scholarly journals Readiness for Change: Case Studies of Young People with Challenging and Risky Behaviours

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemaree Carroll ◽  
Adrian Ashman ◽  
Julie Bower ◽  
Francene Hemingway
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Young People ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Readiness ◽  
The Individual

Readiness for change (or treatment readiness) is a core concept of many rehabilitation programs for adult and juvenile offenders. The present study examined the experiences of six young people aged 13 to 17 years who participated in Mindfields®, a 6-week self-regulatory intervention aimed at enhancing life skills and goal setting among youths who present with challenging and/or risky behaviour. This article investigates the extent to which: readiness for change influences individual responses to the Mindfields® program; external factors influence the achievement and maintenance of program success; and goal achievement leads to perceptions of self-efficacy and personal control over one's behaviour. Prior to, and on completion of the intervention, participants completed the Mindfields® Assessment Battery that measures goal commitment, social competence, self-regulation, life satisfaction, delinquent involvement, and readiness for change. Findings show the importance of participants’ motivation to make life-changing decisions, but this motivation and promising goals can be compromised by factors external to the individual. Our findings prompt future research into ways in which young people can maintain their motivation and readiness for change, and draw encouragement from less successful outcomes than might have been expected.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

Job Loss and Job Search: A Social-Cognitive and Self-Regulation Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kanfer ◽  
Gina M. Bufton
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

This chapter reviews social-cognitive and self-regulatory perspectives on involuntary job loss and subsequent job search. We begin by organizing different social-cognitive and self-regulatory perspectives along the temporal continuum of job loss and job search, and discuss the experience of job loss and its impact on the individual during subsequent job search. Using a motivational/self-regulatory frame, we then review findings related to goal generation and goal striving and outline important considerations for research design, including temporal, social, and measurement issues. Finally, we highlight the successes that have been made in the field thus far, and provide suggestions for promising future research avenues.

The role of organizational structure in readiness for change: A conceptual integration

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin K Benzer ◽  
Martin P Charns ◽  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Melissa Afable
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implementation Quality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this review is to extend extant conceptualizations of readiness for change as an individual-level phenomenon. This review-of-reviews focuses on existing conceptual frameworks from the dissemination, implementation, quality improvement, and organizational transformation literatures in order to integrate theoretical rationales for how organization structure, a key dimension of the organizational context, may impact readiness for change. We propose that the organization structure dimensions of differentiation and integration impact readiness for change at the individual level of analysis by influencing four key concepts of relevance, legitimacy, perceived need for change, and resource allocation. We identify future research directions that focus on these four key concepts.

scholarly journals Integration of Expressive Techniques in Multisystemic Therapy With At-Risk Adolescents: A Retrospective Case Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Deaton ◽  
Jonathan Ohrt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Individual

The multisystemic therapy (MST) treatment model is derived from social ecological theory, through which known risk and protective factors of ecological systems are identified by indirect and direct contribution to at-risk behaviors. However, youth with emotional disturbances postdischarge from residential treatment facilities are often referred to MST due to managed care organizations extending beyond the once identified population of juvenile offenders. Consequently, MST works within the ecological system at which an integration of MST and expressive techniques (ETs) can occur in order to simultaneously work within the individual system. In this article, we discuss the foundation of MST and present a retrospective case analysis of the integration of MST and ETs. We discuss limitations and future research considerations.

Motivational Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-372
Author(s):  
Johnmarshall Reeve ◽  
Woogul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
The Individual

The goal of the present chapter is to show the relevance of neuroscience research to human motivation researchers. The first part of the chapter discusses the current status of the possible integration of motivational psychology and neuroscience into the new emerging field of motivational neuroscience. The second part identifies 15 brain structures and 5 neural pathways that underlie most of the neural basis of human motivational states. The third part examines how recent findings in neuroscience have advanced the understanding of 14 widely studied motivational concepts, including those automatically activated by environmental stimuli (hunger, thirst), those learned from the rewarding properties of environmental stimuli (incentives, rewards, expectancy, value), and those proactively generated by the individual (agency, volition, self-regulation, goals, curiosity, intrinsic motivation, psychological needs, and autonomous self-regulation). The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Psychosocial risk factors in young offenders

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
MP Molinedo-Quílez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interpersonal Level

Introduction: Juvenile delinquency is a multi-causal social phenomenon, in which socio-cultural and economic, family and individual factors are interrelated. In young people with a greater number of associated risk factors, the measures seem to be insufficient, both in open and closed environments, since the rate of recidivism is higher. Objective: Identify the psychosocial risk factors that exist at intra and interpersonal level in juvenile offenders, as well as determine if these factors are interrelated. Material and method: A literature review of articles found in different databases was carried out. The articles containing the key words selected at the beginning of the study were reviewed, and of all of them, those that met the established inclusion requirements, which are date of publication and language, were included. Results: The results of all the studies analyzed confirm the idea that a greater number of psychosocial risk factors occur in young offenders than in normalized young people. There are factors related to a family that has inadequate socialization styles, even negligent ones, accentuated by very substandard economic situations that are usually present. Along with this, the consumption of substances is a variable that is repeated continuously in these young people; united to a group of deviant pairs, that favor the appearance of criminal behaviours. Conclusion: It is possible to identify the main psychosocial risk factors that occur in young offenders, and define an interrelation between these factors, but it is not linear nor can it be homogenized. More resources and prevention programs, as well as intervention, are needed at the individual, family and community levels.

