Optimization of Mineral Nutrition in a Coconut Plantation Taking an Experimental Approach in situ

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
X. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYOver several decades agronomists have developed a mineral nutrition management method for perennial oil crops based on leaf analysis combined with reference field trials. This method has been used in a coconut plantation on the peats of the east coast of Sumatra to optimize mineral nutrition in a very short time, at minimum cost and with maximum reliability, through successive adjustments of the fertilizer schedules. Two reference trials were set up to study a wide range of mineral nutrients assumed to be deficient on this area. Further experiments were set up as new nutritional problems occurred at the plantation, and as soon as the first results were obtained from these two trials. In this way, the iron and copper deficiency problems at the plantation were dealt with satisfactorily taking an experimental approach. New experiments were set up recently to test the hypothesis of a silicon deficiency. The fertilization schedules for the commercial plantation were developed by successive adjustments based on the trial results. Leaf analysis data showed that the coconut palms in the commercial plots always complied with the experimental models. In addition to being rapid and reliable, this method was also cost-effective, especially when larger areas were involved.

Optimization of Mineral Nutrition in a Coconut Plantation Taking an Experimental Approach in situ

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
X. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYOver several decades agronomists have developed a mineral nutrition management method for perennial oil crops based on leaf analysis combined with reference field trials. This method has been used in a coconut plantation on the peats of the east coast of Sumatra to optimize mineral nutrition in a very short time, at minimum cost and with maximum reliability, through successive adjustments of the fertilizer schedules. Two reference trials were set up to study a wide range of mineral nutrients assumed to be deficient on this area. Further experiments were set up as new nutritional problems occurred at the plantation, and as soon as the first results were obtained from these two trials. In this way, the iron and copper deficiency problems at the plantation were dealt with satisfactorily taking an experimental approach. New experiments were set up recently to test the hypothesis of a silicon deficiency. The fertilization schedules for the commercial plantation were developed by successive adjustments based on the trial results. Leaf analysis data showed that the coconut palms in the commercial plots always complied with the experimental models. In addition to being rapid and reliable, this method was also cost-effective, especially when larger areas were involved.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Opportunistic Sensing Management in Fog Cloud Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Anju Gupta ◽  
R K Bathla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Opportunistic Sensing ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Cloud ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Potential Challenge

With so many people now wearing mobile devices with sensors (such as smartphones), utilizing the immense capabilities of these business mobility goods has become a prospective skill to significant behavioural and ecological sensors. A potential challenge for pervasive context assessment is opportunistic sensing, has been effectively used to a wide range of applications. The sensor cloud combines cloud technology with a wireless sensor, resulting in a scalable and cost-effective computing platform for real-time applications. Because the sensor's battery power is limited and the data centre’s servers consume a significant amount of energy to supply storage, a sensor cloud must be energy efficient. This study provides a Fog-based semantic for enabling these kinds of technologies quickly and successfully. The suggested structure is comprised of fundamental algorithms to help set up and coordinate the fog sensing jobs. It creates effective multihop routes for coordinating relevant devices and transporting acquired sensory data to fog sinks. It was claimed that energy-efficient sensor cloud approaches were categorized into different groups and that each technology was examined using numerous characteristics. The outcomes of a series of thorough test simulation in NS3 to define the practicality of the created console, as well as the proportion of each parameter utilized for each technology, are computed.

Effective zinc mobilization to rice grains using rhizobacterial consortium

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Vaid ◽  
Prakash Chandra Srivastava ◽  
Satya Pratap Pachauri ◽  
Anita Sharma ◽  
Deepa Rawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Set Up

Low Zn in staple food grains like rice is closely related to large scale Zn malnutrition in many countries of the World. Zinc biofortification of rice grains by some cost effective agronomic method is important for low income farmers. To explore the possibility of enhancing the bioavailability of Zn in rice grains besides higher yields of two cultivars, the combinations of varying Zn fertilizer doses with or without inoculation of rhizobacteria consortium under split plot design set up were evaluated in two years field trials. Microbial inoculation + 5 kg Zn ha-1 to I year rice crop resulted in the highest number of effective tillers, grain yields, Zn concentration and uptake in grains and straw and total Zn uptake in both years. Grain yield of rice during two years increased by 19.7-27.9 and 17.1-20.4 percent over control under treatments receiving microbial inoculation + 5 kg Zn ha-1 to I year rice and 5 kg Zn ha-1 alone to I year rice crop, respectively. The highest concentration of Zn (10.9-19.1 mg kg-1) and the lowest concentration of phytic acid (18.5-25.3 g kg-1) in dehulled rice grains were recorded with soil application of 5 kg Zn ha-1; however, the values were at par with those observed under microbial inoculation + 5 kg Zn ha-1 (12.0-17.0 mg Zn kg-1 and 19.2-26.9 g phytic acid kg-1). The percent utilization of soil applied Zn increased with microbial inoculation in both the years and it was relatively higher in NDR 359 as compared to PD 16.

scholarly journals A new method to compute mechanical properties of a standing skyline for cable yarding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256374
Author(s):  
Christian Knobloch ◽  
Leo Gallus Bont
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Cable Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Set Up

Cable-based technologies are the backbone for logistics of timber or construction material on impassable terrain. In Central Europe, the use of standing skylines with pre-stressed, both-sided fixed-anchor cables and multi-span configurations with internal intermediate supports is common. To ensure a safe and cost-effective set-up for cable road operations, it is essential to identify and compute the properties of the skyline (e.g. load path, tensile forces). This task is challenging because it requires dealing with the non‐linear behaviour of the cable structure under the load and has to include all significant physical effects. Several approaches have previously been proposed as practical solutions, however not all physical effects were covered by those approaches, such as the inclination-dependent elastic prolongation of the cable or the longitudinal deflection of the sagging carriage. With our new proposed approach, we aim to close this gap of knowledge, and consider all relevant physical effects. We present a non-linear approach that is able to compute the properties of a wide range of standing skyline configurations, including those with additional cables. This approach offers an extensive solution and a flexible framework for considering individual configurations or particularities by adding equations to the equation system.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Settlers or Movers? The Temporality of Past Migrations, Political Inaction and its Consequences, 1945–1985

