Rice and noodle consumption is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in an Asian population

High consumption of refined grains, particularly white rice, has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the association between rice and noodle consumption and markers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation and dyslipidaemia in an Asian population. We carried out a population-based cross-sectional study in 2728 Singaporean Chinese men and women aged between 24 and 92 years. Rice and noodle intake was assessed using a validated FFQ and studied in relation to glycaemic (fasting glucose, glycated Hb, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA index for β-cell function (HOMA-β)), inflammatory (plasma adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and lipid (fasting TAG and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) markers. We used multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for total energy intake and sociodemographic, anthropometric (BMI and waist:hip ratio) and lifestyle factors. Higher rice consumption was found to be associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (0·81 % higher values per portion increment; 95 % CI 0·09, 1·54) and HOMA-IR (4·62 %; 95 % CI 1·29, 8·07). Higher noodle consumption was also found to be significantly associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (1·67 %; 95 % CI 0·44, 2·92), HOMA-IR (6·17 %; 95 % CI 0·49, 12·16) and fasting TAG concentrations (9·17 %; 95 % CI 3·44, 15·22). No significant association was observed between rice and noodle consumption and adiponectin, CRP and HDL-C concentrations or HOMA-β in the fully adjusted model. These results suggest that high consumption of rice and noodles may contribute to hyperglycaemia through greater insulin resistance and that this relationship is independent of adiposity and systemic inflammation.

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Distribution of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0844 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Celia Aradillas-García ◽

Martha Rodríguez-Morán ◽

María Eugenia Garay-Sevilla ◽

Juan Manuel Malacara ◽

Ramón Alberto Rascon-Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Mexican Children

ObjectiveSeveral cutoff points of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; varying from 2.5 to 4.0) have been suggested for diagnosing IR in youth. In this study, we determined the distribution of the HOMA-IR in Mexican children and adolescents.Design and methodsA total of 6132 children and adolescents from San Luis Potosi, León, Queretaro, and Durango, which are cities in central and northern Mexico, were enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Pregnancy and the presence of chronic illnesses were exclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 3701 (60.3%) girls and 2431 (39.7%) boys were included in this study. In the overall population, the mean body mass index, insulin levels, and fasting glucose levels were 21.8±1.3 kg/m2, 7.1±3.2 μU/ml, and 86.2±10.0 mg/dl respectively. The concentrations of insulin and fasting glucose gradually increased from 6 to 12 years of age, whereas the concentrations tended to plateau in the 13- to 18-year-old population. The absolute mean of the HOMA-IR was 2.89±0.7. The HOMA-IR gradually increased with age and reached a plateau at 13 years of age.ConclusionsBecause the insulin concentrations, glucose levels, and HOMA-IR exhibited a gradual increase with age that was not related to obesity, our results suggested that the evaluation of IR in children should be based on percentiles of the HOMA-IR rather than a dichotomous value derived from a single cutoff point.

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Associations of resistin with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0427 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 159 (5) ◽

pp. 585-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Qibin Qi ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Huaixing Li ◽

Zhijie Yu ◽

Xingwang Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Population Based ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factor Α

ObjectiveResistin increases insulin resistance (IR) in mice. However, the role of resistin in human disease remains controversial. We aimed to assess plasma resistin levels and their associations with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers, IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese.Design and methodsPlasma resistin was measured in a population-based cross-sectional survey of 3193 Chinese aged from 50 to 70 years in Beijing and Shanghai.ResultsThe median resistin concentration was 8.60 ng/ml (interquartile range, 5.78–14.00) among all participants, and it was higher in women than in men (P=0.008). Resistin was correlated weakly with body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (negatively), homeostatic model assessment of IR and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 (TNFR2; r=0.04, 0.07, –0.09 and 0.06 respectively, all P<0.05), and more highly with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)1 (r=0.12, 0.12 and 0.21 respectively, all P<0.001), but only HDL cholesterol, CRP, IL6, TNFR2, and PAI1 remained significantly associated with resistin in multiple regression analysis (all P<0.05). Furthermore, elevated resistin levels were associated with the higher prevalence of IR and MetS. However, the significant relationships disappeared after adjustment for inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers especially PAI1.ConclusionsThis study suggests that resistin is more strongly associated with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers than with obesity or IR status. The associations of resistin with IR and MetS could largely be explained by inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers especially PAI1 levels.

