scholarly journals The Expert Group’s Report on Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Other Emerging Digital Technologies: a critical assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Andrea BERTOLINI ◽  
Francesca EPISCOPO
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Compulsory Insurance

This article offers a critical discussion of the “Report on Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Other Emerging Digital Technologies” released by the Expert Group on Liability and New Technologies. In particular, the authors consider: the excessive diversity of applications encompassed through the notion of “artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies”; the distinction between high- and low-risk applications as a potential source of legal uncertainty; the primary reliance on evidentiary rules over substantive ones; the problematic role attributed to safety rules; the unclear relationship between the Product Liability Directive and other ad hoc liability regimes; the radical exclusion of electronic personhood as a way of addressing liability issues; and the limited contextualisation of compulsory insurance and no-compensation funds.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies in State and Municipal Procurement: The Future or Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
M. V. Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Future

The paper is devoted to the issues of digitalization in state and municipal procurement. Every year the field of state and municipal procurement is becoming more and more processible, new technologies and solutions are being introduced, procurement processes are becoming more and more automated. Rapid changes in the field under consideration force participants of procurement to intensively master such technologies as chat bots, artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. As a result of the research, the author has come to the conclusion that the existing regulation of state and municipal procurement is already sufficient for smart contracts to be successfully integrated into the Russian legal system.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence as a legal entity and its civil responsibility within Europe | La inteligencia artificial como ente jurídico y su responsabilidad civil en el seno de Europa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Lloret Egea
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Civil Responsibility ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Group Report ◽  
The Eu

Civil, and also criminal, responsibility in artificial intelligence involves complex technical and legislative aspects; and it is a fertilizer for future discussions and problems within the framework of the EU and worldwide. The ex ante discussion is necessary for European citizenship and the estates involved in the present and future. The sensitivity and solidarity (and also the rights and obligations) of our society must be activated now, and warn of its lack of confidence and lethargy; a society that is saturated with information that causes us serious absences in the latent forums of the European debate. In order to contribute to the analysis of the need to define Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an entity with legal personality, or legal entity, and the subsequent responsibility that would lead to such a decision, we extract and analyze elements that we consider important in the Group Report of Experts in Responsibility and New Technologies - Training of New Technologies. 2019 ... And we find it very relevant especially one of the 'findings' of the report, called Liability for Artificial Intelligence and other emerging digital technologies: “It is not necessary to give autonomous devices or systems a legal personality, since the damage they can cause It can and should be attributable to existing people or organizations”.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies in the Process of Virtualization of Consumer Behaviour – Awareness of New Technologies

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Kaczorowska-Spychalska
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Production Logistics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Summary Digital resolution is currently one of the most important forces determining changes and their dynamics in the social, cultural and economic dimension. Digital technologies such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence will, according to Gartner’s Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies 2017, play an increasingly important role while creating a new quality of the market space. Yet, these are multidimensional issues whose potential should be considered both, from the perspective of enterprises that create and/or adapt such technologies in their production, logistics or sale processes as well as in consumer perspective taking into account a degree of awareness, interest and fascination of potential buyers, users with such devices and solutions. This is determined by dualism of approach to digital technologies (economic approach vs. humanistic approach) and evaluation of their potential benefits and threats. It seems, however, that virtualization of consumer behaviour as a consequence of impact of technologies such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, can at the same time be a significant driving force of further processes of digitalization, its dimensions and dynamics. The article attempts to identify the impact of digital technologies (IoT and AI) on attitudes, preferences and decisions of consumers and presented discussion was based on the results of own studies in the analysed area.

scholarly journals Challenges of the forensic science facing new technologies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Delia Magherescu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Criminal Matters

In the era of new technologies, used in the field of criminal justice, the forensic science has passed real challenges facing those means of gathering and administering scientific evidence in criminal proceedings. Artificial intelligence and how it meets the judiciary is a well-known question for the hightech in the field. The current paper aims at analyzing and discussing the features the judicial activity in criminal matters is characterized with during the criminal proceedings. The most important elements of new technologies come to state the consequences that they produce in criminal cases investigated by means of forensic evidence including new digital technologies. In order to achieve the proposed goal of the current paper, certain main purposes have been highlighted, which consist particularly in the procedure of using methods of forensic science for the investigation of crimes, as well as elements of new means of technologies including artificial intelligence. The proposed topic is carried out through qualitative research methods conducted on approaching challenges of the forensic science facing new technologies, combined with in-depth elements of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БИЗНЕСОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
А. Рамазанова ◽  
Д. Максубова
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article discusses the features of the management of production processes in enterprises in the context of the development of the digital economy. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential consequences of the implementation of production digitalization technologies. At the present stage, the issues of digitalization of economic processes and the penetration of information technology in all areas of activity are very relevant.  The relevance of issues related to the specifics of enterprise management in the context of digitalization. What are the Features of enterprise management in the context of digitalization. Development of an effective approach to managing business processes and new technologies in the enterprise. The development of digital technologies, the emergence and expansion of the range of communication tools in business, the expansion of areas of application of artificial intelligence, the rapid and widespread change of generations in business, which have their own characteristics in relation to the forms of work, various abilities to master and use modern technologies and knowledge.

