scholarly journals Surveillance of Mosquitoes Larva at Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
MS Ahmmed ◽  
TF Khanom ◽  
N Alam ◽  
N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Mosquito borne diseases have a great impact on human and animal health throughout the world including Bangladesh. An entomological survey was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and its surrounding areas from January to June, 2013 to identify the mosquito larvae and to investigate the different breeding site preferences of mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae were collected using dipper, ladle spoon, dropper and pipette from rice field, botanical garden, dairy farm, poultry farm, drains, lakes, ponds, staff quarters, residential halls and cattle sheds. A total of 1397 mosquito larvae were collected from the places. Ten species of mosquitoes under three genera were identified. The recorded genera were Anopheles (An.), Culex (Cx.) and Aedes (Ae.). The collected species were An. bengalensis, An. vagus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. sitiens and Ae. albopictus. Among the collected larvae, Culex was found most prevalent (64.3%), followed by Anopheles (26.7%) and Aedes were the least prevalent (9.0%). The results of this study provide evidence that drains were the most common aquatic habitat of Anopheles and Culex larvae in Boyra, Kewatkhali and Balashpur. In BAU campus, agronomy fields were found having the highest percentage (35.2%) of mosquito larvae than the other places of the campus. This study suggests that although drains and rice fields are the richest habitats, since Anopheles and Culex can breed in all available breeding habitats. This larval survey will help us to conduct future mosquito control activities and provide us useful information to schedule larvicide’s application to control the mosquito borne diseases in the study areas as well as throughout the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23962Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 79-88

scholarly journals Prevalence of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in and around Bangladesh Agricultural University campus of Mymensingh in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
N Alam ◽  
T Farjana ◽  
TF Khanom ◽  
SS Labony ◽  
KR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
Almost All

Mosquitoes are the small insects belonging to the order diptera. They are familiar parasitic vectors of a number of transmissible and life menacing diseases. The study was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and its surrounding areas in Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January to June, 2013 detect adult mosquito species and their status. Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps (LTs), insect collecting nets, and human bait (HB) from households, cattle sheds, rice field, botanical garden, dairy farm and poultry farm and staff residential quarters. A total of 2,750 adult mosquitoes were collected from these places. Ten species of mosquitoes under two genera were identified. Among the two genera Culex (84.3%) was the leading group dominated over Anopheles (15.7%) in all areas. In case of Culex species, the most prevalent mosquito species was the Cx. quinquefasciatus (39%) followed by Cx. fuscocephala (23.7%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (15.8%), Cx. gelidus (4.0%), Cx. whitmorei (1.2%), Cx. vishnui (0.3%) and Cx. whitei (0.3%). On the other hand, among Anopheles species, An. bengalensis (11.1%) was found in the highest percentage followed by An. vagus (3.8%) and An. jayporiensis (0.8%). Among the studied areas, the highest prevalence of mosquitoes were collected from cattle sheds (40.7%), followed by households of Balashpur (16.2%), Boyra (14.9%) and Kewatkhali (12.4%). Though Culex species was found as dominant species in all areas, the highest percentage (96.7%) was found in staff residential area in BAU campus, whereas, the highest prevalence of Anopheles species (28.7%) was found in cattle shed. We found that two genera were prevalent together in almost all areas, however, though Culex was the dominant one. In conclusion, our survey provided useful information on the prevalence of mosquito species regarding the distribution and diseases control.Progressive Agriculture 26:60-66, 2015

Herbicides compromise biological control of ragwort

2002 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
K. Betteridge ◽  
D. Costall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Longitarsus Jacobaeae ◽  
High Ester ◽  
Low Levels

In spite of ragwort flea beetle (RFB) being present on a Dannevirke dairy farm, pastures were sprayed each winter to reduce ragwort density and limit the risk of ragwort poisoning of stock. The trial on this farm from June 1999 - October 2001, aimed to determine whether herbicide (H) impacted on RFB and how H and RFB each impacted on ragwort growth and persistence. RFBfree areas were created by spraying with insecticide (I). Effects of ragwort on animal health are also reported. High ester 2,4-D (H) boom-sprayed once only, in June 1999, killed most ragwort plants and reduced RFB larvae densities to low levels before the plants died. Once new ragwort established in treatment H, the plants became infested with RFB larvae. RFB larvae were suppressed by I resulting in ragwort density declining more slowly than in treatments where RFB were not suppressed. Insecticide treatments were stopped after 15 months and, at 24 months, ragwort could not be found within the trial area. Ragwort control was attributed to the cessation of herbicide spraying allowing the RFB population to reach a sufficient density to kill both small and large ragwort plants. Sub-clinical ragwort poisoning was found in livers of culled cows that had grazed on ragwort-dense pastures. Keywords: animal health, biological control, Longitarsus jacobaeae, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ragwort, ragwort flea beetle, Senecio jacobaea

