Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and associations with birth weight and body composition of the newborn: a longitudinal multiethnic population-based study

AbstractWe investigated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in pregnancy and birth weight and other neonatal anthropometric measures. The present study was a population-based, multiethnic cohort study of 719 pregnant women (59 % ethnic minorities) in Oslo, Norway, delivering a singleton neonate at term and with birth weight measurements. In a representative sample, anthropometric measurements were taken. Maternal 25(OH)D was measured at gestational weeks 15 and 28. Women with 25(OH)D <37 nmol/l were recommended vitamin D3 supplementation. Separate linear regression analyses were performed to model the associations between 25(OH)D and each of the outcomes: birth weight, crown–heel length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, sum of skinfolds, mid-upper arm circumference and ponderal index. In early pregnancy, 51 % of the women were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D<50 nmol/l). In univariate analyses and in models adjusting for maternal age, parity, education, prepregnancy BMI, season, gestational age and neonate sex, maternal 25(OH)D was significantly associated with birth weight, head circumference, abdominal circumference and ponderal index (P<0·05 for all), when used as a continuous variable and categorised (consistently low, consistently high, increasing and decreasing level). However, after adjusting for ethnicity, 25(OH)D was no longer associated with any of the outcomes. Sex-specific associations for abdominal circumference and sum of skinfolds were found (Pfor interaction<0·05). In conclusion, in a multiethnic cohort of pregnant women with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we found no independent relation between maternal vitamin D levels and any of the neonatal anthropometric measures, and the strong association between ethnicity and neonatal outcomes was not affected by maternal vitamin D status.

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Influence of vitamin D serum concentration, prenatal care and social determinants on birth weight: a northeastern Brazilian cohort study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519001004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (03) ◽

pp. 284-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcos Pereira-Santos ◽

Gisele Queiroz Carvalho ◽

Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽

Ana Marlucia Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Late Onset ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Vitamin

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.

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Large Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Birth Weight of Neonate

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39247/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Yu ◽

Hai-Jin Ke ◽

Di Che ◽

Yong Guo ◽

Jie-Ling Wu

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background: The effect of maternal vitamin D status on the birth weight of offspring is controversial as the results are inconsistent between different populations. This large retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and birth weight of neonate. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 10,586 Chinese women in the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of the participants was assessed. Using the INTERGROWTH-21st standards, the offsprings were classified into three groups based on their gestational age and birth weight, which were as follows: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: The average maternal vitamin D concentration was 61.1 nmol/L. The 25(OH)D concentrations were <75.0, <50.0, and <25.0 nmol/L in 76.6%, 31.1%, and 1.6% of the participants, respectively. Approximately 6.4%, 86.4%, and 7.2% of women delivered SGA, AGA, and LGA infants, respectively. No significant differences were observed in vitamin D levels between the three groups (P = 0.562). With the increase in 25(OH)D levels, the risk of SGA and LGA tended to increase and decrease, respectively. However, the results were not precise. AGA was not affected by 25(OH)D levels. The results of the curve fitting and threshold effect analyses did not support the correlation between vitamin D levels and SGA or LGA. Based on the univariate prediction model and the model that adjusted for the risk factors, the area under the curve was extremely small. Thus, 25(OH)D level is not an effective predictor of SGA and LGA. Conclusions: Low maternal vitamin D levels were not associated with SGA or LGA.

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The Correlation Between Vitamin D at Birth and Growth at 6 Months of Age in Twins: from a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-105080/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Jiaxiao Yu ◽

Li Wen ◽

Jianying Yan ◽

Jing Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Child Growth ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue in women and children, is associated with adverse impacts on child growth, such as rickets. However, prior studies have mainly focused on measuring vitamin D levels in singleton pregnant women and their offspring, very limited studies have revealed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in twin pregnant women and their offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin D levels in twin pregnant women and their neonates. We also explored the correlation of maternal vitamin D levels with neonatal outcomes and infant growth. Methods: A prospective subcohort investigation was carried out among 72 dichorionic twin pregnant mothers and their twin offspring from the Longitudinal Twin Study. Peripheral blood was collected from the mothers in the third trimester and cord blood was collected form neonates at birth to identify 25[OH]D levels. Data on the characteristics of the mothers and neonates were collected. Infant growth data and food sensitivities were also collected. Results: The average maternal 25[OH]D level was 31.78 ng/mL, with 19.4% being deficiency and 20.8% insufficiency, while the average neonatal 25[OH]D level was 15.37 ng/mL, with 99.3% being deficiency or insufficiency. A positive correlation was found between maternal and neonatal 25[OH]D levels (beta-value: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.49). Interestingly, the higher the maternal 25[OH]D level was, the smaller the co-twins birthweight discordance (beta-value: -2.67, 95% CI: -5.11, -0.23). In addition, the infants of mothers with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to be allergic to foods at six months than those of mothers with vitamin D sufficiency. Conclusions: Twin neonates were at extremely high risk of vitamin D deficiency although their mothers’ vitamin D deficiency partially improved. Higher maternal vitamin D level was associated with smaller discordance of co-twins birthweight.Trial registration: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203

