The effects of partial weaning, movement and boar contact on the subsequent reproductive performance of lactating sows

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Henderson ◽  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Sows

ABSTRACTForty multiparous Large White × Landrace sows were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: (1) control (C) — no partial weaning, movement or boar contact, (2) partial weaning (PW) only — sow and litter separated for 12 h/day, (3) PW + boar contact (B) in the sow's pen (1 h/day), (4) PW + sow moved (M) to empty pen (1 h/day), (5) PW + sow moved to occupied boar pen (1 h/day). Treatments were imposed from day 10 post partum until weaning at day 35 (s.e. 1). All sows were generously fed throughout lactation (7 kg/day) and in the post-weaning period (3 kg/day). One sow (treatment 5) exhibited lactational oestrus and was mated on day 33 of lactation, while the remaining sows on treatments 2 to 5 had significantly reduced (P < 0·05) weaning to remating intervals relative to control sows (4·84 v. 6·63 days, respectively). Litter creep food intakes tended to be higher in PW litters than controls (512 v. 376 g/day; P > 0·05), whereas sow live-weight gains during lactation were significantly increased when PW was employed (+0·43 kg/day v. −0·13 kg/day for control sows; P < 0·001). Partial weaning significantly (P < 0·001) reduced litter weaning weights (74·8 v. 87·0 kg for controls). However, there were no significant treatment effects on individual piglet weaning weights, subsequent growth performance of the weaned litters, or the size of litter subsequently produced by the sows.

The effects of level of feeding of sows during pregnancy. I. Reproductive performance

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. M. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Parity Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Twelve sets of 3 litter-sister Large White gilts were mated at first oestrus after reaching 250 lb. live-weight and given daily during 3 successive pregnancies either 6 lb. (A), 3 lb. (B) or 3 lb. for 76 days then 6 lb. until parturition (C) of the same meal mixture. During an 8-week lactation all were given 4 lb. meal plus 0·8 lb. per piglet suckled.2. There was a significant linear increase in numbers born with successive parities (P<0·05) but no significant differences between treatment or sister groups. There was a highly significant difference between treatment groups in mean piglet birth weight (P< 0·001) but no parity effect; mean birth weights were 2·76, 2·40 and 2·58 Ib. for Groups A, B and C respectively. Differences between sister groups in mean piglet birth weight were also significant (P<0·05).3. Post-natal litter performance was poor for all groups, probably because of the presence of E. coli, but there was no evidence of treatment effects other than on 3-week weight of third litters, which was significantly greater in Group C than in A or B (P<0·05). There were no significant effects on either number or weight of piglets at 8 weeks.

The influence of food intake and allyl trenbolone administration during lactation on plasma steroid concentrations and the reproductive performance of multiparous sows

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Costa ◽  
M. A. Varley
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Large White ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
High Level

AbstractAn experiment was made to examine the effects of food intake and an orally active progestagen on plasma steroid concentrations and subsequent reproductive performance of multiparous sows. Thirty-five multiparous Landrace × Large White sows were assigned to one of four treatments immediately after parturition. Treatment H-AT sows were offered a high level of food intake throughout lactation: 3·5 kg of a diet containing 160 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein and 13 MJ digestible energy per kg DM given twice daily. Treatment H+AT sows were offered the same food intake as H-AT sows and in addition they were given 20 mglday of allyl trenbolone (AT) mixed with the morning feed. Treatment L-AT sows were given 1·5 kg of the same diet offered twice daily during lactation and treatment L+AT sows were also offered this lower level of food intake and given AT. The respective levels of food intake were offered to sows from the 1st day of lactation onwards until weaning at 21 days post partum. Litter weights at weaning were influenced significantly by feeding level (P < 0·001) and also by AT administration (P <0·05). Sows on the high level of feeding had the heaviest litters and food-restricted sows had the lightest litters. AT treatment depressed litter weight at weaning. There was no effect of food level or AT on the plasma concentrations of progesterone or oestrogens during lactation. There was a highly significant (P <0·001) difference in mean plasma oestrogen concentration between high (H-AT and H+AT) and low (L-AT and L+AT) fed groups during early pregnancy in the subsequent cycle. Sows given a combination of high energy in lactation and AT (H+AT) exhibited shorter intervals from weaning to oestrus than both groups of food-restricted (L-AT and L+AT) sows fP <0·01) but treatment had no significant effect on either the farrowing rate or on the subsequent litter size. It is concluded that despite significant changes in the live weight and condition of sows and changes in steroid hormone concentrations due to food intake and the administration of allyl trenbolone, there were no significant effects on reproductive performance.

