Bureaucrats, Budgets and the Growth of the State: Reconstructing an Instrumental Model

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
The State ◽  
New Right ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

This article forms part of a longer-term project dealing with the impact of public choice theories in political science. The focus here is on economic models of bureaucracy, which despite their increasing theoretical significance and influence on practical politics have heretofore been little analysed, except by their exponents. I have argued elsewhere that amongst existing public choice accounts there are two seminal works, Antony Downs's pluralist treatment in Inside Bureaucracy and William Niskanen's new right thesis in Bureaucracy and Representative Government. The central innovation of economic approaches is their stress on rational officials' attachment to budget maximization strategies. In Downs's case this is a finite maximand limited by bureaucrats' conservatism and other motivations. But in Niskanen's case budget maximization is an open-ended process, constrained only by external limits on agencies' abilities to push up their budgets. None the less, despite their disparate approaches and conclusions, both these books share four failings common to almost all other public choice work in the field:(1) They operate with vague and ill-defined definitions of bureaucrats' utility functions.(2) They assume that all bureaucracies are hierarchical line agencies.

scholarly journals Impact of Navaratnalu on Manabadi (Nadu-Nedu / Education) in Andhra Pradesh State

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
P V Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Model Schools ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Navaratnalu is in operation in Andhra Pradesh State from 30th May 2019 to provide various schemes to the beneficiaries viz, Farmers, Students, Mothers, old age Persons, Auto-walas, Weavers community, Fisherman community, Poor people in OC, BC, SC, ST, Minorities, and others for better living in the society. The purpose of one Programme of Navaratnalu is to provide infrastructure facilities for all government schools on far with corporate schools and capacity building of the teachers to improve the quality of education in the state.Purpose of the study: The study tried to assess two issues, which are the impact of Manabadi-Nadu-Nedu/Education and to recommend suitable suggestions for the improvement of the schools under government control.Methodology: This empirical research adopted a quantitative method by distributing a schedule to 108 beneficiaries representing from four districts in Andhra Pradesh State. The data analyzed by using statistical techniques such as mean and percentages to assess the impact of the Manabadi-Nadu-Nedu/Education.Main Findings: MANA-BADI project is intended to develop with a provision for up-gradation of schools as model schools for the benefit of the students in rural and semi-urban areas in A.P. Majority of the respondents are aware of the manabadi /Education (nadu-nedu) program a, and everybody knows the activities being implemented by the government of A.P and are positively responded.Application of the Study: The findings of the study are useful for the government in implementing the navaratnalu in the state. As education has increased the self-confidence level among the students of primary, higher, technical knowledge, the state of Andhra Pradesh, which is developing fast in almost all areas people to be educated so that they become part and parcel of development.Novelty/originality of the Study: The impact of navaratnalu (Manabadi-Nadu-Nedu/Education) has been addressed categorically, empowering the manabadi-Nadu nedu. Therefore, a determined plan of implementation of further action can significantly allow the manabadi / Education (nad-unedu)

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Politics – Conceptualization of the Idea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marek Górka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic

The cybersecurity issue discussed in the paper is seen from the perspective of political science with the indication that the subject under discussion concerns the multifaceted nature of the state’s actions, which consists of political, economic, social, and cultural factors. At the same time, the work also intends to prove that cybersecurity is not only a domain of technology because it is the mentioned aspects that shape the conditions of stable development of the state and its citizens in a space dominated by cyber technology in a much more decisive way. Given the growing role of cybertechnology in almost all areas of human life, its importance also forces and inspires political science to question the shape and model of modern policy, which is significantly evolving under the influence of new technologies. On the one hand, emerging cyber threats reveal the weakness of the state and the dependence of state institutions on cybertechnologies, but on the other hand, existing cyber incidents may also motivate many governments to take action to increase the level of cybersecurity.

