Variation in the absorption of a colostrally secreted marker antibody in piglets

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Perry ◽  
J. H. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Piglet Serum ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Serum Antibody Titre

1. Sixteen sows were immunised in late pregnancy with Salmonella pullorum antigen. Sows showed marked differences in serum antibody titre at parturition.2. Twelve hours after birth, serum antibody titres in the 173 piglets born to the 16 sows were measured. They were positively related to the serum titres of their mother.3. Marked variation existed in the antibody titres of colostra from different teats and from different sows. No relationship was found between colostral titres and the titres in sow or piglet sera.4. Sow and piglet serum titres were negatively related to piglet and litter weight gain from birth to 7 days of age.5. Those piglets with high serum antibody titres at 12 hr. after birth displayed better growth rates and enjoyed lower mortality than piglets with low antibody titres.

Persistent seropositivity in oophorectomy-resistant anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e241878
Author(s):  
Susmit Tripathi ◽  
Nara M Michaelson ◽  
Alan Segal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Case Basis

To discuss (1) the significance of seropositivity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and (2) clinical decision making in oophorectomy resistant disease. Patient A (a 35-year-old woman) had high CSF and serum anti-NMDA antibody titres, a complicated hospital course, little improvement with first and second-line therapies, and remained with high CSF and serum antibody titres despite unilateral oophorectomy, requiring a nearly 13-month long hospitalisation. Conversely, patient B (a 29-year-old woman) had low CSF titres, seronegative disease and quickly recovered to her baseline with first line therapies and oophorectomy. Anti-NMDAR antibodies are themselves pathological, causing signalling dysfunction and internalisation of the NMDAR. Seropositivity with anti-NMDAR antibodies likely reflects leakage from the blood–brain barrier, with high serum titres being a downstream effect of high CSF titres. Empiric bilateral oophorectomies is controversial but appropriate on a case-by-case basis in extremely treatment-resistant NMDAR encephalitis given the possibility of antigenic microteratomas, which may not be detected on imaging or even bilateral ovarian biopsies.

scholarly journals A graded-dose study of inactivated, surface antigen influenza B vaccine in volunteers: reactogenicity, antibody response and protection to challenge virus infection

1983 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goodeve ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
A. Clark ◽  
R. Jennings ◽  
G. C. Schild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Serum Antibody Titre

SUMMARYOne hundred and nineteen volunteers were divided into five groups, and each volunteer inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous subunit B/Hong Kong/73 vaccine containing 40, 20, 10, or 5 μg of HA or saline alone in a 0·5 ml volume. The incidence of reactions was recorded 24 h after inoculation. One month following immunization the serum HI antibody to B/Hong Kong/73 virus was measured; each volunteer was inoculated intranasally with live, attenuated influenza B (RB77) virus; and the incidence of infection by the challenge virus was determined by HI antibody response.The results showed that the incidence of reactions to all doses of vaccine were relatively low, the severity mild, and the duration short. However, the incidence of reactions was highest for those given 40 μg HA and least for those given 5 μg HA. The serum HI antibody responses to vaccine showed a dose-response relationship. For volunteers given 40 μg HA, 22 (96%) showed a fourfold rise in antibody titre and all volunteers had antibody titres of > 40 following immunization: for volunteers given 5 μg HA the g.m.t. increased from 16·6 to 86·1; and for those given 10 and 20 μg HA the response was intermediate. Following challenge, the lowest incidence of infection was seen in volunteers given the highest dose of vaccine. However, all doses of vaccine induced some protection against challenge virus infection, and the incidence of infection was directly related to the serum antibody titre at the time of challenge. The 50% protection titre of serum HI antibody was estimated as 15 to 20.

scholarly journals Virus-specific memory T cell responses unmasked by immune checkpoint blockade cause hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hutchinson ◽  
Katharina Kronenberg ◽  
Paloma Riquelme ◽  
Jürgen J. Wenzel ◽  
Gunther Glehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
After Cancer

AbstractTreatment of advanced melanoma with combined PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade commonly causes serious immune-mediated complications. Here, we identify a subset of patients predisposed to immune checkpoint blockade-related hepatitis who are distinguished by chronic expansion of effector memory CD4+ T cells (TEM cells). Pre-therapy CD4+ TEM cell expansion occurs primarily during autumn or winter in patients with metastatic disease and high cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific serum antibody titres. These clinical features implicate metastasis-dependent, compartmentalised CMV reactivation as the cause of CD4+ TEM expansion. Pre-therapy CD4+ TEM expansion predicts hepatitis in CMV-seropositive patients, opening possibilities for avoidance or prevention. 3 of 4 patients with pre-treatment CD4+ TEM expansion who received αPD-1 monotherapy instead of αPD-1/αCTLA-4 therapy remained hepatitis-free. 4 of 4 patients with baseline CD4+ TEM expansion given prophylactic valganciclovir and αPD-1/αCTLA-4 therapy remained hepatitis-free. Our findings exemplify how pathogen exposure can shape clinical reactions after cancer therapy and how this insight leads to therapeutic innovations.