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Distribution of HOMA-IR in a population-based cohort and proposal for reference intervals

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2021-0643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Bassel Matli ◽

Andreas Schulz ◽

Thomas Koeck ◽

Tanja Falter ◽

Johannes Lotz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Reference Group ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Population Based ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Health Study ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) provides an estimate for IR from fasting glucose and insulin serum concentrations. The aim of this study was to obtain a reference interval for HOMA-IR for a specific insulin immunoassay. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, prospective, single-center cohort study in Germany with 15,030 participants aged 35–74 years. Fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were available in 10,340 participants. HOMA-IR was calculated in this group and three reference subgroups with increasingly more stringent inclusion criteria. Age- and sex-dependent distributions of HOMA-IR and reference intervals were obtained. In a substudy three insulin assays were compared and HOMA-IR estimated for each assay. Results Among the 10,340 participants analyzed there were 6,590 non-diabetic, 2,901 prediabetic, and 849 diabetic individuals. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) HOMA-IR was 1.54 (1.13/2.19), 2.00 (1.39/2.99), and 4.00 (2.52/6.51), respectively. The most stringently selected reference group consisted of 1,065 persons. Median (IQR) HOMA-IR was 1.09 (0.85/1.42) with no significant difference between men and women. The 97.5th percentile was 2.35. There was a non-significant trend towards higher values with older age. Comparison of three immunoassays for insulin showed an unsatisfactory correlation among the assays and systematic differences in calculated HOMA-IR. Conclusions We present HOMA-IR reference intervals for adults derived by more or less stringent selection criteria for the reference cohort. In addition we show that assay specific reference intervals for HOMA-IR are required.

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Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolites in Relation to Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function in U.S. Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061783 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1783

Author(s):

Sohyae Lee ◽

Jin-young Min ◽

Kyoung-bok Min

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Beta Cell Function ◽

High Performance ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Glucose Levels

The relationship between caffeine and insulin resistance (IR) has been assessed only in terms of caffeine intake, and the association between caffeine and beta cell function (BCF) remains unclear. This study examines the association between urinary caffeine and its metabolites, IR, and BCF in nondiabetic, noninstitutionalized US adults in order to account for the inter-individual differences in caffeine metabolism. Data on urinary caffeine and its metabolites, IR and BCF from adults aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed (n for caffeine = 994). IR and BCF were assessed using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and urinary caffeine and its metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. After adjusting for all covariates, increases in urinary 1,3-DMU, 1,7-DMU, 1,3,7-TMU, theophylline, paraxanthine, caffeine, and AAMU were significantly associated with increased HOMA-IR and HOMA-β (HOMA of insulin resistance and beta cell function). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of urinary 1,3-DMU, 1,7-DMU, 1,3,7-TMU, theophylline, paraxanthine, caffeine, and AAMU, the regression coefficients for HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were significantly higher among those in the highest quartile. After stratification by prediabetes status, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β showed significant positive associations with urinary caffeine and its metabolites among subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose levels. Our cross-sectional study showed that caffeine and its metabolites were positively related to IR and BCF.

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Oral hormonal therapy with ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel improves insulin resistance, obesity, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 independent of circulating mineralocorticoid in estrogen-deficient rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2017-0630 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 577-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Oluwaseun A. Adeyanju ◽