First Record of Aedes aegypti (L.) Vector of Dengue Virus from Kathmandu, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Gautam ◽  
Megh Nath Dhimal ◽  
Shambhu Raj Shrestha ◽  
Anand Shova Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
First Record ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Primary Vector

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for the transmission of Dengue Fever (DF)/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Entomological investigations on breeding habitats and larval prevalence of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) were conducted from April to June 2009 in Kathmandu district, Nepal. Different water-filled containers were examined for the presence or absence of Aedes larvae. Larval survey techniques were used to obtain the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI). The over all HI, CI and BI for Aedes aegypti were 6.25, 4.83, 9.37 and for Aedes albopictus were 6.25, 3.22 and 6.25 respectively. It was also observed that discarded tires lying outdoors were the preferred breeding habitats. No breeding was observed in other containers in April and May during this three months survey. Herewith, we report the first collection and identification of Aedes aegypti in Kathmandu during June, 2009. Indeed, this finding constitutes the first record from the capital of Nepal within the urban agglomeration of Basundhara and Gongabu-Balaju area.Therefore, DF/DHF transmission risk may occur locally if imported cases are introduced.  Key Words: Aedes aegypti; Ae. albopictus;  Kathmandu; First record; Dengue Fever.Journal of Natural History MuseumVol 24, 2009.Page:

scholarly journals Identification of Primary Container of Aedes Mosquitoes Breeding Site in Urban Region of Dengue Endemic Area, Purwokerto Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Devi Octaviana ◽  
Sri Nurlaela
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Dengue prevention and control more reliant on reducing its vector,  Aedes sp. mosquitoes by mosquito breeding nest eradication method. Therefore, identification of the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site particularly in the urban region of dengue-endemic area is a crucial effort to conduct an effective dengue prevention program. This research aimed to identify the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site in the urban region of the dengue-endemic area. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, located in an urban region of dengue-endemic area within Banyumas Regency of Central Java Indonesia. A total of 300 houses in three urban areas were observed in urban areas of Purwokerto namely Arcawinangun, Purwanegara, and Karangpucung (100 houses each area). A total of 1504 water-holding containers were observed. All container was observed and recorded the type, color, lid condition, position, and the presence of mosquito larvae. The analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of types, color, lid condition, and position of the container also the presence of mosquito larvae. The result of this study highlighted that flower pots and bathtubs were the primary types of containers with Aedes sp. larvae in the urban area. The characteristics of larvae-positive containers mostly open, bright, and located indoor position. Dengue prevention efforts by targeting the primary types of containers for mosquito breeding are expected to reduce the adult mosquito population.

scholarly journals Habitat Aedes Pradewasa dan Indeks Entomologi di 11 Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Lasbudi Pertama Ambarita ◽  
Hotnida Sitorus ◽  
Rahayu Hasti Komaria
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Single Larva ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Dengue Vector Control

Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever still becomes public health problems in South Sumatera Province with all of its regencies/cities have infested with Aedes aegypti. This research aimed to determine Aedes entomological indices and its breeding habitats. The research located at 11 regencies/cities, where in every regencies/cities determined two clusters (village) based on incidence rate in the last three years. Survey of preadult mosquito was carried out inside and outside areas of 1181 houses using single larva method with modification. The survey found that the dengue vector indices for house index, breteau index, and container index were at range 22,6% - 60,6%, 26,4 – 154,1 and 8,0% - 36,2%  respectively. The most dominant water holding containers found infested with pre-adults mosquito were cement tanks (33,4%), followed by buckets (18,2%) and drums (14,7%). Inside houses, larva or pupae found dominants in cement tanks (44,3%), buckets (19,5%) and drums (13,9%), while outside of the house were used containers (20,7%), followed by drums (16,7%), buckets (15,0%) and used tires (11,9%). Statistical analysis by chi-square test showed a significant relationship between infested of Aedes pre-adults with characteristic of  containers (colours, volume, location found and containers). Larval survey by visiting houses should carry out routinely and integrated into dengue vector control program.

scholarly journals The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

scholarly journals Larvicidal effect of some natural products on mosquito and some aquatic predators in Gezira State, Sudan: Field assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-082
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab Houmida Ali ◽  
Mutaman Ali A. Kehail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Aquatic Predators

There are many methods used for mosquito control. Depending on the situation, source reduction (removing stagnant water), bio-control (importing natural predators), trapping, and insecticides to kill larvae or adults may be used. Some aquatic predators were reputed as biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Hence they have to be considered when experimenting on the lethal effects of any material on mosquito larvae. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of neem leaves and usher latex against Anopheles and Culex larvae and some of their aquatic predators (hemipteran boatman (HB), tadpole (T), swimming beetle larvae (SBL) and adult (SBA) and mayfly naiad (MF)) in some breeding sites around Wad Medani Town. Gezira State, Sudan. Two villages were selected for conducting this study. The count of the mosquito larvae and the aquatic predators continued for four days from applying natural products. The results showed that, mosquito’s larvae were affected more than the aquatic by Neem leaves and Ushar latex. The study of the microclimates in the breeding sites will help to correlate toxicity to any level of any environmental factor.