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozefien De Bock
Keyword(s):  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Temporary Migrants ◽  
Multicultural Policies

Historically, those societies that have the longest tradition in multicultural policies are settler societies. The question of how to deal with temporary migrants has only recently aroused their interest. In Europe, temporary migration programmes have a much longer history. In the period after WWII, a wide range of legal frameworks were set up to import temporary workers, who came to be known as guest workers. In the end, many of these ‘guests’ settled in Europe permanently. Their presence lay at the basis of European multicultural policies. However, when these policies were drafted, the former mobility of guest workers had been forgotten. This chapter will focus on this mobility of initially temporary workers, comparing the period of economic growth 1945-1974 with the years after the 1974 economic crisis. Further, it will look at the kind of policies that were developed towards guest workers in the era before multiculturalism. This way, it shows how their consideration as temporary residents had far-reaching consequences for the immigrants, their descendants and the receiving societies involved. The chapter will finish by suggesting a number of lessons from the past. If the mobility-gap between guest workers and present-day migrants is not as big as generally assumed, then the consequences of previous neglect should serve as a warning for future policy making.

ORAL HISTORY SOURCES AS LEARNING MATERIALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Gugulethu Shamaine Nkala ◽  
Rodreck David
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Archives ◽  
National University ◽  
Set Up

Knowledge presented by Oral History (OH) is unique in that it shares the tacit perspective, thoughts, opinions and understanding of the interviewee in its primary form. While teachers, lecturers and other education specialists have at their disposal a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary sources upon which to relate and share or impart knowledge, OH presents a rich source of information that can improve the learning and knowledge impartation experience. The uniqueness of OH is presented in the following advantages of its use: it allows one to learn about the perspectives of individuals who might not otherwise appear in the historical record; it allows one to compensate for the digital age; one can learn different kinds of information; it provides historical actors with an opportunity to tell their own stories in their own words; and it offers a rich opportunity for human interaction. This article discusses the placement of oral history in the classroom set-up by investigating its use as a source of learning material presented by the National Archives of Zimbabwe to students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST). Interviews and a group discussion were used to gather data from an archivist at the National Archives of Zimbabwe, lecturers and students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at NUST, respectively. These groups were approached on the usability, uniqueness and other characteristics that support this type of knowledge about OH in a tertiary learning experience. The findings indicate several qualities that reflect the richness of OH as a teaching source material in a classroom set-up. It further points to weak areas that may be addressed where the source is considered a viable strategy for knowledge sharing and learning. The researchers present a possible model that can be used to champion the use of this rich knowledge source in classroom education at this university and in similar set-ups. 

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS PENDEKATAN OPEN ENDED PADA MATERI FPB/KPK KELAS IV UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA DI SD NEGERI TAMBAKREJO 01 SEMARANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambar Widianingrum ◽  
Joko Sulianto ◽  
Rahmat Rais
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Stage 1

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of teaching materials based on an open-ended approach to improve the reasoning abilities of fourth grade students in elementary schools. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). The subjects of this study were 3 classroom teachers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative data analysis (data reduction, data presentation and conclusion) and quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of stage 1 media validation, it was obtained 84.8%, and the results of stage 2 media validation were obtained 94.8%. The result of material validation for stage 1 was obtained 84.6%, and validation for material for stage 2 was obtained 93.3%. The results of initial field trials obtained media 93.7% and material 92.3%. This shows that the teaching material is declared valid and suitable for use. Based on the results of this study, the suggestion that can be conveyed is that teaching materials based on an open-ended approach can be used as a tool for teaching and learning resources for students.

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

Validated Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Amoxapine in Different Stress Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Shweta G. Rangari ◽  
Nishikant A. Raut ◽  
Pradip W. Dhore
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hptlc Method

Background:The unstable and/or toxic degradation products may form due to degradation of drug which results into loss of therapeutic activity and lead to life threatening condition. Hence, it is important to establish the stability characteristics of drug in various conditions such as in temperature, light, oxidising agent and susceptibility across a wide range of pH values.Introduction:The aim of the proposed study was to develop simple, sensitive and economic stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantification of Amoxapine in the presence of degradation products.Methods:Amoxapine and its degraded products were separated on precoated silica gel 60F254 TLC plates by using mobile phase comprising of methanol: toluene: ammonium acetate (6:3:1, v/v/v). The densitometric evaluation was carried out at 320 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode. The degradation products obtained as per ICH guidelines under acidic, basic and oxidative conditions have different Rf values 0.12, 0.26 and 0.6 indicating good resolution from each other and pure drug with Rf: 0.47. Amoxapine was found to be stable under neutral, thermal and photo conditions.Results:The method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness and linearity. A good linear relationship between concentration and response (peak area and peak height) over the range of 80 ng/spot to 720 ng/spot was observed from regression analysis data showing correlation coefficient 0.991 and 0.994 for area and height, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for area were found to be 1.176 ng/mL and 3.565 ng/mL, whereas for height, 50.063 ng/mL and 151.707 ng/mL respectively.Conclusion:The statistical analysis confirmed the accuracy, precision and selectivity of the proposed method which can be effectively used for the analysis of amoxapine in the presence of degradation products.

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