Olaniyi A. Soetan ◽

Ayodele O. Soladoye ◽

Lawrence A. Olatunji

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hormonal Therapy ◽

Cell Function ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Ovx Rats

Estrogen deficiency has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases , and recent clinical trials of standard formulations of hormonal therapies have not demonstrated consistent beneficial effects. Estrogen–progestin therapy has been used as exogenous estrogen to normalize depressed estrogen level during menopause. Ovariectomized rodents mimic an estrogen-deficient state in that they develop cardiometabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance (IR). We therefore hypothesized that hormonal therapy with combined oral contraceptive steroids, ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel (EEL), improves IR, obesity, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) through reduction of circulating mineralocorticoid in ovariectomized rats. Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated (SHM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with or without EEL (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that OVX or SHM + EEL treated rats had increased HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of IR), 1 h postload glucose, HOMA-β, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL cholesterol, TG/HDL cholesterol, plasma insulin, GSK-3, corticosterone, and aldosterone. On the other hand, OVX + EEL treatment ameliorated all these effects except that of aldosterone. Taken together, the results demonstrate that oral hormonal replacement with EEL improves IR and pancreatic β-cell function and suppresses GSK-3 and glucocorticoid independent of circulating aldosterone, suggesting a positive cardiometabolic effect of oral EEL therapy in estrogen-deficient rats.

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High BMI with Adequate Lean Mass Is Not Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa328 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pei Xiao ◽

Hong Cheng ◽

Yinkun Yan ◽

Junting Liu ◽

Xiaoyuan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Tc

ABSTRACT Background Despite an increasing number of studies investigating the links between increased BMI and a better prognosis of cardiovascular disease, which has been termed the “obesity paradox,” few of them take the lean mass into consideration. Objectives This study aimed to explore the associations of body composition compartments, especially the lean mass, with cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents. Methods In a nationwide cross-sectional study of 6- to 18-y-old children (n = 8967, 50.1% boys), we measured body composition using DXA scan, and calculated BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and lean mass index (LMI). The exploratory outcomes were cardiometabolic abnormalities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Adjusted linear regression coefficients and ORs were calculated to assess the associations between body composition indicators and cardiometabolic abnormalities. Results Unlike BMI and FMI, LMI was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β: −0.06; 95% CI: −0.09, −0.03; P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (β: −0.08; 95% CI: −0.11, −0.05; P < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (β: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.13, −0.08; P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (β: −0.12; 95% CI: −0.14, −0.09; P < 0.001), and total cholesterol (TC) (β: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.19, −0.14; P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, all the odds of cardiometabolic abnormalities were increased from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of BMI and FMI (P-trend < 0.05); however, the odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were decreased with LMI (P-trend < 0.05). Obese children with high LMI did not have significantly increased odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, and high non-HDL cholesterol compared with normal-weight children without high LMI. Conclusions Greater lean mass may have a protective impact on high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. This finding suggests that the “obesity paradox” may be partly explained by high lean mass.

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Association of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function With Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Dysglycemia Patients

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.554604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Guo ◽

Chiyu Wang ◽

Boren Jiang ◽

Shaohong Ge ◽

Jian Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Type I ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Β Cell ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Β Cell Function

BackgroundThe interrelation between glucose and bone metabolism is complex and has not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin resistance, β-cell function and bone turnover biomarker levels among participants with abnormal glycometabolism.MethodsA total of 5277 subjects were involved through a cross-sectional study (METAL study, http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800017573) in Shanghai, China. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-%β) were applied to elucidate the nexus between β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC). β-CTX, OC and P1NP were detected by chemiluminescence.ResultsHOMA-IR was negatively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (regression coefficient (β) -0.044 (-0.053, -0.035), Q4vsQ1; β -7.340 (-9.130, -5.550), Q4vsQ1 and β -2.885 (-3.357, -2.412), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend <0.001). HOMA-%β was positively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (β 0.022 (0.014, 0.031), Q4vsQ1; β 6.951 (5.300, 8.602), Q4vsQ1 and β 1.361 (0.921, 1.800), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend <0.001).ConclusionsOur results support that lower bone turnover biomarker (β-CTX, P1NP and OC) levels were associated with a combination of higher prevalence of insulin resistance and worse β-cell function among dysglycemia patients. It is feasible to detect bone turnover in diabetes or hyperglycemia patients to predict the risk of osteoporosis and fracture, relieve patients’ pain and reduce the expenses of long-term cure.

