scholarly journals Lutein ester in serum after lutein supplementation in human subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Granado ◽  
Begoña Olmedilla ◽  
Enrique Gil-Martínez ◽  
Inmaculada Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Xanthophyll Esters ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Lutein, one of the major carotenoids present in serum, is also widely consumed by most populations. For the purpose of testing the potential health benefits of several carotenoids, lutein was supplied as part of an intervention trial to test whether the consumption of these food constituents reduces oxidative damage to human tissue components. Lutein from a natural source (15 mg/d as mixed ester forms) was supplied for 4 months to eighteen non-smoking, apparently healthy volunteers (nine men, nine women) aged 25–45 years. The serum carotenoid profile was analysed at baseline and monthly thereafter. On average, lutein concentrations increased 5-fold after the first month of supplementation (mean 1·34 (range 0·6–3·34) μmol/l). On reviewing the results, in those volunteers whose lutein levels surpassed 1·05 μmol/l (fourteeen of seventeen), we tentatively identified lutein monopalmitate along with another unidentified ester (possibly from a monoketocarotenoid) in serum. Lutein levels returned to baseline values and ester forms were not present 3 months after supplementation was discontinued. Their concentrations did not correlate with, and represented less than 3% of, lutein levels achieved in serum. They were observed before development of, and despite the presence of, carotenodermia. To our knowledge, this is the first time xanthophyll esters have been described in human serum. In view of the fact that xanthophyll esters have not been previously reported in serum and chylomicrons, it seems unlikely that these ester forms would be a reflection of the contents of the capsule. They may indicate a ‘ceiling effect’ on or saturation of the transport capacity for xanthophylls, and may have been re-esterifiedin vivobecause of the unusual dietary conditions. The determination of the physiological importance of this finding will require further investigation, although neither haematological nor biochemical changes were detected.

Carbon dots derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum for intracellular determination of Fe3+ and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Shengting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been employed for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots which could be applied for the determination of Fe3+ ions in living cells and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo with excellent biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Determination of receptor occupancy in the presence of mass dose: [11C]GSK189254 PET imaging of histamine H3 receptor occupancy by PF-03654746

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Dominique Gallezot ◽  
Beata Planeta ◽  
Nabeel Nabulsi ◽  
Donna Palumbo ◽  
Xiaoxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pet Scans

Measurements of drug occupancies using positron emission tomography (PET) can be biased if the radioligand concentration exceeds “tracer” levels. Negative bias would also arise in successive PET scans if clearance of the radioligand is slow, resulting in a carryover effect. We developed a method to (1) estimate the in vivo dissociation constant Kd of a radioligand from PET studies displaying a non-tracer carryover (NTCO) effect and (2) correct the NTCO bias in occupancy studies taking into account the plasma concentration of the radioligand and its in vivo Kd. This method was applied in a study of healthy human subjects with the histamine H3 receptor radioligand [11C]GSK189254 to measure the PK-occupancy relationship of the H3 antagonist PF-03654746. From three test/retest studies, [11C]GSK189254 Kd was estimated to be 9.5 ± 5.9 pM. Oral administration of 0.1 to 4 mg of PF-03654746 resulted in occupancy estimates of 71%–97% and 30%–93% at 3 and 24 h post-drug, respectively. NTCO correction adjusted the occupancy estimates by 0%–15%. Analysis of the relationship between corrected occupancies and PF-03654746 plasma levels indicated that PF-03654746 can fully occupy H3 binding sites ( ROmax = 100%), and its IC50 was estimated to be 0.144 ± 0.010 ng/mL. The uncorrected IC50 was 26% higher.

scholarly journals Determination of activity of antioxidants in human subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry G. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Plasma Measurements ◽  
Determination Of Activity ◽  
Nutritional Antioxidants

Evidence from biochemical and animal models suggests that nutritional antioxidants should inhibit the development of diseases such as CHD and certain cancers. This evidence is not clearly corroborated by intervention studies in human subjects, due, in part, to inadequacies in current analytical methodologies. Althoughin vitroassays can give useful information on the attributes required by a compound to act as an antioxidant, results may have little nutritional relevance due to limited bioavailability. The determination of antioxidants in blood is often used as a measure of antioxidant statusin vivo, but may not necessarily reflect concentrations in target tissues where oxidative stress is greatest. In addition, the accumulation of antioxidants in selective tissues may not be apparent from plasma measurements. Participation in quality-control schemes for antioxidant determination by HPLC allows inter-laboratory comparison of results. Moderation of indices of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA can provide information on the effectiveness of compounds as nutritional antioxidants. However, most current methods of assessing oxidative stress are subject to confounding factors of non-oxidative origin. Assays for total antioxidant capacity in plasma differ in their type of oxidation source, target and measurement used to detect the oxidized product. They give different results, should never be used in isolation, and results should be interpreted with caution. Until more is known about the activity and metabolic fate of antioxidants, caution should be exercised in the consumption of large amounts of commercially-available antioxidant preparations.