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The role of Vitamin D in the prevention of pregnancy complications and childhood diseases in the first year of life

Voprosy ginekologii akušerstva i perinatologii ◽

10.20953/1726-1678-2021-5-114-123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 114-123

Author(s):

E.V. Shikh ◽

◽

A.A. Makhova ◽

Zh.M. Sizova ◽

N.V. Shikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Childhood Diseases ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

First Year Of Life

Vitamin D status during pregnancy has an impact on fetal growth and development and plays an important role in the prevention of pregnancy complications. Fetal vitamin D supplementation is completely dependent on maternal status, which explains the high correlation between 25(OH)D concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Adequate vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women is associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Most newborns, regardless of gestational age, have insufficient vitamin D levels. Thus, the problem of Vitamin D supplementation is relevant not only for pregnant women, but also for newborns. Research studies of recent years have aimed at comparing the efficacy of Vitamin D dosing to prevent pregnancy complications. Doses higher than 4000 IU have virtually no effect on the risk of preeclampsia compared with doses of 4000 IU or less. Administration of Vitamin D in doses less than 2000 IU per day reduces the risk of low birth weight, intrauterine or neonatal mortality. Doses higher than 2000 IU have no additional benefit. Recommendations for vitamin D supplementation based on objective pharmacokinetic characteristics should be developed. Key words: pregnancy, vitamin D, doses, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia

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Role of vitamin D in prevention of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome: a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192428 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2348

Author(s):

Sujatha M. S. ◽

Shruthi K. R. ◽

Neelaharika .

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Obstetric Care ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Incidence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is thought to be common among pregnant women and is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant women with standard obstetric care was compared with women with additional vitamin D supplementation.Methods: A randomized comparative study was conducted on 100 patients attending the antenatal clinic at JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India who were randomly grouped into group A (50 patients) who received standard obstetric care (500 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D) and group B (50 patients) who received in addition to standard obstetric care supplementation of Vitamin D 1000 IU/day starting from 14 weeks of gestation till delivery. Vitamin D levels were assessed in both the groups with onset of labour by chemiluminescence immunoassay and obstetric and neonatal outcomes in both groups were compared.Results: High incidence of vitamin D deficiency (96%) in standard care group compared to vitamin D supplemented group ( p= <0.0001) was noted. The study showed significant reduction in risk of Preeclampsia (P=0.004), GDM (P= 0.02) and primary caesarean delivery (0.008) in Vitamin D supplemented group. Significantly high birth weight in vitamin D supplemented group, an increase in 320 grams in birth weight was noted (P <0.0001).Conclusions: There is a high incidence of subnormal vitamin D levels in antenatal women and is associated with maternal and neonatal adverse effects. Measuring Vitamin D levels and appropriate supplementation of higher dose of vitamin D is an effective strategy in prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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The Influence of Maternal Levels of Vitamin D and Adiponectin on Anthropometrical Measures and Bone Health in Offspring

PRILOZI ◽

10.2478/prilozi-2020-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 91-98

Author(s):

Manca Velkavrh ◽

Darja Paro-Panjan ◽

Evgen Benedik ◽

Natasa Fidler Mis ◽

Uros Godnov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Health Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Bone Health ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Adiponectin Concentration ◽

Maternal Vitamin

Abstract Background: From the conception onward, certain parameters associated with maternal health may affect foetal body composition, growth and bone mineral content. The objective of the study was to determine the association between maternal vitamin D and adiponectin status with the anthropometrical measures of newborns, and bone health status measured by Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) at birth. Methods: Circulating 25OHD and adiponectin concentration were measured in 73 pregnant women. Correlations with the anthropometrical measures and bone health status in their infants were studied. Bone health was evaluated using QUS with the measurements of speed of sound (SOS, in m/s) and Z score on the right tibia. Results: There was no significant association between maternal 25OHD and newborn’s anthropometrical measures at birth (weight p=0.35, length p=0.59 and head circumference p=0.47). There was a significant negative correlation between a maternal serum adiponectin and a) weight of infants at birth (R= -0.37, p=0.002); b) birth length (R= -0.31, p=0.008) and c) head circumference (R= -0.29, p=0.014). There was no significant correlation between maternal 25OHD blood levels during pregnancy and SOS in newborns (p=0.48). Additionally, a correlation between maternal adiponectin concentration during pregnancy and SOS in newborns was not significant (p=0.82). Conclusion: Although a high prevalence of low 25OHD level among pregnant women was found, maternal vitamin D status did not influence growth and bone health of their offspring at birth. Maternal adiponectin levels in plasma showed an inverse relationship with anthropometrical measures of infants at birth, while no correlation with the newborn’s bone health was found.