scholarly journals CUSTOMS AFFAIRS IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Taras KARAVAYEV ◽  
Nina KALUGA
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO in March 2020 have significantly affected almost all sectors of economy and life spheres, including the imple­mentation of customs affairs. Introduced changes in the trade and customs policy of count­ries of the world, legislative changes and quarantine measures have affected the activity of the customs authorities of Ukraine, which requires a separate study. Analysis of recent researches and publications has shown that the published up to date papers aren’t systematic and can’t claim to be a complete analysis of the problems and challenges related with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customs affairs at the WCO level and in Ukraine. The aim of the paper is to analyze the WCO measures and the implementation of cus­toms affairs by the customs of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods such as the systematic approach, theo­retical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis have been used in the research. Results of the research. Globally, the WCO and partner organizations have develop­ped measures to achieve the balance between combating the spread of COVID-19 and ensuring continuity of supply chains. The quarantine measures introduced in the world and in Ukraine have affected the activities of the customs authorities of the State Customs Service. At the first stage, 94 checkpoints across the state border and points of control were temporarily closed, 38 of which remain closed till now. The total number of vehicles passed through the customs border of Ukraine in January-September 2020 compared with 2019 decreased by more than 2 times to 6.7 million units. The largest reductions were fixed for road, air and river transport. The total volume of customs declarations of the MD-2 form decreased by 5.7%. However, the number of other customs documents, according to which goods are sent in international postal and express shipments, has significantly increased. Conclusion. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the WCO focused their attention of customs administrations on taking the necessary measures to protect customs personnel who in direct contact with citizens and carriers when crossing borders. The mea­sures introduced in Ukraine in connection with the spread of COVID-19 have affected the activity of the customs authorities of the State Customs Service. However, the customs officials carried out customs formalities promptly and according to the current legislation and international treaties of Ukraine.

State Response, Community Development, and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Elyta Elyta ◽  
Herlan Herlan
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Response ◽  
Electricity Rates ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Almost all countries in the world are being hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government is trying to take steps to improve the welfare of its people in the midst of this pandemic situation. This paper aims to analyze how the state responds to the impact of Covid-19 and how community development is being carried out in the face of Covid-19. This paper uses descriptive qualitative research with literature study methods related to government policies for the welfare of the community in the Covid-19 pandemic which is associated with the state response and the community development process in Indonesia. The results of this study show that the state's response is through issuing health protocol regulations, providing assistance to reduce electricity rates, distributing basic foodstuffs, and cash. The state also improves emergency response mechanisms, conducts outreach, involves the community, conducts tracing intensively. The state also faces obstacles, however input from the public and global organizations is used as evaluation material which makes further response increases. Meanwhile, community development in dealing with Covid-19 is carried out through active and sustainable community strengthening based on the principles of social justice, cooperation and participation from the community in making it happen. Keywords: State Response; Community Development; Covid-19

The Irreligiousness of Fascism

Numen ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 525-547
Author(s):  
Valerio S. Severino
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Iranian History ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This essay aims to reexamine the debate on the impact of Fascism on religious studies, by reconstructing what Raffaele Pettazzoni, one of the founding fathers of this field of research in Italy in the first half of the twentieth century, meant by “religion of the state.” His research on the origin of the religious state in Iranian history and in the Greek polytheistic prototype of thepolisoffers a key to the interpretation of his further analysis of the religious Fascist phenomenon. Mingling approaches of both political science and history of religions, this study constitutes an introduction to a new understanding — which remained hidden in Pettazzoni’s texts — of Fascism as a degeneration of state religiousness. While Fascism is an example of the sacralization of politics (according to one of the leading historians of Fascist ideology, Emilio Gentile), Pettazzoni showed how in other ways Fascism perpetuated the pre-Christian crisis of the religious state.

Rereading John Stuart Mill's On Liberty in the Digital Communications Age

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

On Liberty by John Stuart Mill is about democracy, the limitations to political power, and the actions of individuals that protect the ability of the people to pursue their dreams and aspirations, as well as the shaping of modern democratic systems. The objective of this chapter is to review a classic of political science in the light on the current processes and developments in the Digital Age and thus extract new light on the impact the new digital communication technologies have on the relationship between the state and the citizens around the world. The widespread use of social media and digital communications will have and is having deep and unavoidable impacts on the relationship between the state and citizens. However, such impacts raise both hopes of a better future for democracies and dictatorships as well as concerns of privacy, freedom of speech and thought, consistency of public policy, quality of governmental services, and even the legitimacy and lifetime of regimes. The theoretical tools of classical political science may, however, aid us in better understanding such processes and steering change for the best.

John Stuart Mill's On Liberty in the Digital Communications Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-47
Author(s):  
Diogo Santos ◽  
Mylla Maria Maria Sousa Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

On Liberty by J. S. Mill is on democracy, limitations to political power, as well as the shaping of modern democratic systems. This chapter aims to review a classic of political science in light of the current developments in the digital age and thus extract new light on the impact the new digital communication technologies have on the relationship between the state and the citizens around the world. The widespread use of social media and digital communications will have and is having deep and unavoidable impacts on the relationship between the state and citizens. However, such impacts raise both hopes of a better future for democracies and dictatorships as well as concerns of privacy, freedom of speech and thought, consistency of public policy, quality of governmental services, and even the legitimacy and lifetime of regimes. The theoretical tools of classical political science may, however, aid us in better understanding such processes and steering change for the best.

The state of political science, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Rom Jensen ◽  
Jonathon W. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

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