scholarly journals Amino acid availability: aspects of chemical analysis and bioassay methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

AbstractIt is important to be able to characterise foods and feedstuffs according to their available amino acid contents. This involves being able to determine amino acids chemically and the conduct of bioassays to determine amino acid digestibility and availability. The chemical analysis of amino acids is not straightforward and meticulousness is required to achieve consistent results. In particular and for accuracy, the effect of hydrolysis time needs to be accounted for. Some amino acids (for example, lysine) can undergo chemical modification during the processing and storage of foods, which interferes with amino acid analysis. Furthermore, the modified amino acids may also interfere with the determination of digestibility. A new approach to the determination of available lysine using a modifiedin vivodigestibility assay is discussed. Research is required into other amino acids susceptible to structural damage. There is recent compelling scientific evidence that bacterial activity in the small intestine of animals and man leads to the synthesis and uptake of dietary essential amino acids. This has implications for the accuracy of the ileal-based amino acid digestibility assay and further research is required to determine the extent of this synthesis, the source of nitrogenous material used for the synthesis and the degree of synthesis net of amino acid catabolism. Although there may be potential shortcomings in digestibility assays based on the determination of amino acids remaining undigested at the terminal ileum, there is abundant evidence in simple-stomached animals and growing evidence in human subjects that faecal-based amino acid digestibility coefficients are misleading. Hindgut microbial metabolism significantly alters the undigested dietary amino acid profile. The ileal amino acid digestibility bioassay is expected to be more accurate than its faecal-based counterpart, but correction of the ileal amino acid flow for amino acids of endogenous origin is necessary. Approaches to correcting for the endogenous component are discussed.

scholarly journals Fermentation of non-starch polysaccharides in mixed diets and single fibre sources: comparative studies in human subjects andin vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Wisker ◽  
Martina Daniel ◽  
Gerhard Rave ◽  
Walter Feldheim
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Rye Bread ◽  
Batch System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Balance Trials

The present study investigated whether the extent of fermentation of NSP in human subjects could be predicted by anin vitrobatch system. Fibre sources studied were five mixed diets containing different amounts and types of fibre and three single fibre sources (citrus fibre concentrate, coarse and fine wholemeal rye bread). Fermentation in human subjects was determined in balance experiments in women who were also donors of the faecal inocula.In vitrofermentations were performed with fibre residues prepared from duplicates of the fibre-containing foods consumed during the balance trials. Fermentation of total NSPin vivowas between 65.8 and 88.6% for the mixed diets and 54.4, 58.0 and 96.9 % for the coarse and fine wholemeal rye breads and the citrus fibre concentrate respectively. For the mixed diets and the citrus fibre concentrate, mean differences between the extent of NSP degradation after 24 hin vitroincubation and thatin vivowere between −0.7 and 5.0 %. Differences were significant for one diet (P< 0.05). For the wholemeal rye breads, the fermentationin vitroexceeded thatin vivosignificantly, but the magnitude of the difference in each case was small and without physiological importance. Particle size of breads had no influence on the extent of NSP degradation. These results indicate that thein vitrobatch system used could provide quantitative data on the fermentationin vivoof NSP in mixed diets and some single fibre sources. Anin vitroincubation time of 24 h was sufficient to mimic the NSP degradationin vivo.

scholarly journals Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Veronica Lolli ◽  
Pablo G. Toral ◽  
Augusta Caligiani ◽  
Pilar Gómez-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sterculic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFA), found in oilseeds from Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, have been shown to interfere with the endogenous synthesis of several bioactive lipids of dairy fat, such as cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and cis-9 18:1, by inhibiting Δ9-desaturase. No previous study has reported the presence of sterculic acid in animal fat and its incorporation in tissues after its administration, due to the lack of a proper methodology. In the present research, a GC-MS method based on cold base derivatization to fatty acids methylesters was developed to determine CPEFA in ewe milk triglycerides, after infusing sterculic acid (0.5 g/day) to six lactating ewes. An alternative derivatization based on silanyzation followed by GC-MS analysis was also tested, showing its possible applicability when CPEFA are present in the form of free fatty acids. Sterculic acid was detected in ewe milk triglycerides, demonstrating its incorporation from the bloodstream into milk by the mammary gland. The mean transfer rate represented 8.0 ± 1.0% of the daily dose. This study provides, for the first time, the presence of sterculic acid in milk fat, supporting the importance of understanding its occurrence in vivo and encouraging further research to determine whether it can be present in foods, such as dairy products, obtained under practical farming conditions.