BACTERIAL AND VIRAL COPROANTIBODIES IN BREAST-FED INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Jean F. Kenny ◽  
Mary I. Boesman ◽  
Richard H. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Breast Fed

Stools of newborn breast-fed infants may contain significant amounts of hemagglutinating antibody to enteropathogenic E. coli and neutralizing antibody to polioviruses. Stool titers averaged only fourfold lower than maternal milk titers for antibacterial and less than twofold lower for antiviral activity. Similar ratios of stool:milk activity were also found for paired specimens obtained during the second and third postpartum months. The stool antibodies were stable at 56°C and exhibited definite specificity. Bacterial hemagglutinins in feces were more sensitive to mercaptoethanol than the poliovirus neutralizing activity. Stools from breast-fed infants contained gamma-1 globulins similar to those in milk, including IgA and small amounts of IgM. Meconium from bottle-fed infants with high serum antibody titers to polioviruses contained traces of homotypic neutralizing antibody. Antiviral and antibacterial activity were not detected in transitional and later stools from artificially fed infants, nor were human immune globulins. Milk bacterial hemagglutinating antibodies were more resistant to acid and to pepsin than those in serum. Furthermore, acid had a less deleterious effect on virus neutralizing activity in milk than it had on that in serum, and it also had less effect on the milk antiviral than on the milk antibacterial antibodies.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis presenting after immature teratoma resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e244637
Author(s):  
Deandra Kimberly Chetram ◽  
Kelsey Pan ◽  
Aisha Elfasi ◽  
Merry Markham
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immature Teratoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement

This is a case of a young woman who developed neurological and psychiatric symptoms 3 days after resection of an immature teratoma. She was diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis via positive serum antibody titres, which was later confirmed with cerebrospinal fluid antibody titres. Given her cancer diagnosis, she underwent treatment with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in addition to 5 days of high-dose steroids (1 g of intravenous methylprednisolone) for the encephalitis. This treatment regimen led to significant clinical improvement 3 weeks after completion of one cycle of chemotherapy.

Study of Antibody Levels in Children with Purulent Otitis Media

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Branefors ◽  
T. Dahlberg ◽  
O. Nylén
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Levels

A series of episodes of acute otitis media were studied with reference to the bacterial findings in the nasopharynx and the specific antibody response in a group of children nine months to ten years of age, with previous frequent episodes of acute otitis media, Serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibody levels against five polysaccharide antigens, namely Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae types 3, 6, 19 and 23, were studied by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The selection of polysaccharide antigens was based on isolation frequency. The sera to be tested were tenfold serially diluted. An extinction of 0.2 over the base was taken as the end-point titer and expressed as in-log10. The results showed that most children including those under three years of age showed increasing homologous antibody titers at an infection, or had already initially very high antibody titers, especially of the IgG class. The titers reached levels of 104 to 105. In some cases, however, it could be shown that high serum antibody titers did not give protection against a new infection with the same serological type of bacteria. It was also demonstrated that most children, regardless of age, had IgG and IgM titers against the heterologous antigens. In some cases the levels were quite high (103 to 104). However, the IgA antibody levels were lower and in a considerable number of samples antibodies were not even detectable.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of maternal prenatal testosterone levels with birth weight and weight gain in infancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Voegtline ◽  
K. A. Costigan ◽  
K. T. Kivlighan ◽  
J. L. Henderson ◽  
J. A. DiPietro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Testosterone ◽  
Age And Sex

Associations between maternal salivary testosterone at 36 weeks’ gestation with birth weight and infant weight gain through 6 months of age were examined in a group of 49 healthy, pregnant women and their offspring. The diurnal decline of maternal testosterone was conserved in late pregnancy, and levels showed significant day-to-day stability. Elevated maternal morning testosterone level was associated with lower birth weight Z-scores adjusted for gestational age and sex, and greater infant weight gain between birth and 6 months. Although maternal testosterone levels did not differ by fetal sex, relations were sex-specific such that maternal testosterone had a significant impact on weight for male infants; among female infants associations were nonsignificant. Results highlight the opposing influence of maternal androgens during pregnancy on decreased growth in utero and accelerated postnatal weight gain.

The effects of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on the performance of Scottish Blackface hill ewes, with particular reference to the premature loss of permanent incisor teeth

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYA subclinical calcium or phosphorus dietary deficiency on many hill pastures and a relationship between this and the premature loss of permanent incisor teeth are postulated. The effects of small individual supplements of calcium (12 g calcium carbonate suspended in water) or phosphorus (13 g monosodium phosphate in solution) supplied three times a week between mid-February and the end of May to Scottish Blackface ewes which grazed reseeded pasture in April and May were compared with those of no mineral supplement and with those of no mineral supplementon hill pastures throughout.Neither supplement had any significant effect on the number or weights of lambs born or reared on reseeded pastures. Both resulted in significantly greater ewe live-weight gain during the treatment period, in a significant improvement in the firmness and permanence of the incisor teeth, and in significantly higher serum Ca levels during lactation. All effects increased with advancing age.The use of hill pastures during late pregnancy and early lactation without any mineral supplement could result in significantly poorer ewe live-weight gain during the treatment period depending on season. This was also associated with significantly lighter single lambs at 6 weeks and with slower deterioration of the incisor teeth.It is suggested that minerals lost from the body during lactation on reseeded pastures are not replaced during the autumn recovery period on hill pastures and that a gradual depletion occurs throughout life, leading possibly to demineralization of the alveolar bone and premature loss of the incisor teeth. It is suggested that this is indicative of a higher mineral requirement for maintenance of the permanent dentition than is necessary for normal acceptable growth andreproductive performance. Mineral content of hill herbage may therefore be too low to supply requirements at the levels of OM intake normal on hill pastures.

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