scholarly journals Larvicidal effect of some natural products on mosquito and some aquatic predators in Gezira State, Sudan: Field assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-082
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab Houmida Ali ◽  
Mutaman Ali A. Kehail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Aquatic Predators

There are many methods used for mosquito control. Depending on the situation, source reduction (removing stagnant water), bio-control (importing natural predators), trapping, and insecticides to kill larvae or adults may be used. Some aquatic predators were reputed as biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Hence they have to be considered when experimenting on the lethal effects of any material on mosquito larvae. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of neem leaves and usher latex against Anopheles and Culex larvae and some of their aquatic predators (hemipteran boatman (HB), tadpole (T), swimming beetle larvae (SBL) and adult (SBA) and mayfly naiad (MF)) in some breeding sites around Wad Medani Town. Gezira State, Sudan. Two villages were selected for conducting this study. The count of the mosquito larvae and the aquatic predators continued for four days from applying natural products. The results showed that, mosquito’s larvae were affected more than the aquatic by Neem leaves and Ushar latex. The study of the microclimates in the breeding sites will help to correlate toxicity to any level of any environmental factor.

scholarly journals SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER RESURGENCE IN DOWNTOWN ST. AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Insight Into

Aedes aegypti is an anthropophilic vector of several arboviruses, including yellow fever, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and the infamous Zika virus. In 2016, Zika virus was spreading rapidly throughout Brazil and mosquito control districts expected Zika virus would be imported to Florida and vectored by endemic Aedes aegypti. Aedes aegypti often takes advantage of cryptic oviposition sites and therefore circumvents conventional control and surveillance strategies used by mosquito control practitioners. The objective of this study was to find Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, using a door-to-door on-foot approach. Mosquito control technicians, biologists and interns worked to inspect and treat each property for Ae. aegypti. Additionally, residents were informed about Ae. aegypti and its public health risk factors. In total, Anastasia Mosquito Control District inspected 1199 of the 1995 parcels in downtown Saint Augustine (60% coverage) in three months. Artificial containers were found at 1,099 of the homes inspected, and Ae. aegypti were found at 120 homes in the area. Each property where mosquito larvae and/or adults were detected was treated using source reduction, larvicides and adulticides. Residents were educated about this project and Ae. aegypti via small flyers, door hangers, pamphlets and/or verbal communication. This study provided insight into the location of Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, which will facilitate future control efforts.

scholarly journals Using UPLC–MS/MS to Evaluate the Dissemination of Pyriproxyfen by Aedes Mosquitoes to Combat Cryptic Larval Habitats after Source Reduction in Kaohsiung in Southern Taiwan

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-An Chen ◽  
Yi-Ting Lai ◽  
Kuo-Chih Wu ◽  
Tsai-Ying Yen ◽  
Chia-Yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The policy regarding mosquito control strategies in Taiwan is based on integrated vector management (IVM). The major approach is source reduction via collaboration by both residents and governments. However, small and cryptic habitats of dengue vectors are hard to find and eliminate in urban communities. Therefore, this study evaluated a complementary approach that targeted cryptic habitats by utilizing mosquitoes themselves as vehicles to transfer an insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (PPF), to their breeding sites; the amount of PPF in breeding water was determined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). A bioassay conducted by introducing ten late-instar larvae into PPF solution was performed to assess emergence inhibition (EI). PPF was found at 0.56 ± 0.04 ng in 25 mL of water by dissemination via ten Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to 0.01% PPF, leading to 100% EI. After the community-level source reduction, a field trial in Kaohsiung in Southern Taiwan showed that 30.8–31.5% of cryptic ovitraps reached EI ≥ 50% one month after spraying 0.01% PPF in microhabitats favored by mosquitoes. IVM in parallel with residual spraying of PPF on resting surfaces of mosquitoes could serve as a simple and complementary approach to reduce cryptic larval sources in urban communities in Southern Taiwan.

scholarly journals High mortality in aquatic predators of mosquito larvae caused by exposure to insect repellent

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 20180526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael M. Almeida ◽  
Barbara A. Han ◽  
Alexander J. Reisinger ◽  
Catherine Kagemann ◽  
Emma J. Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Face ◽  
Aquatic Predators ◽  
Salamander Larvae

In the face of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks, effective mosquito control is a primary goal for public health. Insect repellents, containing active compounds such as DEET and picaridin, are a first defence against biting insects. Owing to widespread use and incomplete sewage treatment, these compounds are frequently detected in surface waters, but their effects on aquatic taxa such as mosquito larvae or their naturally occurring aquatic predators are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of commercial products containing DEET and picaridin on survivorship of mosquito larvae, and their potential indirect effects on survival of larval salamanders, a major predator of mosquito larvae. Larval mosquitos were not affected by exposure to repellents containing DEET or picaridin. We found no larval salamander mortality in control and DEET treatments, but mortality rates in picaridin treatments ranged from 45 to 65% after 25 days of exposure. Salamander larvae exposed to repellents containing picaridin began to display tail deformities and impaired development four days after the experiment began. Our findings suggest the possibility that environmentally realistic concentrations of picaridin-containing repellents in surface waters may increase the abundance of adult mosquitos owing to decreased predation pressure.

