The Graphical Representation of Instar Records in a Regional Mosquito Survey

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
J. F. Marshall ◽  
J. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Routine Examination

Since the opening of the British Mosquito Control Institute, in August 1925, the mosquito control of Hayling Island (initiated in August 1920) has been carried on as part of the research work of the Institute's laboratory.This work involves the routine examination of the different water-places of the Island throughout the year by an inspector who brings to the laboratory all specimens of mosquito larvae, etc., thus collected. These specimens are identified, recorded in the daily register and finally utilized in various ways ; the larvae remaining in the water-places being subsequently destroyed by appropriate means. The inspector's working year is therefore made up of “ collecting days ” and “ anti-larval days ” ; the time devoted to these two departments of the work being approximately the same.

scholarly journals The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

scholarly journals Larvicidal effect of some natural products on mosquito and some aquatic predators in Gezira State, Sudan: Field assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-082
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab Houmida Ali ◽  
Mutaman Ali A. Kehail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Aquatic Predators

There are many methods used for mosquito control. Depending on the situation, source reduction (removing stagnant water), bio-control (importing natural predators), trapping, and insecticides to kill larvae or adults may be used. Some aquatic predators were reputed as biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Hence they have to be considered when experimenting on the lethal effects of any material on mosquito larvae. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of neem leaves and usher latex against Anopheles and Culex larvae and some of their aquatic predators (hemipteran boatman (HB), tadpole (T), swimming beetle larvae (SBL) and adult (SBA) and mayfly naiad (MF)) in some breeding sites around Wad Medani Town. Gezira State, Sudan. Two villages were selected for conducting this study. The count of the mosquito larvae and the aquatic predators continued for four days from applying natural products. The results showed that, mosquito’s larvae were affected more than the aquatic by Neem leaves and Ushar latex. The study of the microclimates in the breeding sites will help to correlate toxicity to any level of any environmental factor.

Reliability Evaluation and Cost Optimization of Solar Road Studs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangey Ram ◽  
Ashok Singh Bhandari ◽  
Akshay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Time

Roads have always been the main source of transportation all over the world. Easy accessibility and more safety are the most important features of road transportation. Improvements in these areas are constantly required and invited. Solar road studs are one of the remarkable improvements in road safety. Solar road studs use solar energy, which is the most sustainable and pollution-free source of energy that provides reliable power supplies and fuel diversification. Solar road studs are flashing solar cell-powered LED lighting devices used in road construction to delineate road edges and centerlines. This research work is dedicated to evaluating the reliability measures which include availability, mean time to failure (MTTF), cost analysis, and sensitivity analysis with their graphical representation by using the Markov process. Along with reliability assessment, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is applied to optimize the cost of the system.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Mosquitoes Larva at Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
MS Ahmmed ◽  
TF Khanom ◽  
N Alam ◽  
N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Mosquito borne diseases have a great impact on human and animal health throughout the world including Bangladesh. An entomological survey was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and its surrounding areas from January to June, 2013 to identify the mosquito larvae and to investigate the different breeding site preferences of mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae were collected using dipper, ladle spoon, dropper and pipette from rice field, botanical garden, dairy farm, poultry farm, drains, lakes, ponds, staff quarters, residential halls and cattle sheds. A total of 1397 mosquito larvae were collected from the places. Ten species of mosquitoes under three genera were identified. The recorded genera were Anopheles (An.), Culex (Cx.) and Aedes (Ae.). The collected species were An. bengalensis, An. vagus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. sitiens and Ae. albopictus. Among the collected larvae, Culex was found most prevalent (64.3%), followed by Anopheles (26.7%) and Aedes were the least prevalent (9.0%). The results of this study provide evidence that drains were the most common aquatic habitat of Anopheles and Culex larvae in Boyra, Kewatkhali and Balashpur. In BAU campus, agronomy fields were found having the highest percentage (35.2%) of mosquito larvae than the other places of the campus. This study suggests that although drains and rice fields are the richest habitats, since Anopheles and Culex can breed in all available breeding habitats. This larval survey will help us to conduct future mosquito control activities and provide us useful information to schedule larvicide’s application to control the mosquito borne diseases in the study areas as well as throughout the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23962Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 79-88

scholarly journals Delivery Methods for RNAi in Mosquito Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Munawar ◽  
Azzam M Alahmed ◽  
Sayed M S Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Field Application ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
The World

