scholarly journals P116: Colder, but no less safe: A comparison of bicycle related traumas in winter compared to summer cyclists

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
S. Davis ◽  
J. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Trauma Severity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level I ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: This study aimed to examine difference in trauma injuries between bicycle users in winter months compared to summer months. Behavioral variables were also examined to assess seasonal variability, as well as associations with traumas. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all bicycle related traumas presenting to a level I trauma center between the years 1998-2018. All data was collected through a standardized trauma database. Seasonal differences were examined by comparing trauma severity and behavior patterns between patients arriving in the months May-September (summer) and those arriving in November-March (winter). Outcome measures included: Injury Severity Scale, GCS, type of accident, helmet use, demographics and alcohol level. Groups were compared using t-tests and Chi-square analysis as appropriate. Results: A total of 980 bicycle related traumas were analyzed. There were a significantly greater number of injuries in the summer as compared to winter months (879 in summer vs. 101 in winter). While most injuries in both groups were rated in the severe range of the Injury Severity Scale, there were no differences in injury severity, initial GCS, deaths, or head injuries between the two seasons. There were also no differences in drug, alcohol, or helmet use. The only significant difference between seasons was that winter riders were more likely to be male. Overall, helmet use was associated with lower injury severity, less head trauma, and a higher initial GCS. Use of alcohol was associated with less likelihood of wearing a helmet. Conclusion: In conclusion, bicycle use in winter does not appear to be associated with worse outcomes than summer. Public health interventions can continue to encourage winter bicycle use, with the encouragement of helmet use and avoidance of alcohol when cycling as an important protective factor in both seasons.

All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries: Are They Dangerous? A 6-Year Experience at a Level I Trauma Center after Legislative Regulations Expired

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Fonseca ◽  
M.G. Ochsner ◽  
W.J. Bromberg ◽  
D. Gantt
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Level I

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have increased in popularity and sales since 1971. This rise in popularity led to an increase in injuries resulting in voluntary industry rider safety regulations in 1988, which expired without renewal in 1998. Our purpose was twofold, to determine the incidence and severity of ATV injuries in our patient population and what, if any impact the safety regulations had. To further characterize the risk of ATV use, we compared them to a vehicle generally recognized as dangerous, the motorcycle (MC). Our trauma registry was reviewed from January 1998 through August 2004 for ATV or MC injured. Data collected included age, gender, mortality, Injury Severity Score (ISS), helmet use, and injury distribution. These were compared to our data from the decade of regulation. There were 352 MC and 221 ATV patients. ATV injured demonstrated a higher proportion of pediatric and female patients ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), a decrease in helmet use (8.6% vs 64.7%, P < 0.001), and increased closed head injuries (CHI) (54.2% vs 44.9%, P < 0.05) compared with MC injured. ISS and mortality were similar. The average number of patients from 1988 to 1998 was 6.9/yr compared to 31.6/yr ( P < 0.001) during 1998–2004 with equal ISS. Our data show that there has been a dramatic and progressive increase in the number of ATV crashes since expiration of industry regulations. ATVs are as dangerous as MCs based on patient ISS and mortality. There are significantly more children and women injured on ATVs. The lower rate of helmet use in ATVs may account for the significantly greater incidence of CHI. These data mandate the need for injury prevention efforts for ATV riders, in particular children, through increased public awareness and new legislation.

Pediatric Equestrian Injuries: Assessing The Impact of Helmet Use

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-489
Author(s):  
G. Randall Bond ◽  
Richard A. Christoph ◽  
Bradley M. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
University Of Virginia ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To assess the impact of helmet use on the pattern, and severity of pediatric equestrian injuries. Design. A prospective observational study of all children less than 15 years of age who were brought to the University of Virginia children's Emergency Department with horse-related injuries. Results. During the two-year period of the study, 32 children were evaluated. Two children were injured when a horse stepped on them. Thirty children fell from or were thrown from a horse. Of these, 20 were wearing a helmet. Head injuries were more frequent in those patients not wearing helmets. The mean Modified Injury Severity Scale (MISS) score for riders without a helmet (12.9) was significantly higher (more severe) than that for helmeted riders (2.8). All three patients with a Glascow Coma Score &lt;15 on arrival were not wearing a helmet at the time of injury. The frequency of hospitalization was significantly higher for those not wearing a helmet. Compared with other common mechanisms of childhood injury the mean Modified Injury Severity Scale score of injured riders was exceeded only by that of pedestrians struck by a car. Conclusion. Equestrian injuries are more severe than those suffered from other common pediatric mechanisms. Helmet use is associated with decreased frequency and severity of central nervous system injury.