Meat production from pigs which have farrowed 1. Reproductive performance and food conversion efficiency

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARYThe reproductive performance and food conversion efficiency ofyoung female pigs (gilts) destined for slaughter after weaning their first litter were investigated using four treatment groups of 19 Landrace × (Landrace × Large White) gilts. In two treatment groups gilts were mated at pubertal heat and suckled for 5 to 11 and 35 to 42 days respectively. These gilts were slaughtered following weaning. A third group of gilts were conventionally mated at third oestrus and suckled for 35 to 42 days. These animals acted as controls for reproductive performace. The fourth treatment group consisted of unmated gilts, slaughtered at 118 kg live weight, which served as controls for food conversion efficiency, growth rate and carcass measurements.There were no significant differences in either the number or weight of piglets born in any of the treatment groups. The food conversion efficiency and growth rate of the mated gilts was significantly (P< 0·001) worse than that of the unmated gilts marketed at heavy weights. Of the mated gilts those mated at puberty and weaned at 35 to 42 days had the best overall feed conversion efficiency (4·56: 1) between the start of the experiment and weaning and required less food per piglet reared to 6 weeks of age than the gilts mated at third heat.

Weaning at birth: the effect on the reproduction of the sow

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThirty-six Landrace × Large White sows were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups. Sows on treatment A (no. = 6) did not lactate at all and the piglets from these sows were removed at birth. Sows on treatment B (no. = 15) lactated for 1 day after parturition and sows on treatment C (no. = 15) acted as controls and lactated for 42 days. The reproductive performance of each treatment group was recorded and all sows were bled every 2nd day from parturition to 30 days post partum. All blood samples were assessed for oestradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. In treatments A and B, a high proportion of anoestrous sows was seen (0·28). None of the sows in treatment C became anoestrous. The mean interval from weaning to the onset of oestrus for treatments A and B (19·0 (s.e. 6·5) days and 19·7 (s.e. 3·8) days respectively) were not significantly different, while that for treatment C (5·6 (s.e. 0·4) days) was significantly shorter (P < 0·01). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent farrowing for treatments A, B and C respectively was 7·3 (s.e. 0·8), 9·1 (s.e. 0·8) and 10·5 (s.e. 0·67) (P < 0·05). The calculated annual sow productivity (piglets born alive per sow per year), excluding the first litter born, for treatments A, B and C respectively was 18·4, 22·8 and 22·9. Weaning at, or close to, parturition did not, therefore, influence sow productivity compared with weaning after 6 weeks of lactation.

241 Evaluation of a DFM and OA, Alone or in Combination, on Sow Reproductive and Litter Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Karissa N Rulon ◽  
Matthew D Asmus ◽  
Daniel B Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Forty-seven sows and their progeny were used to determine if feeding gestating and lactating sows a Bacillus licheniformis direct-fed microbial (DFM), an organic acid blend of medium chain and short chain fatty acids (OA), or in combination improves sow lactation feed and water intake, litter growth, and subsequent reproductive performance. On approximately d80 of gestation, sows were fed one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) gestation control (CON; 0.55% SID Lysine), 2) CON with DFM (1.6x109 CFU/kg of complete feed), 3) CON with 0.4% OA, 4) CON with both DFM and OA. Dietary treatments were also fed throughout lactation (1.00% SID Lysine) starting on approximately d112 of gestation when sows entered farrowing facility. There was a tendency (P = 0.079) for DFM to decrease the amount of sow body weight loss in lactation by approximately 6% compared to sows not consuming the DFM, likely related to DFM sows numerically (P = 0.124) consuming 8.4% more feed during d7-14 of lactation. Sows fed the OA diets had fewer mummies/litter (P = 0.038) compared to diets not containing OA. Sows fed diets with the DFM gave birth to lighter pigs born alive (P = 0.003) compared to non-DFM fed sows, and a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.092) existed where feeding OA+DFM lessened the decrease in born alive BW. There was an interaction tendency (P = 0.133) where sows fed DFM returned to estrus 22 hours sooner than CON, but only 8 hours sooner when sows were fed the OA+DFM diet. In conclusion, feeding a Bacillus licheniformis DFM to sows may decrease pig born alive weight but reduce sow BW loss through 6.4% more lactation feed intake, quickening the return to estrus. Feeding the OA alone or in combination did not improve sow reproductive and litter growth performance in this study, and may require a larger sample size.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Milk and Reproductive Performance of Saanen and Saanen × Hair Goat Crossbreds (F1, B1 & B2) and Growth Performance of their Kids in Semi-Intensive Production System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Mesut Yıldırır ◽  
Orhan Karadağ ◽  
Mustafa Yilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Akif Yüksel ◽  
Tamer Sezenler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Intensive Production

