scholarly journals Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin content of eggs laid by hens supplemented with free and esterified xanthophylls

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nolan ◽  
Katherine A. Meagher ◽  
Alan N. Howard ◽  
Rachel Moran ◽  
David I. Thurnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mixture Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe xanthophyll carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) are found at the macula, the central part of the retina, where they are referred to as macular pigment (MP). MP is studied in human subjects because of its proven role in enhancing visual function and its putative role in protecting against age-related macular degeneration. These benefits are probably due to the antioxidant and short-wavelength filtering properties of MP. It is known that eggs are a dietary source of L and Z. This experiment was designed to measure the egg yolk carotenoid response to hen supplementation with L, Z and MZ. A total of forty hens were used in the trial and were divided into eight groups of five hens. Each group was supplemented (with about 140 mg active xanthophylls/kg feed) with one of the following oil-based carotenoid formulations for 6 weeks: unesterified L (group 1); L diacetate (group 2); unesterified Z (group 3); Z diacetate (group 4); unesterified MZ (group 5); MZ diacetate (group 6); L–MZ (1:1) diacetate mixture (group 7); L–MZ diacetate (1:3) mixture (group 8). Yolk carotenoid content was analysed weekly (in four randomly selected eggs) by HPLC. We found that hens supplemented with Z diacetate and MZ diacetate produced eggs with significantly greater carotenoid concentrations than their free form counterparts. This finding potentially represents the development of a novel food, suitable to increase MP and its constituent carotenoids in serum.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MESHOKO CERAMICS

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
S.M. OSTASHINSKIJ ◽  
◽  
M.A. KULKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carbonate Composition

The article presents the results of petrographic analysis of the ceramics of the Chalcolithic settlement of Meshoko. A total of 42 fragments were examined (see appendix), 10 of which belong to the upper part of the monument's sediments (layers 1 and 2a; Fig. 1), 20 refer to the middle part of the sediments (layer 2b; Fig. 2), 12 – to the lower part (layer 3; Fig. 3). Based on the analysis, 5 groups of ceramics were identified (Fig. 4). Group 1 consists of fragments with an admixture of limestone, group 2 – with an admixture of diorite, group 3 – with an admixture of biogenic carbonates and sand, group 4 – with an admixture of calcite, group 5 – with an admixture of diorite and chamotte. Clays of smectite composition predominate in groups 1 and 2, while clays of smectite-carbonate composition predominate in groups 3 and 4. Comparison of these groups with stratigraphy revealed that most of the ceramics of groups 3 and 4 are confined to the lower layer, and groups 1 and 2 to the middle and upper layer (Table 1). In addition, the ceramics of these layers differ in the nature of the external surface treatment. Significant changes in the technology of making ceramics during the transition from the lower layer to the middle layer allow us to assume corresponding changes in the composition of the population.

scholarly journals Influence of local or systemic corticosteroids on skin wound healing resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ronaldo Alberti ◽  
Leonardo de Souza Vasconcellos ◽  
Andy Petroianu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Suture Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

PURPOSE: To compare the resistance of skin wound healing of mice submitted to local or systemic hydrocortisone administration, in different postoperative periods. METHODS: An incision and suture was performed on the thoracic skin of 130 male mice: Group 1 (n = 10) resistance of the integer skin; Group 2 (n = 30) submitted only to skin incision and suture; Group 3 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of saline fluid; Group 4 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of local hydrocortisone; Group 5 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of systemic hydrocortisone. The resistance of the wound healing and the weight of the animals were studied on the seventh, 14th and 21st postoperative days. Histological examination was also performed. RESULTS: The mice that received corticoid (groups 4 and 5) presented significant decreasing on their weight (p = 0.02). The Groups 3, 4 and 5 showed lower scar resistance than Group 2 on the seventh postoperative day (p < 0.05). On the 14th and 21st days, there was no difference on the skin would healing resistance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of hydrocortisone in mice is responsible for weight decreasing and reduction of the skin wound healing resistance during the first postoperative week.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA DOMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yogi Ramdani, Erwanto, Farida Fathul, dan Liman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding multi nutrient sauce to rations on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep. This research was conducted in May--July 2019 in Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency. Analysis of feed ingredients and feces was carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This research was conducted experimentally using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. Sheep were divided into six groups based on body weight, namely group 1 (11,18--13,18 kg), group 2 (13,97--14,13 kg), group 3 (14,31--14,51 kg), group 4 (14,89--15,91 kg), group 5 (16,35--16,66 kg), and group 6 (17,15--17,77 kg). Each group consisted of 3 sheep. Treatment given were R0: basal ration formulated by farmer (forage silage + cassava byproduct), R1: R0 + 5% multi nutrient sauce, R2: R0 + 10% multi nutrient sauce. The results showed that the addition of 10% multi nutrient sauce was the best treatment that could improve the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep.   Key word : Multi nutrient sauce, Dry matter digestibility, Digestibility of organic matter, Sheep.

scholarly journals Biaxial flexural strength of different types of monolithic zirconia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. Process
Author(s):  
Shereen Ahmed Nossair ◽  
Tarek Salah ◽  
Kamal Khaled Ebeid
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of different types of unshaded and shaded monolithic zirconia. Material and Methods: 120 monolithic zirconia ceramic discs were fabricated. They were divided into twelve groups (n=10), Group 1; Bruxzir unshaded, Group 2; Bruxzir shaded A2, Group 3; Bruxzir anterior white, Group 4; Bruxzir anterior shade A2, Group 5; Prettau unshaded, Group 6; Prettau shaded with A2 coloring liquid, Group 7; Prettau anterior white, Group 8; Prettau anterior shaded with A2 coloring liquid, Group 9; Katana HT white, Group 10; Katana HT shade A2, Group 11; Katana ST white, Group 12; Katana ST shade A2. All discs were milled using a dental milling machine, and had final dimensions after sintering of 15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. BFS was tested using piston on three ball technique. Results:  One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the 12 groups. Tukey post-hoc tests revealed no significant differences between the groups 3, 4, ,7 ,8 11, and 12. However, they all had BFS values that are significantly lower than all other groups. Group 2 showed statistically significant higher BFS values when compared to group 3,4, 7, 8, 11, and 12 while it showed statistically significant lower values when compared to groups 1, 5, 6, 9, and 10. Conclusion: Increase in the yttria content in zirconia led to a decrease in its BFS. Shading of zirconia did not have a significant effect on the final strength of zirconia. KeywordsDental ceramics; Dental esthetics; Flexural strength; Shaded zirconia. 

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