Comparison of ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dang ◽  
D. L. Rowland ◽  
W. H. Faircloth
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Diagnosis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut can be accomplished by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but there has been no report of a direct comparison of the success of the two assays in evaluating infection rates of field-grown peanut. We collected peanut root samples from field-grown plants, 76 in 2006 and 48 in 2007, and tested these samples by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the presence of TSWV. Out of 124 samples, 50 (40.3%) and 57 (46.0%) were positive for TSWV by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In 13.7% of these samples, ELISA and RT-PCR differed in their results. However, Chi square analysis showed no significant difference between the results for these two assays. This result supports the conclusion that ELISA and RT-PCR are comparable for detecting TSWV infection rates in field-grown peanuts.

scholarly journals Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria : prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Omudu ◽  
E.U. Amuta
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Domestic environmental pollution resulting from urban livestock farming was investigated in Makurdi using parasitological techniques. The test tube flotation technique was used for the parasitological analysis of animal faecal matter and soil samples collected from residential premises. Ectoparasitic fauna of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle cohabiting with humans within the same residential compound were also collected and identified. The hand-picking and body brushing methods were employed to search for ticks, fleas, lice and mites. Of the 150 soil samples examined, 55 (36.7 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. There was no significant difference in the distribution of eggs in the soil samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=0.046, df=2, P>0.05). Ascaris species were the dominant parasite eggs found. Of the 180 faecal samples examined, 107 (59.4 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the level of infection of different animal faeces sampled (c2=5.74, df=4, P>0.05). Ascaris species were again the dominating helminth parasite eggs found. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of helminth eggs in the animal faecal samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=5.99, df=4, P>0.05). A total of 1908 ectoparasites was recovered (ticks: 32.80 %; lice: 22.43 %; fleas: 22.06% and mite: 22.69 %). There was no significant difference in infestation animals between sexes (c2=0.10, df=4, P>0.05). The predominant genus encountered for ticks were Amblyomma, while Linognathus (43.90%), Ctenocephalides (97.38%) and Sarcoptes (58.89 %) were most predominant for lice, fleas and mites respectively. The public health implications of the findings, especially as these relate to the increasing incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections, are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Theophilus Apenuvor ◽  
John Blay ◽  
Joseph Aggreyfynn ◽  
Simon Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.

Helmets Matter: Kentucky All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes Seen at a Tennessee Trauma Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
George M. Testerman ◽  
Daniel C. Prior ◽  
Tamie D. Wells ◽  
Sarah E. Rollins ◽  
Stephen L. Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Helmet Laws

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) safety laws, including helmet use, vary by state and are sporadically enforced. Kentucky state laws require safety helmets only for younger riders. We hypothesized that ATV riders injured in Kentucky and seen at a Tennessee trauma center would more likely be unhelmeted, have more severe head injuries, and have higher mortality rates than those injured in Virginia or Tennessee. A Trauma Registry review of 750 injured ATV riders from June 1, 2005, through June 1, 2015 examined state location of accident, helmet use, markers of injury severity, and outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined predictors of severe head injuries and death with P < 0.05 significant. Unhelmeted ATV rider status predicted more severe head injuries (relative risk 23.5, P < 0.001) and death (relative risk 4.6, P < 0.001). ATV riders injured in the state of Kentucky were twice as numerous. In addition, they were more likely than ATVriders injured in Tennessee or Virginia to be unhelmeted, to have severe head injuries, and to sustain fatal injuries (all P < 0.001). This single trauma center study lends support for maintaining and enforcing current universal helmet laws for ATVriders of all ages in states where they are in effect and highlights the need to upgrade helmet laws that apply only to some riders.

scholarly journals Straight Line Scoring by Clinical Competency Committees Using Emergency Medicine Milestones

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Beeson ◽  
Stanley J. Hamstra ◽  
Melissa A. Barton ◽  
Kenji Yamazaki ◽  
Francis L. Counselman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Nominal Variables

ABSTRACT Background  In 2013, milestone ratings became a reporting requirement for emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. Programs rate each resident in the fall and spring on 23 milestone subcompetencies. Objective  This study examined the incidence of straight line scoring (SLS) for EM Milestone ratings, defined as a resident being assessed the same score across the milestone subcompetencies. Methods  This descriptive analysis measured the frequencies of SLS for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited EM programs during the 2015–2016 academic year. Outcomes were the frequency of SLS in the fall and spring milestone assessments, changes in the number of SLS reports, and reporting trends. Chi-square analysis compared nominal variables. Results  There were 6257 residents in the fall and 6588 in the spring. Milestone scores were reported for 6173 EM residents in the fall (99% of 6257) and spring (94% of 6588). In the fall, 93% (5753 residents) did not receive SLS ratings and 420 (7%) did, with no significant difference compared with the spring (5776 [94%] versus 397 [6%]). Subgroup analysis showed higher SLS results for residents' first ratings (183 of 2136 versus 237 of 4220, P &lt; .0001) and for their final ratings (200 of 2019 versus 197 of 4354, P &lt; .0001). Twenty percent of programs submitted 10% or more SLS ratings, and a small percentage submitted more than 50% of ratings as SLS. Conclusions  Most programs did not submit SLS ratings. Because of the statistical improbability of SLS, any SLS ratings reduce the validity assertions of the milestone assessments.