Demystifying Essential Containers and Places for Aedes Mosquito Control in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiyana Sahavechaphan ◽  
Asamaporn Chatrattikorn ◽  
Pongsakorn Sadakorn ◽  
Darin Areechokechai ◽  
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The strategy for prevention and control of Aedes-borne diseases relies on timely elimination of key breeding containers. There is thus a crucial need to identify key breeding containers to enhance vector control activities. The visual larval survey of wet containers has then been conducted as a routine mission of the Department of Disease Control (DDC). To facilitate this, DDC has deployed a mobile application, namely TanRabad SURVEY, since May 2016. As per an inspected place, TanRabad SURVEY supports the real-time collection of its larval survey data and processing of its larval indices and key breeding containers. Methods: Larval survey data from 2017 to 2019 were spatially and temporally collected by public health officials via TanRabad SURVEY. Several measurements were computed to identify the overall and regional key breeding containers and places; and the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. The measurements for identifying essential containers were breeding potentiality, productivity, contribution and preference ratio. As for places, the larval productivity of places based on larval indices was employed. Such place productivity was also implemented for discovering the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. Results: The overall essential breeding containers were water tank, unused containers, other used containers, old tyres, anti-ant bowls, drip tray of water dispensers, pet bowls and plant leaves. As for regional aspects, different regions had different essential breeding containers wherein their most common containers were unused containers, other used containers, old tyres and drip tray of water dispensers. All regions had similar experiences that villages and temples were the top two riskiest places, followed by schools, factories, hotels and hospitals. Additionally, all regions had high transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne disease as above 30 of all their places were moderate and high risk places. Conclusions: This study identified the overall and regional key breeding containers and places along with the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. Beside this, the empirical evidence had shown that the breeding productivity of most containers and places in each type was gradually decreased from time to time. This was mainly because TanRabad SURVEY supported real-time risk communication to community participants and effective prevention and control program development.

scholarly journals Larval breeding habitats and ecological factors influence the species composition of mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) in the parks of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Hasan ◽  
Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Abdul Alim ◽  
Mohammad Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Tree Holes

Mosquito larval ecology is prerequisite for determining the larval abundance and species assemblage in mosquito control program. The study explored the association of five mosquito species with their breeding habitat diversity and species distribution in three selected parks from May to October, 2015. A total of 3217 mosquito larvae were reported from six breeding habitats, namely tree hole, leaf axils, water bottle, tire, drain and coconut shell. The frequency of the three species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus) coexistence was higher in tree holes (82.4%) than that of the other coexisting species. Pearson Chi-square result revealed that the association of species was significantly dependent on the breeding habitats. ANOVA further suggested that mosquito density varied across habitats where among the highest density of Cx. quinquefasciatus (3.87 ± 0.22) found in drain, followed by both Ae. albopictus (2.02 ± 0.17) and Ar. subalbatus (0.50 ± 0.09) in tree holes and Ae. aegypti (1.25 ± 0.23) in coconut shell. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in drain with the least observed density (0.03 ± 0.01). CCA results suggested that Aedes species were likely preferred to oviposit in shaded habitats where pH was associated with Ae. albopictus and dissolved oxygen was with Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus. Culex species were positively associated with the habitats characterizing muddy bottom and emerging vegetation but not with any of the physico-chemical parameters. These findings concluded that ecological factors influence mosquito species to favor their breeding habitats can be helpful in controlling targeted vector species as well as the mosquito borne diseases.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 111-122, 2017

scholarly journals Delivery Methods for RNAi in Mosquito Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Munawar ◽  
Azzam M Alahmed ◽  
Sayed M S Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Field Application ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
The World

Abstract Mosquito-transmitted diseases pose a threat for a great portion of the world population. Chemical insecticides are the main tool for mosquito control. Heavy dependence on chemicals created several problems such as resistance development in many mosquito species, environmental effects, and human health issues. Other tools for mosquito control were developed and used in some parts of the world. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a reverse genetic mechanism that was recently introduced as a new tool for pest control. Regarding mosquito, RNAi was used to study gene function and to discover genes that can be used as targets for control purposes. Several delivery methods are used to induce RNAi in mosquito larvae. Some methods such as injection and soaking are used routinely in RNAi research but have no application in the field. Other methods such as nanoparticles and microbes have some characteristics that make them good candidates for field application. In this report, we will focus on delivery methods for RNAi in mosquito larvae and will give examples for each method.

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