scholarly journals Reducing Aedes albopictus breeding sites through education: a study in urban area

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stefopoulou ◽  
G. Balatsos ◽  
A. Petraki ◽  
Shannon L. LaDeau ◽  
D. Papachristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Resident Education ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Aedes albopictus tends to proliferate in small, often man-made bodies of water, largely present in urban private areas. For this reason, education and community participation are considered crucial for source reduction and mosquito control. In the current study, we tried to relate for the first time in Greece, the effectiveness of resident education in an urban area with the number of breeding sites based on previous KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) studies. Our study examines the relationship between mosquito breeding sources and socioeconomic or demographic characteristics of different households in a Greek municipality and evaluates efficacy of resident education. The results revealed that only a minority of residents knew where mosquitoes breed (18.6%) and only 46% felt that residents had any responsibility for managing breeding habitat. Our findings strongly suggest that only the presence of scientific staff inspecting possible habitats in their properties, could be enough to stimulate practices towards source reduction. However, educational interventions alone with printed education material cannot enhance significant community participation and source reduction.

scholarly journals Entomological survey for identification of Aedes larval breeding sites and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahidur Rahman ◽  
Md. Omar Faruk ◽  
Sumiya Tanjila ◽  
Nur Mohammad Sabbir ◽  
Najmul Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Entomological Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Positive Properties

Abstract Background Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-districts (Thana) under Chattogram City, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and immature mosquitoes was recorded in field survey data form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification. Results Different indices like house index, container index, and the Breteau index were estimated. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify habitats that were more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. A total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties were examined, where 52 (7.39%) were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed the highest container productivity (50%) whereas the vehicle and machinery group was found as most efficient (1.83) in terms of immature Aedes production. Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% with Aedes albopictus, and 1% contained both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, the container index was 7%, and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried houses had significantly lower positivity compared to independent houses. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01). Conclusions These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne disease transmissions.

Biological control of sapstain fungi with natural products and biological control agents: a review of the work carried out in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël L. Vanneste ◽  
Robert A. Hill ◽  
Stuart J. Kay ◽  
Roberta L. Farrell ◽  
Patrick T. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Control Agents

scholarly journals The distribution of Culex mosquitoes in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. Naresh Kumar ◽  
K. Murugan ◽  
C. Thomas Vincent ◽  
P. Madhiyazhagan ◽  
T. Nataraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Vector Distribution

Lymphatic filariasis is an infection with the filarial worms, <em>Wuchereria bancrofti</em>, <em>Brugia</em> <em>malayi</em> and <em>B. timori</em>. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected <em>Culex</em> mosquito and develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels, causing severe damage and swelling (lymphoedema). Mosquito control, in view of their medical as well as economical importance, assumes global importance. Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool to analyse the distribution of mosquitoes and their relationship to different environmental factors, and can substantially improve our ability to quantify the impacts of demographic, climatic and ecological changes in vector distribution. In the present study <em>Culex</em> <em>quinquefasciatus</em>, <em>Culex</em> <em>tritaeniorhynchus</em> and <em>Culex</em> <em>gelidus</em> were recorded in the study area. Few other factors such as larval mosquito density, number of breeding sites, human population, etc. were also analysed for its impact on the distribution of <em>Culex</em> mosquitoes. Distribution of Culex in the present study affirmed that <em>C. quinquefasciatus</em> is predominant in the entire focal area, which explains the behavioural response and capability of the species in varied zones. Information gathered from this study is being used to construct a GIS-based mapping system for distribution of <em>Culex</em> mosquitoes in the Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India.

scholarly journals The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Mosquitoes Larva at Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
MS Ahmmed ◽  
TF Khanom ◽  
N Alam ◽  
N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Mosquito borne diseases have a great impact on human and animal health throughout the world including Bangladesh. An entomological survey was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and its surrounding areas from January to June, 2013 to identify the mosquito larvae and to investigate the different breeding site preferences of mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae were collected using dipper, ladle spoon, dropper and pipette from rice field, botanical garden, dairy farm, poultry farm, drains, lakes, ponds, staff quarters, residential halls and cattle sheds. A total of 1397 mosquito larvae were collected from the places. Ten species of mosquitoes under three genera were identified. The recorded genera were Anopheles (An.), Culex (Cx.) and Aedes (Ae.). The collected species were An. bengalensis, An. vagus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. sitiens and Ae. albopictus. Among the collected larvae, Culex was found most prevalent (64.3%), followed by Anopheles (26.7%) and Aedes were the least prevalent (9.0%). The results of this study provide evidence that drains were the most common aquatic habitat of Anopheles and Culex larvae in Boyra, Kewatkhali and Balashpur. In BAU campus, agronomy fields were found having the highest percentage (35.2%) of mosquito larvae than the other places of the campus. This study suggests that although drains and rice fields are the richest habitats, since Anopheles and Culex can breed in all available breeding habitats. This larval survey will help us to conduct future mosquito control activities and provide us useful information to schedule larvicide’s application to control the mosquito borne diseases in the study areas as well as throughout the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23962Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 79-88

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