Abstract Mosquito-transmitted diseases pose a threat for a great portion of the world population. Chemical insecticides are the main tool for mosquito control. Heavy dependence on chemicals created several problems such as resistance development in many mosquito species, environmental effects, and human health issues. Other tools for mosquito control were developed and used in some parts of the world. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a reverse genetic mechanism that was recently introduced as a new tool for pest control. Regarding mosquito, RNAi was used to study gene function and to discover genes that can be used as targets for control purposes. Several delivery methods are used to induce RNAi in mosquito larvae. Some methods such as injection and soaking are used routinely in RNAi research but have no application in the field. Other methods such as nanoparticles and microbes have some characteristics that make them good candidates for field application. In this report, we will focus on delivery methods for RNAi in mosquito larvae and will give examples for each method.

Graphs for Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Sudhansh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Domain Independent ◽  
Area Of Application

Graph transforms raw data into information, nowadays the electronic environment leads to exponential data growth rate. To analyze such voluminous data, Big Data Analytics is the upcoming field, where Graphs plays dominant role. Further, in any research, this graphical representation of the data strengthens the data analysis to a great extent. Business Data Analytics uses statistical techniques to a great extent; the outcomes of such techniques are generally represented in the form of graphs for better interpretation and analysis. In this paper after studying lots of research work from various disciplines, a brief report of the various types of graphs is prepared along with their area of application and possible alternative techniques. The work performed in this paper is domain independent, and the outcome of the performed work will help to strengthen the research in all disciplines and domain.

STUDIES ON THE DISSIPATION OF DIFLUBENZURON AND METHOPRENE FROM SHALLOW PRAIRIE POOLS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Madder ◽  
W. L. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractA series of sod-lined pools were constructed and used to monitor repeated applications of diflubenzuron as Dimilin WP-25 and mefhoprene as Altosid SR-10. Diflubenzuron and methoprene "disappeared" rapidly from the pool water as determined by bioassays using Aedes aegypti (L.) (Culicidae) larvae and by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Chemical assays for a diflubenzuron derivative were positive for several days; bioassay indicated the presence of diflubenzuron (or at least growth regulator activity) at levels toxic to mosquito larvae for up to 16 days. In contrast methoprene "fell" below GLC detection within 2 days although biological activity persisted for approximately a week after treatment. Neither parent compound should cause a long-term persistence hazard when used for mosquito control in Canadian prairie waters.

A Method of transporting living Mosquito Larvae

1942 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-228
Author(s):  
D. J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
East African ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
North East ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Ethiopian Region

Outbreaks of yellow fever in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Uganda in 1940 emphasised the necessity for the mosquito control measures which are in force to prevent the disease from reaching Egypt or the East African ports. Edwards (1941, Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region, III, p. 3), referring to yellow fever, states that “ it would seem that most of the common biting mosquitoes of West Africa are to be regarded as potentially dangerous.” This statement applies also to north-east Africa. For the further planning of control measures, more information is required as to which mosquitos can act as vectors. Transmission experiments can usually be carried out only in a few specially equipped laboratories, so that mosquitos must sometimes be transported over great distances. A convenient method of doing this is to carry several thousands of living larvae which can provide a supply of adults for experiments. The writer has, for several years, used the simple method described below and found it effective in the hot dry climate of the northern Sudan. Recently it proved useful for sending larvae of species of Aëdes to the Yellow Fever Reseaich Institute at Entebbe.Larvae are stranded on a wet surface in a cool damp atmosphere and can be carried under these conditions for many hours or even several days. Perforated trays are made from the metal of petrol tins as shown in Fig. 1. A piece of cloth 44 cm. square is laid over each tray and tied underneath it. Water containing the larvae is poured into the tray and drains away, leaving the larvae stranded. A metal cross-piece laid on the tray serves to support another tray above it. Eight trays can be placed in a four gallon petrol tin which is then closed with a lid. In hot weather a wet towel may be wrapped round the tin.