The aims of this study were to evaluate the traits of reproductive, milking and growth performance of Saanen and Saanen × Hair crossbreds (F1, B1 and B2) raised at the Bandırma Sheep Research Institute. The data were collected from 868 goats for reproductive performance and milk yield and from 1077 kids for survival performance between 2009-2012. Milk components (fat, protein, lactose and non-fat dry matter) of goats (n=162) and body weight changes of kid’s (n=64) were evaluated for one year in 2012. Estrus rates and survival rates were similar among all genotypes. Kidding rate was significantly higher in F1 goats than Saanen goats. Saanen goat had the lowest average mean daily milk yield compared with other genotypes. The effect of year and age were significant on milk yield. Goats in F1 and B1 genotypes had higher milk protein percentage and non-fat dry matter content in comparison with Saanen and B2 genotype. Milk fat and lactose contents were similar among genotypes. Birth weight and monthly live weight were similar between genotypes while weaning weight, six month live weight and yearling live weight were higher in B1 kids in comparison with Saanen kids. The effect of dam age and birth type were significant on birth weight, monthly live weight and weaning weight. The findings related to performance characteristics in goat genotypes investigated show that B1 genotype could be recommend for semi-intensive production system in the Western Anatolia.

The effect of level of nutrition prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewes of two welsh breeds in different levels of body condition

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
J. R. Jones ◽  
M. E. James
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

ABSTRACTThe effects of high-low (HL) and low-high (LH) patterns of nutrition during the 5 weeks prior to a synchronized mating were studied on the reproductive performance of 115 Welsh Mountain and 114 Brecknock Cheviot ewes in a range of body condition at the start of treatment. For 2 months prior to treatment imposition, ewes were grazed in a systematic way at different stocking rates on different sward heights to obtain a range of body condition scores. Target score groupings were 2·00 to 2·25, 2·50 to 2·75 and 3·00 to 3·25 and although scores of 1·50 to 3·25 were obtained, most lay in the 2·00 to 2·75 range. Two treatment groups, balanced for live weight and body condition score, received high and low levels of nutrition for 16 days from mid October, achieved, respectively, by a low stocking rate on a sward with a high surface height plus ad libitum concentrate and a high stocking rate on a sward with a low surface height plus 200 g hay per head per day. Treatments were then reversed for the 17 days prior to mating. Live-weight and body condition-score changes were recorded and reproductive performance at first mating was measured from counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos at slaughter either at return to service or at 4 weeks after first mating. There were no differences due to nutritional pattern in live weight or body condition score at mating. The LH treatment significantly increased the rates of ovulation, conception, multiple ova survival and potential lambing per ewe pregnant and per ewe mated in the Welsh Mountain breed but significantly increased only the rates of ovulation and potential lambing per ewe pregnant in the Brecknock Cheviot breed compared with the HL treatment. The relatively poorer response in the latter breed was partially due to a lower ovulation rate potential coupled with non-significantly lower rates of conception and survival of single-shed ova associated with the LH treatment. Much of this relatively poorer reproductive performance in the Brecknock Cheviot breed was in ewes with body condition scores 3= 2·75. Reproductive performance increased with increasing body condition at the start of treatment over the range of scores =≤ 2·25 to 2·50 in both breeds and, while continuing to improve in scores above 2·50 in the Welsh Mountain breed, in the Brecknock Cheviot breed it started to decline. Ewes with a body condition score of 2·50 in both breeds showed the greatest response in potential lambing rate to the LH treatment.

Meat production from pigs which have farrowed. 2. Carcass characteristics

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
W. J. N. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYThe carcass characteristics of young adult female pigs (gilts) slaughtered after weaning their first litters have been investigated using three groups of 19 Landrace × (Landrace×Large White) gilts. In two treatment groups gilts were mated at their pubertal oestrus and suckled their piglets for 5 to 11 and 35 to 42 days respectively. These gilts were slaughtered on average 10 days after weaning. A third control group consisted of unmated gilts slaughtered at 118 kg live weight.There was no significant difference in the killing-out percentage for the three groups. The carcasses of the gilts which farrowed contained significantly less fat (P<0·001) than those of the unmated controls. The carcasses of the farrowed gilts had significantly lighter middle sections (P<0·001) and significantly heavier shoulders (P<0·001) than the controls.Despite the variations in tissue yield and distribution, the yield of prime joints for the gilts which had farrowed was only 0·62 percentage units less than that of the controls.No commercially significant variations between groups in meat quality were observed.

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