo Suh ◽  
Ki-Bae Hong ◽  
Kyungae Jo
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Potential Relief ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Mucosal Thickness

Constipation is a chronic disease caused by infrequent, inadequate, and difficult bowel movements. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential laxative effect of maltooligosaccharide (MOS) on loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of MOS on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Moreover, to examine the effect of MOS administration on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide-induced constipation, the drinking water for the rats was supplemented with 10% or 15% of MOS for 14 days, and, thereafter, the improvement in constipation was assessed. For this, the rats were divided into five groups: normal (Nor), loperamide-induced constipated (Con), positive control (15% of dual-oligosaccharide (DuO-15)), 10% MOS treated (MOS-10), and 15% MOS-treated (MOS-15). In an in vitro test, MOS treatment promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria except Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Treatment with higher MOS dose relieved constipation in rats by improving the fecal pellet and water content. Furthermore, in the high MOS dose group, the cecal short-chain fatty acid levels significantly increased compared to those in the control group (P<0.001). MOS treatment also improved the mucosal thickness as well as mucin secretion and increased the area of intestinal Cajal cells compared to that in the control group (P<0.001). These findings suggest that MOS relieves constipation and has beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and, therefore, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods for treating constipation or improving intestinal health.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽  
RETNO BUDIARTI ◽  
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Diarrhea Disease

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on <em>Shigella Dysentriae</em> growth in vitro is needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the <em>Shigella dysentriae</em> bacteria in vitro.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>) inhibit the growth of <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>), antibacterial</p>

scholarly journals EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI LABU KUNING (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTELMINTIK PADA CACING GELANG (ASCARIDIA GALLI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Noni Zakiah ◽  
Vonna Aulianshah ◽  
T. Maulana Hidayatullah ◽  
Faridah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Kegunaan labu kuning di Indonesia masih sebatas daging buah yang dapat diolah menjadi panganan seperti kue basah, kolak dan sayur berkuah. Secara empiris, biji labu kuning telah digunakan untuk mengatasi cacingan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mortalitas cacing gelang (Ascaridia galli) dalam ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor Ascaridia galli yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol negatif menggunakan larutan NaCl fisiologis, kelompok II kontrol positif menggunakan larutan pirantel pamoat 0,5 %, kelompok III, IV dan V berturut-turut menggunakan 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning. Parameter penelitian ini ditentukan dengan melihat persentase nilai skor pasca inkubasi 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Skor 3 diberikan apabila seluruh tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 2 diberikan jika hanya sebagian tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 1 jika Ascaridia galli diam tetapi masih hidup, dan skor 0 apabila Ascaridia galli mati. Hasil uji in vitro dengan perlakuan 25 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning menyebabkan kematian 3 ekor Ascaridia galli  atau 60% pasca inkubasi 36 jam, sedangkan ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning dengan perlakuan 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml dan kelompok kontrol positif mengakibatkan kematian 4 ekor Ascaridia galli atau 80% pasca inkubasi 36 jam. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) dosis 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, dan 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dalam waktu 36 jam mampu mengakibatkan mortalitas Ascaridia galli. The use of yellow pumpkin in Indonesia is still limited to fruit meat that can be processed into snacks such as soggy cakes, porridge and vegetable soup. This research was conducted to determine the mortality of Ascaridia galli in ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). This study used 25 Ascaridia galli which were divided into 5 groups, group I was negative control using physiological NaCl solution, group II was positive control using 0.5% pirantel pamoate solution, group III, IV and V respectively used 25 mg / ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds. The parameters of this study were determined by looking at the percentage of post-incubation scores 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. A score of 3 is given if the whole body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 2 is given if only part of the body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 1 if Ascaridia galli is still but still alive, and a score of 0 if Ascaridia galli dies. In vitro test results with 25 mg/ml ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds caused 3 deaths of Ascaridia galli or 60% after incubation for 36 hours, while ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds treated with 50 mg / ml, 100 mg/ml and positive control group resulting in the death of 4 Ascaridia galli or 80% after 36 hours incubation. From the results of the study concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) doses of 25 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, and 100 mg / ml in vitro within 36 hours can lead to Ascaridia galli mortality.

scholarly journals Development of Novel Fermented Almond Milk Tea and It’s Evaluation as Antidiabetic Drink

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Deepak Kannan ◽  
Akash Kumaran ◽  
Sanjay Venkatesan ◽  
Prabhu Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Human Volunteers