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Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D pada Ibu Hamil dengan Berat Bayi Lahir di Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan Kabupaten Solok

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v19i1.546 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Nidya Ikha Putri ◽

Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto ◽

Rauza Sukma Rita ◽

Arif Sabta Aji

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The West ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Study Population

The main cause of infant mortality is Low Birth Weight (LBW). Basd on data obtained from the West Sumatra Provincial Health Office in 2015, from 1376 case of 92.444 babies weighed, and there were 2,066 (2.2%) LBW in 2014. Growth and development of the fetus need vitamin D for cell and bone growth.The design of this study is cross sectional and conducted in Tanah Datar District in the working area of Puskesmas Simabur, Puskesmas Lima Kaum I, and in Puskesmas Lima Kaum II and Solok District in the working area of Puskesmas Talang, Puskesmas Gaek Jua and Puskesmas Tanjung Bingkung from January 2017 to March 2018. The study population was third trimester pregnant women with a population of 60 respondents, by multistage random sampling. Examination of vitamin D levels by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with normality test.The result of this study that level are the average vitamin D content of 25.44 ± 10.49 pg / ml and the median weight of the baby born is 3000 gram. There was a positive relationship between vitamin D levels in pregnant women with birth weight (r = 0,463), (p < 0,05).The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant association between vitamin D levels in pregnant women with infants born weight in West Sumatra.

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The Impact of Gender on Anthropometric Measures of Twins

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2016.57 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 652-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽

Kenneth Lim

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Birth Order ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Length ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Fetal Birth Weight ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Literature suggests that male hormones influence fetal growth in singleton pregnancies. We hypothesized that the same phenomenon is seen in twin gestations. Objectives: (1) to identify the impact of gender associated with fetal birth weight, head circumference, and birth length for twins; (2) to examine the effect of gender on standardized fetal growth at birth, according to gestational age and birth order; (3) to examine the effect of gender on placenta weight and dimensions. Methodology: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of twins (4,368 twins, 2,184 pairs) born in British Columbia, Canada from 2000–2010. We excluded twins with stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and those delivered with cesarean section. We also controlled for confounding factors, including birth order, gestational age, maternal anthropometric measures, maternal smoking habits, and obstetric history. A subsample of this population was analyzed from Children and Women Hospital to obtain chorionicity information. Results: Male–male twins were heavier than male–females and female–female twin pairs (p=.01). Within sex-discordant twin pairs, males were also heavier than females (p=.01). Regression analysis suggested that gender affects birth weight independent of birth order and gestational age. Other newborn anthropometric measures were not found to be dependent on gender. In analyzing a subsample with chorionicity data, birth weight was the only anthropometric measure that was both statistically and clinically affected by sex, even after adjustment for gestational age, chorionicity, birth order, and maternal age. Conclusion: Birth weight was affected by gender while head circumference and birth length were not.

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Maternal Vitamin D Levels during Late Pregnancy and Risk of Allergic Diseases and Sensitization during the First Year of Life—A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2418

Author(s):

Fui Chee Woon ◽

Yit Siew Chin ◽

Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽

Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff ◽

Marijka Batterham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

First Year ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

First Year Of Life

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic illness in childhood. Findings from developed countries have reported associations between Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring allergy risk. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the associations between maternal Vitamin D levels during late pregnancy and allergic diseases in Malaysian infants during the first year of life. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 380 pregnant women in the third trimester were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Children’s allergic outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months based on parental reports. Specific IgE antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured in infants at 12 months of age. A total of 43.2% pregnant women were Vitamin D deficient (<30 nmol/L) and 56.8% were nondeficient (≥30 nmol/L). A total of 27.6% of the infants had eczema, 6.1% had wheeze, 27.4% had food sensitization, 10.8% had inhalant allergen sensitization, and 3.8% had IgE-mediated food allergy during the first year of life. Compared with the nondeficient group, maternal Vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was not associated with any allergic outcomes after adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, the present study does not support an association between maternal Vitamin D levels in late pregnancy and allergic outcomes during the first year of life.

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Maternal circulating Vitamin D3 levels during pregnancy and behaviour across childhood

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-51325-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mónica López-Vicente ◽

Jordi Sunyer ◽

Nerea Lertxundi ◽

Llúcia González ◽

Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Social Competence ◽

Population Based ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Behavioural Problems ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency during critical periods of development could lead to persistent brain alterations. We aimed to assess the association between maternal vitamin D3, the major circulatory form of vitamin D, at pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood, namely: behavioural problems, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms, and social competence. This study included 2,107 mother-child pairs of a Spanish population-based birth cohort. Maternal plasma vitamin D3 was measured in pregnancy. The outcomes were measured through questionnaires at 5, 8, 14, and 18 years old. We ran multivariate regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables. We found that per each 10 ng/mL increment of maternal vitamin D3, children obtained higher social competence scores (coefficient = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.35) at 5 years old. However, we observed null associations between maternal vitamin D3 and total behavioural problems and ADHD and ASD symptoms in children from 5 to 18 years old. Further studies carried out in countries where the population is exposed to lower vitamin D levels are needed.

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