scholarly journals Faster growth rate in ad libitum-fed cats: a risk factor predicting the likelihood of becoming overweight during adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Serisier ◽  
Alexandre Feugier ◽  
Claudie Venet ◽  
Vincent Biourge ◽  
Alexander J. German
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Mixed Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractIn human subjects, the risk of becoming overweight (OW) in adulthood is largely determined early in childhood. However, early-life factors have not been considered for feline obesity. A total of eighty colony cats, fed ad libitum, were studied; various breeds, ages and sex were included, with thirty-six (45 %) being OW and forty-four (55 %) being of ideal weight (IW). The effects of various factors (including age, sex, neuter status, breed (pure v. mixed), mean daily food intake (FI), housing status (indoor with outdoor access v. exclusively indoor) and body weight at 1 year of age (BW1y)) on weight status were assessed. Initial statistical analyses identified BW1y as the main significant variable. Body weight (BW) and FI were then assessed between 1 and 8·5 years of age, with group differences (OW v. IW) noted for BW, which increased significantly with age only in the OW group (P < 0·001). However, no difference in BW (P = 0·17) was noted when BW1y was included as a covariate in the model. FI did not change with age in either group. Finally, given the importance of BW1y, changes in BW from 3 to 12 months were then assessed with BW at 3 months of age included as a covariate. Whereas at 3 months of age, no group difference in BW was observed, a faster rate of weight gain was seen in OW cats. In conclusion, as in human subjects, the rate of growth is a key risk factor for cats becoming OW, although the factors responsible are currently not known.

Changes in the food intake and body weight of protein-malnourished rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters ◽  
Susan Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe daily food intake and related changes in body weight were measured in young rats which were fed on synthetic diets containing 1% (3 experiments), 2% (4 experiments) and 20% (1 experiment) casein respectively. Some rats were infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and allowed to feed ad libitum, some remained uninfected and were allowed to feed ad libitum while others, which were matched by initial weight with rats from the infected group, remained uninfected and were given only the same amount of food as that consumed during the previous 24 h by their infected partners. No significant differences were detected between the rats before the start of the infection. Thereafter, the food intake of the infected undernourished rats was usually found to be significantly lower and the loss of body weight significantly greater than those of the uninfected rats. In infection periods of relatively long duration, the pair-fed uninfected rats did not lose as much weight as their infected partners even though their food intake (1% and 2% casein) was the same. Although the food intake, and consequently the weight, of infected rats fed on the diet containing 20% casein were significantly less than in their uninfected partners, no significant differences were observed between the weights of the infected and pair-fed rats fed on this diet.

Inter-age correlations of body weight, weight gain and food intake within and between breeds of cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Daily Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Range

ABSTRACTIn a multibreed experiment, 292 heifers from 25 British cattle breeds were fed a standard pelleted diet ad libitum from 12 to 72 weeks of age. Inter-age correlations involving body weight, weight gain, average daily food intake and cumulated food intake were measured across traits at the same age and within and across traits at ages separated by an interval of 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. Within-breed correlations were phenotypic but between-breed correlations were genetic.The between-breed inter-age correlations involving body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake were all very high (range 104 to 0·94) and declined only gradually as the intervening age interval increased from 12 to 48 weeks. Inter-age correlations involving weight gain were lower but usually above 0·7. The within-breed correlations by contrast were invariably lower and declined much more rapidly as the age interval increased. Although the between-breed and within-breed correlations differed in magnitude there was a similarity in their overall pattern.For breed samples, body weight at young ages provided very accurate rankings at later ages for body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake. Body weight was almost as reliable as food intake itself for predicting cumulated intake.For individuals within breeds predicted rankings at later ages were not very accurate for body weight or cumulated intake and they became worse as the age interval increased. Neither weight gain nor average daily intake could be predicted with any reliability.Inter-age correlations while dependant on age interval did not depend on age itself in the case of body weight and cumulated intake, although they were age-dependant for weight gain and to a lesser extent for average daily intake. Reciprocal correlations between body weight and cumulated intake were very symmetrical whereas those involving weight gain and daily intake were asymmetrical.

Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Vilela ◽  
Andreia Oliveira ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Carla Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Eating Occasions

The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight. Considering all daily eating occasions, a higher proportion of energy and macronutrient intake at the main meals and a lower proportion during the afternoon and evening seems to be more beneficial for children’s weight. These results emphasize the important role of daily food intake rhythm on excessive weight gain in childhood.

Growth in sheep. II. Efficiency of energy and nitrogen utilization from birth to 2 years

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Milk Feeding

SUMMARYThirty sheep were pen-fed from age 2 days to nearly 2 years. Fifteen were fed ad libitum and the others were restricted to half that rate, age for age; daily food intakes were recorded. Sequential estimates of body composition were made on each sheep so that protein and energy gains could be obtained for specified age ranges.In the sheep fed ad libitum, food intake increased several fold in the first few months of life but was relatively constant from 4 months despite large increases in body weight. Thus intake per kg¾ declined progressively as the sheep grew.The data for the well fed and restricted groups were combined within each age range and linear regression was used to relate body growth (protein and energy) to food intake, variates being expressed as multiples of body weight (kg¾). Energy gain was zero when intake was 250–590 kJ metabolizable energy/day kg¾, depending on age. Wool growth per unit food intake was constant for each sheep throughout the experiment but was twice as great in some sheep as in others and was higher in the restricted group.Efficiency of energy and protein utilization declined at weaning but otherwise did not vary much with stage of growth. Approximately 40% of energy storage was in protein during milk feeding; after weaning, the fraction declined from 25 to 10% (30 to 20% including wool protein) as the sheep grew.