Background: It is well known that almond and tea is best known to prevent Diabetes mellitus due to its abundant source of polyphenols. Also, probiotics also have been used in the treatment of Diabetes. This study is focused on the combined effect of all these three ingredients through the process of fermentation. Objective: The aim of this present study is to develop, analyse sensory parameters in human volunteers for optimisation and evaluate the antidiabetic efficiency of Fermented Almond milk tea (FAMT) both in vitro and in vivo analysis. Study Design: Development of FAMTàOptimisation of FAMT based on sensory analysis from 25 human participantsà In vitro antidiabetic analysis of FAMT extract à Animal studies. Place and Duration: The research work was conducted during November, 2019 to March, 2020 at the Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No.1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Kancheepuram Dt, TN-602117, India. Materials and Methods: FAMT was prepared by optimisation of different formulation based on sensory analysis recorded from 25 healthy human volunteers. The FAMT extract was prepared and was used for the in vitro analysis and phytochemical screening. The animal study was performed with 30 Albino Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups under preventive regimen. Group I was healthy normoglycemic control group. Group II served as positive control. Group III received metformin (350 mg/kg bw, p.o) for 28 days. Group IV received 5% Fermented almond milk for 28 days. Group V received 5% FAMT for 28thday. All groups except Group I received single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg bw, i.p) on the 29th day for the induction of Diabetes mellitus. After 7 days from induction, animals were anaesthetized and blood was drawn for the evaluation of plasma glucose and serum TG, cholesterol & insulin.   Results: It was observed that FAMT (8:2) was favoured by the participants more than other formulations. FAMT was found to contain Saponins, flavonoids and phenol. The total poly phenol of FAMT (373 ± 3.0 μg/ml) was high than Fermented almond milk (232.5 ± 2.50 μg/ml). The DPPH scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting percentage of FAMT (59 ± 4%,52 ± 3%, 50 ± 4% respectively) was high when compared to fermented almond milk (32 ± 2%,34 ± 2% and 45 ± 2% respectively). From animal studies it was significantly observed that plasma glucose (P<0.0001) was reduced, serum insulin (P<0.001) was increased, serum TG (P<0.0.001) and cholesterol (P<0.01) were reduced when compared to Positive control Group- II. Conclusion: Thus, FAMT was proved to act as a prophylactic anti-diabetic drink and was more potent than normal fermented almond milk.

scholarly journals Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal wall: An in-vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh Kirar ◽  
Pradeep Jain ◽  
Pallav Patni
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and aim: Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal walls.Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted teeth were selected for this study. After decoronation, the root canals of these teeth were prepared to the size F3 (30 no.) using rotary ProTaper file system. These samples were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=20) were filled completely with water based calcium hydroxide (CH), Group 2 (n=20) were filled with oil based CH using lentulo spiral, Group 3 (n=5) - the positive control group received the CH as intracanal medication, but no subsequent removal, Group 4 (n=5) - the negative control did not receive CH placement. Further on, Group 1 and Group 2 were divided into four sub-groups (n=5). In sub-group A we performed conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle sub-group B) manual dynamic agitation, sub-group C sonic agitation using endoactivator, sub-group D passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Roots were split longitudinally into mesial and distal halves. Digital images of the root canal walls were acquired by a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) and assessed by using a scoring criteria at different thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal as follows: score 1, score 2, score 3, and score 4. Data were analyzed applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a 95% confidence interval (P < 0.05).Results: Statistically significant differences were not found between the experimental groups and the negative group in any one third of the root canal (P>0.05). However, a difference did exist between the experimental groups and the positive control group (P<0.05). None of the experimental groups totally removed CH substances from root canal walls.Conclusion: Among all experimental groups, removal of CH was best achieved by sonic agitation using endoactivator followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), manual dynamic agitation and conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle.

Conditions Sufficient for Nonsynaptic Epileptogenesis in the CA1 Region of Hippocampal Slices

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marom Bikson ◽  
Scott C. Baraban ◽  
Dominique M. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Sodium Conductance ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Persistent Sodium Conductance