scholarly journals Constructing childhood for children : an analysis of 1970s award-winning children's literature from the Children's Model Collection at Auckland City Libraries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sanya Karen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Young People ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Constructions Of Childhood ◽  
The Individual

<p>Childhood is not simply a personal experience of an individual human in their early years of life. It is also a social construct which governs the way a society treats its youngest members – if they are considered to be members yet at all.  Children’s literature is an acknowledged source of information about the ideologies adults have both intentionally and unintentionally offered children to help them understand the world and their place in it.  This research involved both content analysis and discourse analysis of award-winning children’s books from the 1970s, which form part of the Children’s Model Collection held at Auckland City Libraries. These books, considered by local librarians to be ‘model literature’ for New Zealand children to read, were used as a window onto the constructions of childhood in this society at that time.   Traditional children’s literature in English supported particular relations of domination through certain ‘institutions’ of childhood – family, friendship, gender, race and religion. The 1970s books also imparted ideologies through these institutions along with themes of land, coming of age and war; all interacting under a humanistic umbrella. Through their treatment of these themes or ‘institutions’, texts in this sample often deliberately challenged traditional relations of domination – with varied levels of success. Children were constructed as leaders in waiting, the hope for the future; a future where tolerance and respect would overcome prejudice, thinking for one’s self would replace conformity and the individual could be the best they could be. However, underlying linguistic mechanisms and ideologies transformed many of these texts into conservators of the very relationships they were intending to change.  The methods of analysis used in this project were successful in locating the ideologies in books created for young people and revealing the degree to which these are agents of their time. These methods then are both eminently suitable for future research and would be a valuable addition to the multi-literacies with which we equip young people</p>

scholarly journals The Problem of Personality Development in Juvenile Offenders: A Cultural-Historical Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
O.G. Kravtsov
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Individual

Quite a number of scientific works focus on psychological differences between juvenile offenders and their ordinary peers. These differences usually come down to the fact that deviant and delinquent adolescents have less developed cognitive abilities, creativity and self-regulation. However, these ideas do not reflect the essence of the psychological problem of deviant behavior. A completely different understanding of the problem can be obtained if we consider the problem in the context of the cultural-historical approach of L.S. Vygotsky. In the framework of this approach, the development of the mind occurs due to the increase in self-regulation, the ability of a person to control his own mental processes. Here the question of whether human behavior is determined by external situational factors or by internal volitional efforts comes to the fore. We argue that this issue cannot be resolved mechanically as it is sometimes done. It is the individual himself who determines his/her attitude and semantic content of the surrounding social reality, and not vice versa. The results of out studies show that the psychological basis of deviant behavior is the weak development of personality in the cultural-historical sense. In other words, it is the weak subject of activity that lies at the core of deviance.

scholarly journals Flow experience, attentional control, and emotion regulation: contributions for a positive development in adolescents

Psicologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dioní­sia Tavares ◽  
Teresa Freire
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that optimal experiences lead to positive development outcomes. Adolescence is a critical period for the engagement in daily optimal experiences, namely, flow experience, since it is a period of experimentation and definition of interests. Adolescents are more willing to attend new challenges and develop new skills, finding more opportunities within contexts to develop engaged and happy lives. In this article, we review the major findings of the impact of flow experience in adolescents’ lives and positive development, and the individual and contextual factors associated with this psychological state of consciousness. We specifically relate attentional control and emotion regulation concepts to flow experience. We discuss the possible link between flow and these self-regulation abilities and its potential for positive adolescent development. Finally, we make some conclusions and suggest new lines for future research concerning predictors of flow experience within a social and ecological framework.

scholarly journals Constructing childhood for children : an analysis of 1970s award-winning children's literature from the Children's Model Collection at Auckland City Libraries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sanya Karen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Young People ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Constructions Of Childhood ◽  
The Individual

<p>Childhood is not simply a personal experience of an individual human in their early years of life. It is also a social construct which governs the way a society treats its youngest members – if they are considered to be members yet at all.  Children’s literature is an acknowledged source of information about the ideologies adults have both intentionally and unintentionally offered children to help them understand the world and their place in it.  This research involved both content analysis and discourse analysis of award-winning children’s books from the 1970s, which form part of the Children’s Model Collection held at Auckland City Libraries. These books, considered by local librarians to be ‘model literature’ for New Zealand children to read, were used as a window onto the constructions of childhood in this society at that time.   Traditional children’s literature in English supported particular relations of domination through certain ‘institutions’ of childhood – family, friendship, gender, race and religion. The 1970s books also imparted ideologies through these institutions along with themes of land, coming of age and war; all interacting under a humanistic umbrella. Through their treatment of these themes or ‘institutions’, texts in this sample often deliberately challenged traditional relations of domination – with varied levels of success. Children were constructed as leaders in waiting, the hope for the future; a future where tolerance and respect would overcome prejudice, thinking for one’s self would replace conformity and the individual could be the best they could be. However, underlying linguistic mechanisms and ideologies transformed many of these texts into conservators of the very relationships they were intending to change.  The methods of analysis used in this project were successful in locating the ideologies in books created for young people and revealing the degree to which these are agents of their time. These methods then are both eminently suitable for future research and would be a valuable addition to the multi-literacies with which we equip young people</p>

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