Forty-five years of the International Journal of Social Economics (IJSE): a bibliometric overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Riya Sureka ◽  
Nitesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Social Economics ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Productive Author ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Using Data

PurposeThe International Journal of Social Economics has completed 45 years of its publication in 2018; as a part of this recognition, this paper aims to present an overview of the IJSE through bibliometric analysis of its contents from 1974–2018.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from Scopus database, the prominence of the research is assessed by studying and analyzing annual publication, and citation structure, most cited papers in IJSE, documents most cited by IJSE, most productive author, institution and country in IJSE with their temporal analysis and the thematic structure of the journal through keyword co-occurrence analysis. Additionally, a graphical representation of the bibliometric data using VOSviewer is presented in the paper.FindingsMajor findings show that IJSE has grown in productivity, as well as stature as the number of articles published each year, and the citation counts are increasing. Major themes published in the journal include poverty, social economics sustainable development, developing country, religion, economic theory, etc.Originality/valueThis is the first article providing an overall summary of the research work published in the journal.

Different Methods of Preparation, Evaluation and Comparison of One Traditional Oral Liquid Formulation for Potential Antihyperlipidemic Activity in Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 2426-2433
Author(s):  
Subhajit Ghosh ◽  
Padala Narasimha Murthy ◽  
Hanumanthachar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Kashayam are unique Ayurvedic Formulation, most of them Polyherbal oral dosage form, used as a medicinal rationale. One of them Kokilaksha Kashayam, Quality of Kokilaksha Kashayam depends only on quality of starting materials, processing of ingredients, meticulous crushing, heating cycle.In traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda, Kokilaksha Kashayam is one of the traditional Indian medicine which is a polyherbal preparation treated with plant extract. It is generally used in the treatments of disorders related to Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic,heart, cancer etc. however detailed characterization studies after preparation & comparison with marketed formulation are significant which can express authenticity of the product. Here the research work deals with the preparation of Kokilaksha Kashayam as per the procedure mentioned in the Ayurvedic text and modern method of preparation. Prepared Kokilaksha Kashayam was characterized and identified by different Analytical techniques, then evaluate preclinical pharmacological studies and also compared with Marketed formulations. Special steps concerned in the preparation of Kokilaksha Kashayam include Upakara (Preparation), Jaran (Heating & Stirring), Shoshan (Purification), Dravyaguna parlksa (Pharmacological experiments), tulana parlksa (comparison Study) by traditional or conventional as well as modern methods of preparation. These products obtained from Jaran (Heating & Stirring), Shoshan (Purification) by water extraction (Decoction process) and marketable sample were analyzed for quality control checks, the parameters mentioned in Ayurvedic texts as well as in modern techniques of evaluation, and pre-clinical pharmacological studies such as Assay of lipid per- oxidation, Hypolipidemic Activity etc were done to find out nature and form of the prepared formulation. Analyzed the in-vitro with in-vivo Anti-hyperlipidemic activity, bio-accessibility of Kokilaksha Kashayam were also determined. The Study reveals that the prepared Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M was shown the antioxidant activity was expanded in focus subordinate way. Kokilaksha Kashayam -T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M repressed the ferrous sulfate prompted lipid per-oxidation in a measurements subordinate way and demonstrated inhibitory focus (IC50) esteem 166.173 and 170.284 µg/ml individually observed from graphical representation. By Oral Administration of Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M for nine weeks at the measurement of 2 ml/kg fundamentally decreased serum cholesterol, serum LDL and serum triglycerides while indicated critical ascent in serum HDL when contrasted with high fat eating routine encouraged control gathering. Marketed Kokilaksha Kashayam additionally demonstrated critical decline in serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum triglycerides and indicated noteworthy ascent in serum HDL. Atorvastatin (1.2 mg/kg, p.o.) was utilized as standard antihyperlipidemic drug.The Study confirmed prepared two kinds of Kokilaksha Kashayam as Kokilaksha Kashayam-T and Kokilaksha Kashayam-M and Compared with Marketed Formulation indicated noteworthy decrease in atherogenic record when contrasted with high fat eating routine bolstered control amass which emphatically underpins antiatherosclerotic property of Kokilaksha Kashayam. Hence, it is concluded that Kokilaksha Kashayam can be very useful as cardiac disorder and extending the freshly prepared more active than Marketed formulation.

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