Nonsynaptic mechanisms exert a powerful influence on seizure threshold. It is well-established that nonsynaptic epileptiform activity can be induced in hippocampal slices by reducing extracellular Ca2+ concentration. We show here that nonsynaptic epileptiform activity can be readily induced in vitro in normal (2 mM) Ca2+ levels. Those conditions sufficient for nonsynaptic epileptogenesis in the CA1 region were determined by pharmacologically mimicking the effects of Ca2+ reduction in normal Ca2+ levels. Increasing neuronal excitability, by removing extracellular Mg2+ and increasing extracellular K+ (6–15 mM), induced epileptiform activity that was suppressed by postsynaptic receptor antagonists [d-(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, picrotoxin, and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione] and was therefore synaptic in nature. Similarly, epileptiform activity induced when neuronal excitability was increased in the presence of KCaantagonists (verruculogen, charybdotoxin, norepinephrine, tetraethylammonium salt, and Ba2+) was found to be synaptic in nature. Decreases in osmolarity also failed to induce nonsynaptic epileptiform activity in the CA1 region. However, increasing neuronal excitability (by removing extracellular Mg2+ and increasing extracellular K+) in the presence of Cd2+, a nonselective Ca2+channel antagonist, or veratridine, a persistent sodium conductance enhancer, induced spontaneous nonsynaptic epileptiform activity in vitro. Both novel models were characterized using intracellular and ion-selective electrodes. The results of this study suggest that reducing extracellular Ca2+ facilitates bursting by increasing neuronal excitability and inhibiting Ca2+ influx, which might, in turn, enhance a persistent sodium conductance. Furthermore, these data show that nonsynaptic mechanisms can contribute to epileptiform activity in normal Ca2+ levels.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Diode and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation in Experimentally Contaminated Primary Molar Root Canals

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Selvi Kuvvetli ◽  
Nuket Sandalli ◽  
Nursen Topcuoglu ◽  
Guven Kulekci
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Objective: In vitro comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of Diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation with that of NaOCl irrigation in contaminated primary molar root canals. Study Design: 96 root canals prepared from 32 extracted primary molar teeth were mechanically enlarged and the teeth were randomly divided into 4 subgroups. The roots were inoculated with an overnight culture of Enterococcus faecalis in tryptic soy broth for 24 hours. The root canals irradiated with diode and Er:YAG laser and irrigated with NaOCl(5.25%) were experimental groups and untreated canals served as positive control group. Bacterial growth was analysed by counting viable E.faecalis on tryptic soy agar plates. Results: The number of bacteria was significantly reduced in experimental groups in comparison with the control group. Diode laser was determined to be more effective in reducing the number of bacteria when compared to Er:YAG laser. NaOCl irrigation was found significantly most effective. Conclusions: Diode laser irradiation and 5.25 % NaOCl application provided a significant antibacterial effect in vitro, in contaminated primary molar root canals.

scholarly journals Diadenosine-Polyphosphate Analogue AppCH2ppA Suppresses Seizures by Enhancing Adenosine Signaling in the Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 3778-3795
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pons-Bennaceur ◽  
Vera Tsintsadze ◽  
Thi-thien Bui ◽  
Timur Tsintsadze ◽  
Marat Minlebaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Anticonvulsant Treatment ◽  
A1 Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Signaling

Abstract Epilepsy is a multifactorial disorder associated with neuronal hyperexcitability that affects more than 1% of the human population. It has long been known that adenosine can reduce seizure generation in animal models of epilepsies. However, in addition to various side effects, the instability of adenosine has precluded its use as an anticonvulsant treatment. Here we report that a stable analogue of diadenosine-tetraphosphate: AppCH2ppA effectively suppresses spontaneous epileptiform activity in vitro and in vivo in a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) mouse model (Tsc1+/−), and in postsurgery cortical samples from TSC human patients. These effects are mediated by enhanced adenosine signaling in the cortex post local neuronal adenosine release. The released adenosine induces A1 receptor-dependent activation of potassium channels thereby reducing neuronal excitability, temporal summation, and hypersynchronicity. AppCH2ppA does not cause any disturbances of the main vital autonomous functions of Tsc1+/− mice in vivo. Therefore, we propose this compound to be a potent new candidate for adenosine-related treatment strategies to suppress intractable epilepsies.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA LONGA (LINN.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Jyoti Pandey ◽  
Suman Mishra ◽  
Kamal Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Objective: The current study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa as an alternative source of effective remedies for nematodiasis.Methods: The anthelmintic activity of the C. longa was assessed in vitro against Haemonchus spp., a gastrointestinal (abomasum) parasite of goats. Different concentrations of the extracts (1 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were tested, and the results expressed in terms of time of paralysis (minute) and time of death (minute) of the worms. Albendazole (1 mg/mL) was used as a reference (positive control) and PBS as a control group (negative control).Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract (ME) of the plant disclosed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenol, anthraquinone, and carbohydrates; whereas, the aqueous extract (AE) showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Both ME and AE of the C. longa (rhizome) expressed significant efficacy (p≤0.05) in causing paralysis as well as the death of the worms within 12 h of exposure at all tested concentrations, as compared to the negative control. The rhizome extracts of C. longa showed dose-dependent efficacy in causing paralysis of the worm motility and the final progression to death. The results showed that the ME at 10 mg/mL was significantly more potent (p≤0.05) over the AE.Conclusions: This study concluded that the rhizome extract of C. longa exhibited potent anthelmintic efficacy against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus spp.

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