scholarly journals Relevant issues of legal regulation of the digital revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Ryzhkova ◽  
Evgeniya Konstantinovna Ryzhkova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Law

The advancement of information technologies, change of expectations and consumer habits, as well as transformation of the social, economic, and political situation in the world entailed infiltration of digital technologies into all spheres of social life. Due to the need for the development of adequate legal regulation of relations arising in the digital sphere, determination of the limits and capabilities of artificial intelligence used for solution of versatile issues, the author highlights the priority direction for the development of law and its theoretical framework and practical aspects in the technologically advanced countries of the world. The progress of information technologies contributed to the development of law, having established its new institution of digital law. However, the essence of digital law is currently being reduced to regulating the new digital form of previous relations. The revolutionary achievement of digital law became the institution of artificial intelligence. The novelty of this research is lies in the statement that the achievements of digital technologies and transformations caused by them have received the name of the “third industrial revolution”, and usually, the revolutionary achievements find their legislative consolidation. Development and implementation of new technologies require their thorough regulation, namely with regards to formulation of concepts, criteria, and the subject matter. The development of the Institution of artificial intelligence actualizes the question of the parties to digital relations. Thus, the issues united by the concept of “digital law” do not fully reflect its essence and do not foresee the upcoming changes.

scholarly journals Advances in Technology and Remote Cardiac Monitoring: Living the future of cardiovascular technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Omar ◽  
Omar Lattouf
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Perioperative Mortality ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
User Friendly

Hospital administrations and providers are more than ever in need for new technologies and innovative methods with clinical benefit at lower costs. Surgeons and clinicians depend on conventional risk stratification scores developed to allow physicians to establish the risk of perioperative mortality. However, the current practiced models of preventive cardiology largely depend on patient motivation and awareness to be able to apply such risk scores appropriately. It was not until the appearance of miniaturized pocket-sized, user-friendly digital technologies that the awareness started to grow, highlighting the importance of role of technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in modern day medicine.

Artificial Intelligence as a Technological Innovation to Accelerate Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
S. V. Shchurina ◽  
A. S. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the introduction of artificial intelligence as a technological innovation into the Russian economic development. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that the Russian market of artificial intelligence is still in the infancy and the necessity to bridge the current technological gap between Russia and the leading economies of the world is coming to the forefront. The financial sector, the manufacturing industry and the retail trade are the drivers of the artificial intelligence development. However, company managers in Russia are not prepared for the practical application of expensive artificial intelligence technologies. Under these circumstances, the challenge is to develop measures to support high-tech projects of small and medium-sized businesses, given that the technological innovation considered can accelerate the development of the Russian economy in the energy sector fully or partially controlled by the government as well as in the military-industrial complex and the judicial system.The purposes of the research were to examine the current state of technological innovations in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries and Russia and develop proposals for improving the AI application in the Russian practices.The paper concludes that the artificial intelligence is a breakthrough technology with a great application potential. Active promotion of the artificial intelligence in companies significantly increases their efficiency, competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates introduction of new technologies, improves product quality and scales up manufacturing. In general, the artificial intelligence gives a new impetus to the development of Russia and facilitates its entry into the five largest world’s economies.

A fully automated conversational agent with artificial intelligence capabilities (Youper) for treating depression and anxiety: A nonrandomized feasibility trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Hamilton Vargas ◽  
Thiago Antonio Marafon ◽  
Diego Fernando Couto ◽  
Ricardo Giglio ◽  
Marvin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Viable Solution

BACKGROUND Mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders, are significant global concerns. Many people with these conditions don't get the help they need because of the high costs of medical treatment and the stigma attached to seeking help. Digital technologies represent a viable solution to these challenges. However, these technologies are often characterized by relatively low adherence and their effectiveness largely remains empirical unverified. While digital technologies may represent a viable solution for this persisting problem, they often lack empirical support for their effectiveness and are characterized by relatively low adherence. Conversational agents using artificial intelligence capabilities have the potential to offer a cost-effective, low-stigma and engaging way of getting mental health care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Youper, a mobile application that utilizes a conversational interface and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. METHODS 1,012 adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety participated in a real-world setting study, entirely remotely, unguided and with no financial incentives, over an 8-week period. Participants completed digital versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS After the eight-week study period, depression (PHQ-9) scores of participants decreased by 48% while anxiety (GAD-7) scores decreased by 43%. The RCI was outside 2 standard deviations for 93.0% of the individuals in the PHQ-9 assessment and 90.7% in the GAD-7 assessment. Participants were on average 24.79 years old (SD 7.61) and 77% female. On average, participants interacted with Youper 0.9 (SD 1.56) times per week. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that Youper is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention for adults with depression and anxiety. CLINICALTRIAL Since this study involved a nonclinical population, it wasn't registered in a public trials registry.

The Future of Human Workers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

New technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, machine intelligence, and the Internet of Things are seeing repetitive tasks move away from humans to machines. Humans cannot become machines, but machines can become more human-like. The traditional model of educating workers for the workforce is fast becoming irrelevant. There is a massive need for the retooling of human workers. Humans need to be trained to remain focused in a society which is constantly getting bombarded with information. The two basic elements of physical and mental capacity are slowly being taken over by machines and artificial intelligence. This changes the fundamental role of the global workforce.

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