scholarly journals Nurses’ misperceptions of weight status associated with their body weight, demographics and health status

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daqiau Zhu ◽  
Ian J Norman ◽  
Alison E While
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Family Histories

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the agreement between self-perceived weight status and BMI status, calculated from self-reported height and weight, in nurses and to evaluate the relationship between weight status misperceptions and personal body weight, demographics and health status.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire survey.SettingA large university in London, UK.SubjectsFour hundred and fifty-six student nurses and 588 qualified nurses attending university were surveyed; 355 student nurses and 409 qualified nurses completed questionnaires representing a response rate of 78 % and 70 %, respectively.ResultsThe respondents were mainly female (90·0 %), 66·5 % were white and their mean age was 31 years. Sixty-eight per cent of qualified nurses and 77 % of student nurses correctly perceived their weight status. In logistic regression, (mixed) black ethnicity (OR = 2·53, 95 % CI 1·01, 6·32), overweight by BMI (OR = 3·10, 95 % CI 1·31, 7·33) and ≥3 family histories of obesity co-morbidities (OR = 2·51, 95 % CI 1·04, 6·08) were significantly associated with misperceptions in the sample of student nurses, whereas overweight by BMI (OR = 5·32, 95 % CI 2·66, 10·67) was the only significant variable in the sample of qualified nurses.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of nurses misclassified their weight status. Nurses’ misperception of weight status was related to their own BMI status, ethnic background and obesity-related family histories. Being aware of this may help nurses not only promote their own healthy weight, but also fulfil their public health role to practise weight management successfully with both patients and the public. While limitations of the sample mean that the study findings cannot be generalized, they do provide grounds for future larger-scale research.

scholarly journals Past Obesity as well as Present Body Weight Status Is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Meguro ◽  
Yusuke Kabeya ◽  
Karin Tanaka ◽  
Toshihide Kawai ◽  
Masuomi Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Weight Status

Aims. We analyzed the prevalence of nephropathy according to past body weight status in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes because the influence of past obesity on diabetic complications is not certain.Methods. We examined the prevalence of nephropathy in 2927 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to current BMI and maximum BMI in the past. We defined “current obesity” as BMI on hospitalization of 25 or more, “previous obesity” as BMI on hospitalization of less than 25 and self-reported maximum BMI in the past of 25 or more, and “continuously lean” as maximum BMI of less than 25.Results. The prevalence of nephropathy was significantly higher in subjects with current obesity (40.6%) or previous obesity (35.6%) than in those who were continuously lean (24.3%) (P<0.017). In logistic regression analysis, previous obesity, as well as current obesity, was a significant risk factor for nephropathy, independent of sex, age, disease duration, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, and diabetic retinopathy.Conclusions. Obesity in the past, as well as the present body weight status, was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in the Loss of Body Weight Caused by a Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Weigle ◽  
David E. Cummings ◽  
Patricia D. Newby ◽  
Patricia A. Breen ◽  
R. Scott Frayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Dietary Energy Restriction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Loss of body fat by caloric restriction is accompanied by decreased circulating leptin levels, increased ghrelin levels, and increased appetite. In contrast, dietary fat restriction often decreases adiposity without increasing appetite. Substitution of dietary carbohydrate for fat has been shown to increase the area under the plasma leptin vs. time curve (AUC) over the course of 24 h. This effect, if sustained, could explain the absence of a compensatory increase in appetite on a low fat diet. To clarify the effect of dietary fat restriction on leptin and ghrelin, we measured AUC for these hormones in human subjects after each of the following sequential diets: 2 wk on a weight-maintaining 35% fat (F), 45% carbohydrate (C), 20% protein (P) diet (n = 18); 2 wk on an isocaloric 15% F, 65% C, 20% P diet (n = 18); and 12 wk on an ad libitum 15% F, 65% C, 20% P diet (n = 16). AUC for leptin was similar on the isocaloric 15% F and 35% F diets (555 ± 57 vs. 580 ± 56 ng/ml·24 h; P = NS). Body weight decreased from 74.6 ± 2.4 to 70.8 ± 2.7 kg on the ad libitum 15% F diet (P &lt; 0.001) without compensatory increases in food consumption or AUC for ghrelin. Proportional amplitude of the 24-h leptin profile was increased after 12 wk on the 15% fat diet. We conclude that weight loss early in the course of dietary fat restriction occurs independently of increased plasma leptin levels, but that a later increase in amplitude of the 24-h leptin signal may contribute to ongoing weight loss. Fat restriction avoids the increase in ghrelin levels caused by dietary energy restriction.

scholarly journals PROP taster status interacts with the built environment to influence children's food acceptance and body weight status

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlye Burd ◽  
Araliya Senerat ◽  
Earle Chambers ◽  
Kathleen L. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Acceptance ◽  
Body Weight Status

scholarly journals Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 154703
Author(s):  
Léa Pietri ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Audrey Bégu ◽  
Manon Lojou ◽  
Marie Koubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Excess Body Weight

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document