scholarly journals Borderline Dysplasia with Acetabular Retroversion: Key Findings from a Large Hip Arthroscopy Study Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0043
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kivlan ◽  
Shane Nho ◽  
Andrew Wolff ◽  
John Salvo ◽  
John Christoforetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Acetabular Retroversion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Crossover Sign ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control

Objectives: The radiographic crossover sign (COS) is an indicator of acetabular retroversion, classically representing anterosuperior overcoverage often treated with acetabuloplasty which could exacerbate acetabular hypovolemia in dysplasia. No prior study has investigated the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in patients with dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopy, acetabuloplasty rates, and outcomes in this setting. Study objectives are to report the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in dysplasia, the influence of the COS on arthroscopic acetabuloplasty rates, and relative outcomes compared with control groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed from a prospectively collected multi-center database. Patients undergoing isolated hip arthroscopic surgery were assigned to dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) ≤ 25°) or one of two control groups: normal(LCEA 26-38°), or pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)(LCEA ≥ 39°). The prevalence of COS and acetabuloplasty rates between and within study and control groups were compared (Chi square analysis). Minimum 2 year outcomes utilizing iHOT-12 were compared (analysis of variance). Results: Of 401 study patients, 64 (16%) comprised the dysplasia group, 273 (68%) normal group, and 64 (16%) pincer group. Mean LCEAs were 22.3°, 31.5°, and 42.4°, respectively (p<0.001). COS prevalence was similar between groups at 31%, 26%, and 33%, respectively (p=0.873). Acetabuloplasty rates were dependent on the amount of acetabular coverage with lowered rate in the dysplasia group(40%) and increasing rates in the normal(52%) and the pincer(90%) groups (p=0.013). Post-operative iHOT-12 scores improved in all groups (68, 74, and 77, respectively, p=0.222). Patients with a COS plus rendered acetabuloplasty reported similar scores that improved to 77, 74, and 79, respectively,(p=0.949). Patients with dysplasia with COS averaged 73.1(SD 23.3) iHOT-12 score compared to 67.1(SD: 28.7) for the patients with dysplasia without COS (p=0.466). Within the dysplasia with COS subgroup, there was no significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between the group with acetabuloplasty (77.0;SD:17.1) and without acetabuloplasty (70.4;SD:27.4,p=0.580). Conclusion: Acetabular retroversion occurs with similar prevalence in borderline dysplasia compared with non-dysplastic hips undergoing hip arthroscopy but with lower acetabuloplasty rates not influenced by the COS. Arthroscopic outcomes of dysplasia with retroversion are similarly successful and comparable with those of dysplasia and non-dysplastic hips. Although infrequently performed, acetabuloplasty did not compromise outcomes in dysplasia with retroversion.

scholarly journals Associations of Trauma Severity with Mean Platelet Volume and Levels of Systemic Inflammatory Markers (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, and CRP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Alper ◽  
Baris Erdogan ◽  
Mehmet Özgür Erdogan ◽  
Korkut Bozan ◽  
Murat Can
Keyword(s):  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Trauma Severity ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the associations of injury severity scores (ISSs) with the mean platelet volume, the serum levels of two interleukins (IL1βand IL6), and the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNFα) and C-reactive protein (CRP). We sought to identify biochemical parameters that could be used as components of a new biochemical parameter-based ISS system. The levels of CRP, TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 differed significantly (allpvalues < 0.05) between severely injured patients and controls. The mean platelet volume (MPV) did not correlate with the ISSs (p> 0.05). The TNFαand IL6 levels were useful for determining the severity of injury, and the CRP level was elevated in all trauma patients but did not correlate with the ISS. The IL1βlevel was higher in the study group but did not increase as the ISS increased. IL6 and TNFαlevels were higher in the study group and increased as the ISS increased. We found no significant difference between the trauma group and healthy individuals in terms of MPV values. IL6 and TNFαlevels can be used to assess trauma severity. However, neither the MPV nor the CRP or IL1βlevel is useful for this purpose.

National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 62-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sturm ◽  
Whitney Zahnd ◽  
John D. Mellinger ◽  
Sabha Ganai
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

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