scholarly journals Diclofenac and Its Acyl Glucuronide: Determination of In Vivo Exposure in Human Subjects and Characterization as Human Drug Transporter Substrates In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Y.-H. Han ◽  
S. P. Putluru ◽  
M. K. Matta ◽  
P. Kole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Drug Transporter ◽  
Acyl Glucuronide

scholarly journals Understanding the Metabolic Fate and Bioactivity of Dietary Anthocyanins

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Netzel ◽  
Wright ◽  
Sultanbawa ◽  
Netzel
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Red Grape

Anthocyanins are plant pigments and dietary phytochemicals, and may have potential health benefits. There is emerging evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that suggests a higher consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. To better understand the observed beneficial effects of anthocyanins and their underlying mode of action, bioavailability and metabolic fate needs to be studied in more detail. Healthy human subjects (10–12 in two different studies) received red grape pomace (700 mg anthocyanins/mainly as malvidin-3-glucoside) or Queen Garnet plum (QGP) juice (426 mg anthocyanins/mainly as cyanidin-3-glucoside) and an anthocyanin-free control in a randomised crossover design. Malvidin- and cyanidin-glycosides are common in many fruits and beverages such as red grapes, red grape juice, red wine, blueberry, cherry, elderberry, (Japanese) plum and are therefore of dietary significance. 24-hr urine samples were collected and analysed for anthocyanins and metabolites by UHPLC-PDA-MS. Methylated, glucuronidated and sulphated anthocyanins could be identified as characteristic metabolites in both studies. Furthermore, the increase in urinary hippuric acid (microbial/hepatic metabolite) was considerable in both studies after the consumption of red grape pomace or QGP juice (1.8–4.5-fold vs. control; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that structurally different anthocyanins are exposed to a similar extensive metabolism by enzymes and the gut microbiome and that the generated metabolites are most likely the bioactive compounds in vivo. Therefore, more human studies are warranted to investigate the metabolic fate of dietary anthocyanins and the bioactivity of generated metabolites.

Determination of plasma concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in pet cats and dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Yavuz ◽  
Handan Hilal Arslan ◽  
Cagatay Esin ◽  
Yavuz Kursad Das ◽  
Abdurrahman Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lipid Weight ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was the determination of plasma concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cats and dogs and evaluation of their prevalence and possible effects. The concentrations of nine OCPs, such as α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, 2,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2,4′-DDT), 4,4′-DDT, 2,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (2,4′-DDE) and 4,4′-DDE and 16 PCBs (PCB-28, -52, -70, -74, -81, -99, -101, -118, -138, -153, -156, -170, -180, -183, -187 and -208) were evaluated in the plasma samples of pet cats ( n = 15) and dogs ( n = 21). The concentrations of OCPs ranged from 1.12 ng g−1 lipid weight (lw) to 7.65 ng g−1 lw in cats and from 1.25 ng g−1 lw to 6.79 ng g−1 lw in dogs. In addition, mean PCB levels were 0.58–5.66 and 0.52–6.62 ng g−1 lw in cats and dogs, respectively. β-HCH, γ-HCH and PCB-138 levels were significantly higher in dogs ( p < 0.05). As far as could be determined, OCPs and PCBs were detected in the plasma samples of domestic cats and dogs in Turkey for the first time. Their concentrations were similar to those reported in earlier studies abroad. However, in contrast to other research, the levels of some OCPs were higher in dogs than in cats. It is concluded that, because of their high prevalence and potential health effects in animals and humans, OCP and PCB levels should be monitored systematically in domestic cats and dogs.

scholarly journals High-sensitivity determination of 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid in biomedical samples for retrospective detection of exposure to lewisite upon antidotal therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Koryagina ◽  
E. S. Ukolova ◽  
E. I. Savel’eva ◽  
N. G. Voitenko ◽  
O. I. Orlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antidotal Therapy

A procedure for determination of the lewisite metabolite 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid (CVAA) in biomedical samples, involving derivatization of the latter with propane-1,3-dithiol and head-space solid-phase microextraction of the derivative on a 100-μm PDMS fiber followed by GC-MS, was applied for the first time to analysis ofin vivosamples. The detection limits of CVAA in urine, plasma and red blood cells were 0.1, 1.0 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Upon exposure to lewisite at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg, CVAA could be detected in rat urine for about three months. Study of the effect of a single injection of the antidote unithiol on the CVAA excretion profile revealed more active CVAA excretion during the first two days after the injection, compared to that observed in the absence of antidotal therapy.

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