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Diabetes Mellitus, Elevated Hemoglobin A1c, and Glycated Albumin Are Associated with the Presence of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: The JPSC-AD Study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-215153 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara ◽

Sohshi Yuki-Nozaki ◽

Chiemi Abe ◽

Ayaka Mori ◽

Mai Horimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Cell Function ◽

Glycated Albumin ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Glucose dysmetabolism is an important risk factor for dementia. Objective: We investigated the associations of diabetes mellitus, the levels of glycemic measures, and insulin resistance and secretion measures with dementia and its subtypes in a cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, 10,214 community-dwelling participants were enrolled. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the HOMA of percent β-cell function (HOMA-β), and the glycated albumin (GA) was evaluated. The associations of each measure with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were investigated. Results: The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of AD were significantly higher in participants with diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes (1.46 [95% CI: 1.08–1.97]). Higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with AD at diabetes (≥6.5%) and even at prediabetes (5.7 %–6.4 %) levels; multivariable-adjusted ORs for AD in participants at the diabetes level were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.19–2.49), and those in participants at the prediabetes level were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.00–1.68), compared with those in normal participants. Moreover, higher GA levels were associated with AD. No associations were observed between the diabetic status or the levels of glycemic measures and VaD. In addition, no significant relationships were observed between insulin resistance and secretion measurements and AD and VaD. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are significantly associated with AD, even in individuals at the prediabetes level.

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Insulin resistance and adipokine levels correlate with early atherosclerosis – a study in prediabetic patients

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2015-0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bogdan Mircea Mihai ◽

Antoniu Octavian Petriș ◽

Didona Anca Ungureanu ◽

Cristina Mihaela Lăcătușu

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Carotid Imt ◽

Lipid Parameters ◽

Early Atherosclerosis

AbstractCardiovascular risk of prediabetes is still subject to controversies. We analyzed the associations between insulin resistance, adipokines and incipient atherosclerosis estimated by intima-media thickness (IMT) in a cross-sectional study on 122 prediabetic subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerotic disease. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, calculated as fasting insulin × fasting plasma glucose / 22.5), adiponectin, leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, carotid and femoral IMT were evaluated. We also assessed other parameters related to insulin resistance and adipokines (HbA1c, anthropometric and lipid parameters), as they may also influence atherosclerosis. Carotid IMT was correlated to adiponectin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (all p < 0.05), but not with HOMA-IR or leptin, while femoral IMT showed no relationship with these factors. After adjusting for leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol-to-HDL ratio, triglycerides-to-HDL ratio and HbA1c, IMT values became correlated with HOMA-IR. Adjustment for HOMA-IR induced the appearance of new correlations between adipokines and both IMT values. In conclusion, insulin resistance and adipokines seem related to IMT in prediabetic subjects without clinical signs of arterial obstruction.

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Measurement of bioactive osteocalcin in humans using a novel immunoassay reveals association with glucose metabolism and β-cell function

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00321.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (3) ◽

pp. E381-E391 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Julie Lacombe ◽

Omar Al Rifai ◽

Lorraine Loter ◽

Thomas Moran ◽

Anne-Frédérique Turcotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Cell Function ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Β Cell

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In serum, OCN exists in carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms (ucOCN), and studies in rodents suggest that ucOCN is the bioactive form of this hormone. Whether this is also the case in humans is unclear, because a reliable assay to measure ucOCN is not available. Here, we established and validated a new immunoassay (ELISA) measuring human ucOCN and used it to determine the level of bioactive OCN in two cohorts of overweight or obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ELISA could specifically detect ucOCN concentrations ranging from 0.037 to 1.8 ng/mL. In a first cohort of overweight or obese postmenopausal women without diabetes ( n = 132), ucOCN correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = −0.18, P = 0.042) and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.18, P = 0.038) and positively with insulin sensitivity assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.18, P = 0.043) or insulin sensitivity index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.26, P = 0.003). In a second cohort of subjects with severe obesity ( n = 16), ucOCN was found to be lower in subjects with T2D compared with those without T2D (2.76 ± 0.38 versus 4.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P = 0.009) and to negatively correlate with fasting glucose (r = −0.50, P = 0.046) and glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.57, P = 0.021). Moreover, the subjects with ucOCN levels below 3 ng/mL had a reduced insulin secretion rate during a hyperglycemic clamp ( P = 0.03). In conclusion, ucOCN measured with this novel and specific assay is inversely associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in humans.

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